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Languages Of Ireland
There are a number of languages used in Ireland. Since the late 18th century, English language in the Republic of Ireland, English has been the predominant first language, displacing Irish. A large minority claims some ability to use Irish, and it is the first language for a small percentage of the population. In the Republic of Ireland, under the Constitution of Ireland, both languages have official status, with Irish being the national and first official language. In Northern Ireland, English is the primary language for 95% of the population, and ''de facto'' official language, while Irish is recognised as an official language and Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster Scots is recognised as a minority language under the Identity and Language (Northern Ireland) Act 2022. Prehistoric languages The first linguistic records in Ireland are Primitive Irish inscriptions written in the Ogham alphabet. Scholars generally estimate that the earliest of these inscriptions were made in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Primitive Irish
Primitive Irish or Archaic Irish (), also called Proto-Goidelic, is the oldest known form of the Goidelic languages, and the ancestor of all languages within this family. This phase of the language is known only from fragments, mostly personal names, inscribed on stone in the Ogham alphabet in Ireland and western Great Britain between the 4th and the 6th century AD, before the advent of Old Irish. These inscriptions are referred to as Orthodox Ogham, although scholastic use of the script continued residually until the early 19th century. Written records Primitive Irish is the oldest recorded form of the Goidelic languages. It was written in the Ogham alphabet, the usage of which can be divided into two phases, Orthodox Ogham and Scholastic Ogham. The former represents the earlier tradition of inscriptions recording an individual's name, optionally with parentage, perhaps as a memorial or indicator of land ownership, whereas the latter resulted from a tradition of scho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English Medium Education
An English-medium education system is one that uses English as the primary medium of instruction—particularly where English is not the mother tongue of students. Initially this is associated with the expansion of English from its homeland in England and the lowlands of Scotland and its spread to the rest of Great Britain and Ireland, beginning in the sixteenth century. The rise of the British Empire increased the language's spread to British colonies, and in many of these it has remained the medium of education. The increased economic and cultural influence of the United States since World War II has also furthered the global spread of English, as has the rapid spread of Internet and other technologies. As a result of this, there are English-medium schools in many states throughout the world where English is not the predominant language. Also in higher education, due to the recent trend towards internationalization, an increasing number of degree courses, particularly at mast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National School (Ireland)
In Ireland, a national school () is a type of primary school that is financed directly by the state, but typically administered jointly by the state, a patron body, and local representatives. In national schools, most major policies, such as the curriculum and teacher salaries and conditions, are managed by the state through the Department of Education. Minor policies of the school are managed by local people, sometimes directed by a member of the clergy, as representative of the patron, through a local ' board of management'. Most primary schools in Ireland fall into this category, which is a pre-independence concept. While there are other forms of primary school in Ireland, including a relatively small number of private denominational schools which do not receive state aid, there were just 34 such private primary schools in 2012, with a combined enrollment of 7,600 pupils. By comparison there were, as of 2019, over 3,200 national schools in Ireland with a combined enrollment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landed Gentry
The landed gentry, or the gentry (sometimes collectively known as the squirearchy), is a largely historical Irish and British social class of landowners who could live entirely from rental income, or at least had a country estate. It is the British element of the wider European class of gentry. While part of the British aristocracy, and usually armigers, the gentry ranked below the British peerage (or "titled nobility") in social status. Nevertheless, their economic base in land was often similar, and some of the landed gentry were wealthier than some peers. Many gentry were close relatives of peers, and it was not uncommon for gentry to marry into peerage. With or without noble title, owning rural land estates often brought with it the legal rights of the feudal lordship of the manor, and the less formal name or title of ''squire'', in Scotland laird. Generally lands passed by primogeniture, while the inheritances of daughters and younger sons were in cash or stocks ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulster Plantation
The Plantation of Ulster (; Ulster Scots: ) was the organised colonisation (''plantation'') of Ulstera province of Irelandby people from Great Britain during the reign of King James VI and I. Small privately funded plantations by wealthy landowners began in 1606,... while the official plantation began in 1609. Most of the land had been confiscated from the native Gaelic chiefs, several of whom had fled Ireland for mainland Europe in 1607 following the Nine Years' War against English rule. The official plantation comprised an estimated half a million acres (2,000 km2) of arable land in counties Armagh, Cavan, Fermanagh, Tyrone, Donegal, and Londonderry. Land in counties Antrim, Down, and Monaghan was privately colonised with the king's support. Among those involved in planning and overseeing the plantation were King James, the Lord Deputy of Ireland, Arthur Chichester, and the Attorney-General for Ireland, John Davies.: "Advisors to King James VI/I, notably ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tudor Conquest Of Ireland
Ireland was conquered by the Tudor monarchs of England in the 16th century. The Anglo-Normans had Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland, conquered swathes of Ireland in the late 12th century, bringing it under Lordship of Ireland, English rule. In the 14th century, the effective The Pale, area of English rule shrank markedly, and from then most of Ireland was held by native Gaels, Gaelic chiefdoms. Following a Thomas FitzGerald, 10th Earl of Kildare#Kildare rebellion (1534–1535), failed rebellion by the Earl of Kildare in the 1530s, the English Crown set about restoring its authority. Henry VIII of England was made "King of Ireland" by the Crown of Ireland Act 1542. The conquest involved assimilating the Gaelic nobility by way of "surrender and regrant"; the confiscation and Plantations of Ireland, colonisation ('plantation') of lands with settlers from Britain; imposing English law and language; banning Catholic Church in Ireland, Catholicism, Dissolution of the monasteries, dissol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
More Irish Than The Irish Themselves
"More Irish than the Irish themselves" (; ) is a phrase used in Irish historiography to describe a phenomenon of cultural assimilation in late medieval Norman Ireland. History The descendants of Anglo-Norman lords who had settled in Ireland in the 12th century had been significantly Gaelicised by the end of the Middle Ages, forming septs and clans after the indigenous Gaelic pattern, and became known as the Gall or "Old English" (contrasting with the "New English" arriving with the Tudor conquest of Ireland). The Statutes of Kilkenny, 1366, complained that " ... now many English of the said land, forsaking the English language, manners, mode of riding, laws and usages, live and govern themselves according to the manners, fashion, and language of the Irish enemies". In 1596 the Elizabethan poet Edmund Spenser (c. 1552–13 January 1599) whilst employed as part of the English administration in Ireland, paraphrased the saying in his controversial treatise, '' A View of the Pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irish Culture
The culture of Ireland includes the Irish art, art, Music of Ireland, music, Irish dance, dance, Irish mythology, folklore, Irish clothing, traditional clothing, Irish language, language, Irish literature, literature, Irish cuisine, cuisine and Sport in Ireland, sport associated with Ireland and the Irish people. For most of its recorded history, the country’s culture has been primarily Gaels, Gaelic (see Gaelic Ireland). Strong family values, wit and an appreciation for tradition are commonly associated with Irish culture. Irish culture has been greatly influenced by Christianity, most notably by the Catholic Church, Roman Catholic Church, and Religion in the Republic of Ireland, religion plays a significant role in the lives of many Irish people. Today, there are often notable cultural differences between those of Roman Catholicism in Ireland, Catholic, Protestantism in Ireland, Protestant and Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox background. References to God can be found i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anglo-Norman Language
Anglo-Norman (; ), also known as Anglo-Norman French, was a dialect of Old Norman that was used in Kingdom of England, England and, to a lesser extent, other places in Great Britain and Ireland during the Anglo-Normans, Anglo-Norman period. Origin The term "Anglo-Norman" harks back to the time when the language was regarded as being primarily the regional dialect of the Norman settlers. Today the generic term "Anglo-French" is used instead to reflect not only the broader origin of the settlers who came with William the Conqueror, but also the continued influence of Parisian French from the House of Plantagenet, Plantagenet period onwards. According to some linguists, the name Insular French might be more suitable, because "Anglo-Norman" is constantly associated with the notion of a mixed language based on English and Norman. According to some, such a mixed language never existed. Other sources, however, indicate that such a language did exist, and that it was the language desc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle English
Middle English (abbreviated to ME) is a form of the English language that was spoken after the Norman Conquest of 1066, until the late 15th century. The English language underwent distinct variations and developments following the Old English period. Scholarly opinion varies, but the University of Valencia states the period when Middle English was spoken as being from 1150 to 1500. This stage of the development of the English language roughly coincided with the High Middle Ages, High and Late Middle Ages. Middle English saw significant changes to its vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, and orthography. Writing conventions during the Middle English period varied widely. Examples of writing from this period that have survived show extensive regional variation. The more standardized Old English literary variety broke down and writing in English became fragmented and localized and was, for the most part, being improvised. By the end of the period (about 1470), and aided by the movabl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catch And Release Sign Ireland Multiple Languages
Catch may refer to: In sports * Catch (game), children's game * Catch (baseball), a maneuver in baseball * Catch (cricket), a mode of dismissal in cricket * Catch or reception (gridiron football) * Catch, part of a rowing stroke * Catch wrestling, a combat sport * Catch, anglicism for professional wrestling in many non-Anglophone European countries In music * Catch (music), a form of round * Catch (band), an English band * C. C. Catch (born 1964), Dutch-born German pop singer Albums * ''Catch'', 1969 self titled album by Catch * ''Catch'' (Misako Odani album), 2006 * ''Catch!'' (Tsuji Shion album) * ''Catch'', a 2002 electronic album by Kosheen Songs * "Catch" (The Cure song), 1987 * "Catch" (Kosheen song), 2000 * "Catch" (Allie X song) * "Catch" (Brett Young song), 2019 Other uses * Catch or latch, a device to close a door or window * catch, a computer-language command in exception handling syntax * ''Catch'', an Indian web news magazine owned by Rajasthan Patrik ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
