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Machaonia
''Machaonia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It has about 32 species.''Machaonia'' At: World Checklist of Rubiaceae At: Kew Gardens Website. (see ''External links'' below). All are indigenous to the neotropics.David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. None has a unique common name. Some species have been called "alfilerillo", a Spanish name for the common and well-known genus ''Erodium''. The type species for ''Machaonia'' is ''Machaonia acuminata''.''Machaonia'' In: Index Nominum Genericorum. In: Regnum Vegetabile (see ''External links'' below). ''Machaonia'' was named by Humboldt and Bonpland in 1806 in their book, ''Plantae Aequinoctiales''.''Machaonia'' in International Plant Names Index. (see ''External links'' below).Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland. 1806. ''Plantes équinoxiales recueillies au Mexique :dans l'île de Cuba, dans les provinces de Caracas, de Cumana et de Ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machaonia Erythrocarpa
''Machaonia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. It has about 32 species.''Machaonia'' At: World Checklist of Rubiaceae At: Kew Gardens Website. (see ''External links'' below). All are Indigenous (ecology), indigenous to the neotropics.David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. None has a unique common name. Some species have been called "alfilerillo", a Spanish language, Spanish name for the common and well-known genus ''Erodium''. The type species for ''Machaonia'' is ''Machaonia acuminata''.''Machaonia'' In: Index Nominum Genericorum. In: Regnum Vegetabile (see ''External links'' below). ''Machaonia'' was Botanical name, named by Alexander von Humboldt, Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland, Bonpland in 1806 in their book, ''Plantae Aequinoctiales''.''Machaonia'' in International Plant Names Index. (see ''External links'' below).Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland. 1806. ''Plant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machaonia Acuminata
''Machaonia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It has about 32 species.''Machaonia'' At: World Checklist of Rubiaceae At: Kew Gardens Website. (see ''External links'' below). All are indigenous to the neotropics.David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. None has a unique common name. Some species have been called "alfilerillo", a Spanish name for the common and well-known genus '' Erodium''. The type species for ''Machaonia'' is ''Machaonia acuminata''.''Machaonia'' In: Index Nominum Genericorum. In: Regnum Vegetabile (see ''External links'' below). ''Machaonia'' was named by Humboldt and Bonpland in 1806 in their book, ''Plantae Aequinoctiales''.''Machaonia'' in International Plant Names Index. (see ''External links'' below).Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland. 1806. ''Plantes équinoxiales recueillies au Mexique :dans l'île de Cuba, dans les provinces de Caracas, de Cumana et ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allenanthus
''Allenanthus'' was a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae but is no longer recognized. It has been sunk into synonymy with ''Machaonia''. Taxonomy ''Allenanthus'' was named by Paul Standley in 1940 in Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden.Standley PC. 1940. ''Allenanthus'' pages 344-346. In: Woodson RE, Schery RW. "Contributions toward a flora of Panama". ''Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden'' 27(3):265-364. It was named in honor of Paul Hamilton Allen (1911-1963). Until 2004, two species had been recognized, but fieldwork has shown that there is a Continuum (theory), continuum of Genetic diversity, variation between them. Comparisons of Plant morphology, morphological Phenotypic trait, characters and DNA sequences have shown that ''Allenanthus'' is Paraphyly, embedded in ''Machaonia ''Machaonia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It has about 32 species.''Machaonia'' At: World Checklist of Rubiaceae At: Kew Gardens Website. (see ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aimé Bonpland
Aimé Jacques Alexandre Bonpland (; 22 August 1773 – 11 May 1858) was a French explorer and botanist who traveled with Alexander von Humboldt in Latin America from 1799 to 1804. He co-authored volumes of the scientific results of their expedition. Biography Bonpland was born as Aimé Jacques Alexandre Goujaud in La Rochelle, France, on 22, 28,. or 29 August 1773. His father was a physician and, around 1790, he joined his brother Michael in Paris, where they both studied medicine. From 1791, they attended courses given at Paris's Botanical Museum of Natural History. Their teachers included Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, and René Louiche Desfontaines; Aimé further studied under Jean-Nicolas Corvisart and may have attended classes given by Pierre-Joseph Desault at the Hôtel-Dieu. During this period, Aimé also befriended his fellow student, Xavier Bichat. Amid the turmoil of the French Revolution and Revolutionary Wars, Bonpland served as a surge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machaon (physician)
In Greek mythology, Machaon (; grc, Μαχάων, Macháōn) was a son of Asclepius; and the older brother of Podalirius. He and his brother led an army from Tricca in the Trojan War on the side of the Greeks. Description Meanwhile, in the account of Dares the Phrygian, Machaon was illustrated as ". . . large and brave, dependable, prudent, patient, and merciful." Family Machaon fathered Nicomachus and Gorgasus by Anticleia, daughter of Diocles of Pharae. His other sons were Alexanor, Sphyrus and Polemocrates. According to Diogenes Laertius's '' Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers'', Hermippus, in his book ''On Aristotle,'' places Machaon as the son of Asclepius, father of Nicomachus, and ancestor of Aristotle. Mythology Both Machaon and Podalirius were highly valued surgeons and medics. In the ''Iliad'' he was wounded and put out of action by Paris. Machaon (or his brother) healed Philoctetes, Telephus and Menelaus, after he sustained an arrow at the hand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen(s). Article 67.1 A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus. In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name that has that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have such types. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synonym (taxonomy)
The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linnaeus was the first to give a scientific name (under the currently used system of scientific nomenclature) to the Norway spruce, which he called ''Pinus abies''. This name is no longer in use, so it is now a synonym of the current scientific name, ''Picea abies''. * In zoology, moving a species from one genus to another results in a different binomen, but the name is considered an alternative combination rather than a synonym. The concept of synonymy in zoology is reserved for two names at the same rank that refers to a taxon at that rank - for example, the name ''Papilio prorsa'' Linnaeus, 1758 is a junior synonym of ''Papilio levana'' Linnaeus, 1758, being names for different seasonal forms of the species now referred to as ''Araschnia le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraphyletic
In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In contrast, a monophyletic group (a clade) includes a common ancestor and ''all'' of its descendants. The terms are commonly used in phylogenetics (a subfield of biology) and in the tree model of historical linguistics. Paraphyletic groups are identified by a combination of Synapomorphy and apomorphy, synapomorphies and symplesiomorphy, symplesiomorphies. If many subgroups are missing from the named group, it is said to be polyparaphyletic. The term was coined by Willi Hennig to apply to well-known taxa like Reptilia (reptiles) which, as commonly named and traditionally defined, is paraphyletic with respect to mammals and birds. Reptilia contains the last common ancestor of reptiles a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DNA Sequence
DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. The advent of rapid DNA sequencing methods has greatly accelerated biological and medical research and discovery. Knowledge of DNA sequences has become indispensable for basic biological research, DNA Genographic Projects and in numerous applied fields such as medical diagnosis, biotechnology, forensic biology, virology and biological systematics. Comparing healthy and mutated DNA sequences can diagnose different diseases including various cancers, characterize antibody repertoire, and can be used to guide patient treatment. Having a quick way to sequence DNA allows for faster and more individualized medical care to be administered, and for more organisms to be identified and cataloged. The rapid speed of sequencing attained with modern D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Research
Research is "creativity, creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge". It involves the collection, organization and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular attentiveness to controlling sources of bias and error. These activities are characterized by accounting and controlling for biases. A research project may be an expansion on past work in the field. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole. The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) are documentation, Discovery (observation), discovery, interpretation (philosophy), interpretation, and the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. Approaches to research depend on epistemology, epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms. These relationships are determined by Computational phylogenetics, phylogenetic inference methods that focus on observed heritable traits, such as DNA sequences, protein amino acid sequences, or morphology. The result of such an analysis is a phylogenetic tree—a diagram containing a hypothesis of relationships that reflects the evolutionary history of a group of organisms. The tips of a phylogenetic tree can be living taxa or fossils, and represent the "end" or the present time in an evolutionary lineage. A phylogenetic diagram can be rooted or unrooted. A rooted tree diagram indicates the hypothetical common ancestor of the tree. An unrooted tree diagram (a network) makes no assumption about the ancestral line, and does ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek Mythology
A major branch of classical mythology, Greek mythology is the body of myths originally told by the Ancient Greece, ancient Greeks, and a genre of Ancient Greek folklore. These stories concern the Cosmogony, origin and Cosmology#Metaphysical cosmology, nature of the world, the lives and activities of List of Greek mythological figures, deities, Greek hero cult, heroes, and List of Greek mythological creatures, mythological creatures, and the origins and significance of the ancient Greeks' own cult (religious practice), cult and ritual practices. Modern scholars study the myths to shed light on the religious and political institutions of ancient Greece, and to better understand the nature of myth-making itself. The Greek myths were initially propagated in an oral tradition, oral-poetic tradition most likely by Minoan civilization, Minoan and Mycenaean Greece, Mycenaean singers starting in the 18th century BC; eventually the myths of the heroes of the Trojan War and its after ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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