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Leucoanthocyanidins
Leucoanthocyanidin (flavan-3,4-diols) are colorless chemical compounds related to anthocyanidins and anthocyanins. Leucoanthocyanins can be found in ''Anadenanthera peregrina'' and in several species of ''Nepenthes'' including ''Nepenthes burbidgeae, N. burbidgeae'', ''Nepenthes muluensis, N. muluensis'', ''Nepenthes rajah, N. rajah'', ''Nepenthes tentaculata, N. tentaculata'', and ''Nepenthes × alisaputrana, N. × alisaputrana''. Such compounds include: * Leucocyanidin * Leucodelphinidin * Leucofisetinidin * Leucomalvidin * Leucopelargonidin * Leucopeonidin * Leucorobinetinidin * Melacacidin * Teracacidin from ''Acacia obtusifolia'' and ''Acacia maidenii'' heartwoods Leucoanthocyanidins have been demonstrated to be intermediates in anthocyanidin biosynthesis in flowers of ''Matthiola incana''. Edgar Charles Bate-Smith, Bate-smith recommended in 1954 the use of the Forestal solvent for the isolation of leuco-anthocyanins. Metabolism Leucoanthocyanid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucoanthocyanidins
Leucoanthocyanidin (flavan-3,4-diols) are colorless chemical compounds related to anthocyanidins and anthocyanins. Leucoanthocyanins can be found in ''Anadenanthera peregrina'' and in several species of ''Nepenthes'' including ''Nepenthes burbidgeae, N. burbidgeae'', ''Nepenthes muluensis, N. muluensis'', ''Nepenthes rajah, N. rajah'', ''Nepenthes tentaculata, N. tentaculata'', and ''Nepenthes × alisaputrana, N. × alisaputrana''. Such compounds include: * Leucocyanidin * Leucodelphinidin * Leucofisetinidin * Leucomalvidin * Leucopelargonidin * Leucopeonidin * Leucorobinetinidin * Melacacidin * Teracacidin from ''Acacia obtusifolia'' and ''Acacia maidenii'' heartwoods Leucoanthocyanidins have been demonstrated to be intermediates in anthocyanidin biosynthesis in flowers of ''Matthiola incana''. Edgar Charles Bate-Smith, Bate-smith recommended in 1954 the use of the Forestal solvent for the isolation of leuco-anthocyanins. Metabolism Leucoanthocyanid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucomalvidin
Leucoanthocyanidin (flavan-3,4-diols) are colorless chemical compounds related to anthocyanidins and anthocyanins. Leucoanthocyanins can be found in '' Anadenanthera peregrina'' and in several species of '' Nepenthes'' including '' N. burbidgeae'', '' N. muluensis'', '' N. rajah'', '' N. tentaculata'', and '' N. × alisaputrana''. Such compounds include: * Leucocyanidin * Leucodelphinidin * Leucofisetinidin * Leucomalvidin * Leucopelargonidin * Leucopeonidin * Leucorobinetinidin * Melacacidin * Teracacidin from '' Acacia obtusifolia'' and ''Acacia maidenii'' heartwoods Leucoanthocyanidins have been demonstrated to be intermediates in anthocyanidin biosynthesis in flowers of ''Matthiola incana''. Bate-smith recommended in 1954 the use of the Forestal solvent for the isolation of leuco-anthocyanins. Metabolism Leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase uses flavan-3,4-diols to produce 3-hydroxyanthocyanidins. The gene encoding the enzyme (PpLDOX) has b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucocyanidin
Leucocyanidin is a colorless chemical compound that is a member of the class of natural products known as leucoanthocyanidins. Chemistry (+)-Leucocyanidin can be synthesized from (+)-dihydroquercetin by reduction with sodium borohydride. Molar equivalents of synthetic (2R,3S,4R or S)-leucocyanidin and (+)-catechin condense with exceptional rapidity at pH 5 under ambient conditions to give the all-''trans''- ,8 and ,6bi- +)-catechins( procyanidins B3, B6) the all-''trans''- ,8:4,8 and ,8:4,6tri- +)-catechins(procyanidin C2 and isomer). Metabolism Leucocyanidin oxygenase uses leucocyanidin, 2-oxoglutarate, and O2 to produce ''cis''-dihydroquercetin, ''trans''-dihydroquercetin (taxifolin), succinate, CO2, and H2O. Leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR or leucocyanidin reductase LCR) uses (2''R'',3''S'')-catechin, NADP+, and H2O to produce 2,3-''trans''-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin, NADPH, and H+. Its gene expression has been studied in developing grape berries and grapevine leaves ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucopelargonidin
Leucopelargonidin is a colorless chemical compound related to leucoanthocyanins. It can be found in ''Albizia lebbeck'' (East Indian walnut), in the fruit of ''Anacardium occidentale'' (Cashew), in the fruit of ''Areca catechu'' (Areca nut), in the fruit of '' Hydnocarpus wightiana'' (Hindi Chaulmoogra), in the rhizome of '' Rumex hymenosepalus'' (Arizona dock), in '' Zea mays'' (Corn) and in ''Ziziphus jujuba'' (Chinese date). (+)-Leucopelargonidin can be synthesized from (+)-aromadendrin by sodium borohydride reduction. Metabolism Dihydrokaempferol 4-reductase In enzymology, a dihydrokaempferol 4-reductase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :cis-3,4- leucopelargonidin + NADP+ \rightleftharpoons (+)- dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+ Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are cis-3 ... uses ''cis''-3,4-leucopelargonidin and NADP+ to produce (+)-aromadendrin, NADPH, and H+. Leucoanthocyanidin reductase transforms ''cis''-3,4-leucopelargonidin into afze ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucofisetinidin
Leucofisetinidin is a flavan-3,4-diol (leucoanthocyanidin), a type of natural phenolic substance. It is the monomer of condensed tannins called profisetinidins. Those tannins can be extracted from the heartwood of ''Acacia mearnsii'' or from the heartwoods of ''Schinopsis balansae'', ''Schinopsis quebrachocolorado'' and from commercial quebracho extract. See also * Fisetinidin Fisetinidin is an anthocyanidin. It has been obtained from the heartwood of ''Acacia mearnsii'', from the bark of '' Rhizophora apiculata'' and can also be synthesized. Fisetinidin is very similar in structure to fisetin, which itself differs in s ... References Leucoanthocyanidins {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucodelphinidin
Leucodelphinidin is a colorless chemical compound related to leucoanthocyanidins. It can be found in '' Acacia auriculiformis'', in the bark of Karada ('' Cleistanthus collinus'') and in the kino (gum) from ''Eucalyptus pilularis''. Other species containing leucodelphinidin include '' Aesculus hippocastanum'' (Horse chestnut, in rind/bark/cortex), ''Arachis hypogaea'' (Earth nut in seeds), ''Arbutus unedo'' (Arbutus, in the leaf), '' Caesalpinia pulcherrima'' (Barbados pride), ''Ceratonia siliqua'' (Carob, in the fruit), ''Hamamelis virginiana'' (American witch hazel, in the leaf), ''Hippophae rhamnoides'' (Hippophae berry, in the leaf), ''Humulus lupulus'' (bine flower / blossom, in the leaf), '' Musa acuminata × balbisiana'' (Banana, in the fruit), ''Nelumbo nucifera'' (lotus, in the leaf), ''Phyllanthus emblica'' (Emblic, Indian gooseberry, in the rind/bark/cortex), ''Quercus alba'' (White oak, in the rind/bark/cortex), ''Quercus robur'' (Common oak, in the rind/bark/cortex), ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthocyanin
Anthocyanins (), also called anthocyans, are water-soluble vacuolar pigments that, depending on their pH, may appear red, purple, blue, or black. In 1835, the German pharmacist Ludwig Clamor Marquart gave the name Anthokyan to a chemical compound that gives flowers a blue color for the first time in his treatise "''Die Farben der Blüthen''". Food plants rich in anthocyanins include the blueberry, raspberry, black rice, and black soybean, among many others that are red, blue, purple, or black. Some of the colors of autumn leaves are derived from anthocyanins. Anthocyanins belong to a parent class of molecules called flavonoids synthesized via the phenylpropanoid pathway. They occur in all tissues of higher plants, including leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and fruits. Anthocyanins are derived from anthocyanidins by adding sugars. They are odorless and moderately astringent. Although approved as food and beverage colorant in the European Union, anthocyanins are not approved ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucopeonidin
Leucopeonidin is a leucoanthocyanidin. A leucopeonidin glycoside is found in the bark of ''Ficus bengalensis ''Ficus benghalensis'', commonly known as the banyan, banyan fig and Indian banyan, is a tree native to the Indian Subcontinent. Specimens in India are among the largest trees in the world by canopy coverage. It also known as the " strangler fig" ...''. References Leucoanthocyanidins Phenol ethers Resorcinols {{phenol-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melacacidin
Melacacidin is a chemical compound related to leucoanthocyanidins. It can be found in ''Acacia crassicarpa''. Melacacidin is a compound that can provoke contact allergy to Australian blackwood ''Acacia melanoxylon ''Acacia melanoxylon'', commonly known as the Australian blackwood, is an ''Acacia'' species native in South eastern Australia. The species is also known as Blackwood, hickory, mudgerabah, Tasmanian blackwood, or blackwood acacia. The tree belon ...''. References Leucoanthocyanidins Catechols Enediols {{Aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nepenthes
''Nepenthes'' () is a genus of carnivorous plants, also known as tropical pitcher plants, or monkey cups, in the monotypic family Nepenthaceae. The genus includes about 170 species, and numerous natural and many cultivated hybrids. They are mostly liana-forming plants of the Old World tropics, ranging from South China, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines; westward to Madagascar (two species) and the Seychelles (one); southward to Australia (four) and New Caledonia (one); and northward to India (one) and Sri Lanka (one). The greatest diversity occurs on Borneo, Sumatra, and the Philippines, with many endemic species. Many are plants of hot, humid, lowland areas, but the majority are tropical montane plants, receiving warm days but cool to cold, humid nights year round. A few are considered tropical alpine, with cool days and nights near freezing. The name "monkey cups" refers to the fact that monkeys were once thought to drink rainwater from the pitchers. Description ''N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acacia Maidenii
''Acacia maidenii'', also known as Maiden's wattle, is a tree native to Australia (New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria). It has been introduced into India, (Tamil Nadu) and Argentina, and it grows on plantations in South Africa. Description and habitat It prefers full sun to partial shade and it is often found on the edge of the rainforest. It grows up to 20 m height in an erect or spreading habit. The phyllodes are dark green, alternate along the stem and reach 20 cm in length and 1 to 3 cm in width. It is very fast growing, reaching 1.5 m tall in as little as five months. Its flowers have pale yellow spikes up to 6 cm long that often occur in clusters of two to three. The fruit is hairy, about 15 cm long and narrow, often becoming coiled. In the Australian state of Victoria it is listed as being an endangered species, however it is a common species through much of the rest of its range. The tree has a lifespan of more than 30 years. It grow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitis Vinifera
''Vitis vinifera'', the common grape vine, is a species of flowering plant, native to the Mediterranean region, Central Europe, and southwestern Asia, from Morocco and Portugal north to southern Germany and east to northern Iran. There are currently between 5,000 and 10,000 varieties of ''Vitis vinifera'' grapes though only a few are of commercial significance for wine and table grape production. The wild grape is often classified as ''Vitis vinifera'' ''sylvestris'' (in some classifications considered ''Vitis sylvestris''), with ''Vitis vinifera'' ''vinifera'' restricted to cultivated forms. Domesticated vines have hermaphrodite flowers, but ''sylvestris'' is dioecious (male and female flowers on separate plants) and pollination is required for fruit to develop. Grapes can be eaten fresh or dried to produce raisins, sultanas, and currants. Grape leaves are used in the cuisine of many cultures. The fresh grapes can also be processed into juice that is fermented to make wine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
