Kurdish–Turkish Conflict

picture info	Kurdish–Turkish Conflict Kurdish nationalism, Kurdish nationalist uprisings have periodically occurred in Turkey, beginning with the Turkish War of Independence and the consequent transition from the Ottoman Empire to the modern Turkish state and continuing to the present day with the Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present), current PKK–Turkey conflict. According to Ottoman military records, Timeline of Kurdish uprisings, Kurdish rebellions have been occurring in Anatolia for over two centuries, While large tribal Kurdish revolts had shaken the Ottoman Empire during the last decades of its existence, the modern phase of the conflict is believed to have begun in 1922, with the emergence of Kurdish nationalism which occurred in parallel with the formation of the modern State of Turkey. In 1925, an Sheikh Said rebellion, uprising for an independent Kurdistan, led by Sheikh Said, Shaikh Said Piran, was quickly put down , and soon afterward, Said and 36 of his followers were executed. Other large-scale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Kurdistan Freedom Hawks The Kurdistan Freedom Hawks or TAK ( ku, Teyrêbazên Azadiya Kurdistan), is a Kurdish nationalist militant group in Turkey seeking an independent Kurdish state in Turkish Kurdistan (eastern and southeastern Turkey). The group also opposes the Turkish government's policies towards Kurds in Turkey. The group presents itself as a break-away faction of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) in open dissent with the PKK's readiness to compromise with the Turkish state. The PKK distances itself from the TAK, stating that the Turkish government uses the TAK to portray the PKK as a terrorist organization in the international arena, that the PKK only targets the Turkish Armed Forces or their proxies, that it always takes responsibility for its attacks, and that there are no links between the PKK and TAK. Analysts and experts disagree on whether or not the two groups are in reality linked. The group first appeared in August 2004, just weeks after the PKK called off the 1999 truce, assuming re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Osman Pamukoğlu Osman Pamukoğlu (born December 27, 1947) is a retired major general of the Turkish Army, author and politician who founded the Rights and Equality Party The Rights and Equality Party ( tr, Hak ve Eşitlik Partisi, HEPAR) was a political party in Turkey, founded on 4 September 2008 by Osman Pamukoğlu, a former army general known for his military successes against the Kurdistan Workers' Party in t ... on September 4, 2008 in remembrance of the Congress of Sivas. He holds the title of being the only general in the Turkish Army honored with five medals of "Establishment of Superior Troops". He also received two medals of High Courage and Sacrifice and other less significant awards during his service. He also holds the title of being the only general who fought amongst his soldiers, after Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. On July 28, 2008, he declared a statement on his personal website about the state of the circumstance in which Turkey was, and guiding principles and promised actions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Salih Omurtak Salih Omurtak (1889–23 June 1954) was a Turkish general and the fourth Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces. Biography He was born 1889 in Thessaloniki, in the Salonica Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire (present-day Greece). He graduated from the Military College in 1907 with the rank of a lieutenant. After finishing the Staff College in 1910, he became a staff officer and served at several headquarters in the Ottoman Army. Deployed to Ankara on 22 January 1920, he joined the Turkish revolutionaries and commanded various troops during and after the Turkish War of Independence, including the 61st Division. He was promoted to the rank of the Mirliva in 1926, and in 1930, he became a Ferik. From 1940 on, Omurtak held the commander-in-chief post of the First Army in the rank of the Orgeneral (four-star general). He was appointed Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces on 1 August 1946 following the resignation of Kazım Orbay, and served at thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	İzzettin Çalışlar İzzettin Çalışlar (1882 in Yanya ( Ioannina), Janina Vilayet – August 20, 1951 in Istanbul) was an officer of the Ottoman Army and a general of the Turkish Army. He also served as a politician and was a prominent member of the Kemalist Kemalism ( tr, Kemalizm, also archaically ''Kamâlizm''), also known as Atatürkism ( tr, Atatürkçülük, Atatürkçü düşünce), or The Six Arrows ( tr, Altı Ok), is the founding official ideology of the Republic of Turkey.Eric J. Zurche ... movement. Works ''İstiklâl Harbi Hatıraları'' ''II nci İnönü Muharebesinde 61 nci Fırka'', 1932. ''61 nci Fırkanın Gediz ve Kütahya Muharebeleri'', 1932. ''Sakarya Meydan Muharebesinde 1 nci Grup'', 1932. ''Sakarya'dan İzmir'e kadar I inci Kolordu'', 1932. İzzettin Çalışlar (ed. İsmet Görgülü), ''Atatürk'le İkibuçuk Yıl – Orgeneral Çalışlar'ın anıları'', Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 1993. * İzzettin Çalışlar (ed.: İsmet Görgülü), ''On Yıllık Savaş� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	İbrahim Tali Öngören İbrahim Tali Öngören (1875–1952) was a Turkish military officer and politician. Education and early life He attended the medical academy of the Ottoman military and during the Turco-Italian war he was deployed to Tripolitania where he met Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) in 1911. While preparation towards World War I were met, he was assigned the Deputy Chief of the Health Department of the Ottoman Army in 1914. He was promoted to Colonel in June 1915. As such he served in Çanakkale and Sedd el Bahr, later he stationed in the city of Diyarbakır where he met Atatürk again in 1916. He was shortly assigned as the Medical Inspector to the Ottoman Army in the Caucasus but upon his return to Istanbul, he became the Inspector for the Ottoman soldiers in treatment in the German Empire. In Germany he attended a medical congress on infectious illnesses, representing the Ottoman Empire. He became an adherent to the Kemalist ideology, was one of the military officers who supported Mustafa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Fevzi Çakmak Mustafa Fevzi Çakmak (12 January 1876 – 10 April 1950) was a Turkish field marshal ('' Mareşal'') and politician. He served as the Chief of General Staff from 1918 and 1919 and later the Minister of War of the Ottoman Empire in 1920. He later joined the provisional Government of the Grand National Assembly and became the Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of National Defense and later as the Prime Minister of Turkey from 1921 to 1922. He was the second Chief of the General Staff of the provisional Ankara Government and the first Chief of the General Staff of the Republic of Turkey. Graduating from the War College as a Staff Captain and assigned to the 4th Department of the General Staff, Mustafa Fevzi participated in numerous battles during the prolonged downfall of the Ottoman Empire, such as the First Balkan War and the Battle of Monastir. He was engaged as the Commander of the V Corps throughout the defence of Gallipoli, during which his younger brother was killed in the B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Kâzım Orbay Mehmet Kâzım Orbay (11 March 1887 – 3 June 1964) was a Turkish general and senator. He served as the third Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces. Biography Kâzım Orbay was born in Smyrna (present day: İzmir), Ottoman Empire in 1887. He graduated from Mühendishâne-i Berrî-i Hümâyûn (Imperial School of Military Engineering) and joined the army in the rank of an artillery lieutenant in 1904. After finishing the Staff College in 1907, he became a staff officer. In 1908, he attended military courses in Germany. In 1912-1913, he fought in the Balkan Wars. He was appointed chief adjutant of the Ministry of War in the Ottoman cabinet and served under Enver Pasha during World War I. In 1915, he was the Ottoman representative in the Niedermayer–Hentig Expedition to Afghanistan. He presented to Emir Habibullah Khan the Ottoman Sultan's declaration of ''jihad'': a call to all Islamic peoples (including Afghanistan) to join the Central Powers and attack the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	İsmet İnönü Mustafa İsmet İnönü (; 24 September 1884 – 25 December 1973) was a Turkish army officer and statesman of Kurdish descent, who served as the second President of Turkey from 11 November 1938 to 22 May 1950, and its Prime Minister three times: from 1923 to 1924, 1925 to 1937, and 1961 to 1965. İnönü is acknowledged by many as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's right-hand man, with their friendship going back to the Gallipoli campaign. In the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922, he served as the first Chief of the General Staff ( tr, Erkân-ı Harbiye-i Umumiye Reis Vekili) from 1922 to 1924 for the regular Turkish army, during which he commanded the forces of the battles of First and Second İnönü. Mustafa Kemal bestowed İsmet with the surname İnönü, where the battles took place, when the 1934 Surname Law was adopted. He was also chief negotiator in the Mudanya and Lausanne conferences for the Ankara government, successfully negotiating away the Sevre treaty for the Trea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Naci Eldeniz Abdüllâtif Naci Eldeniz (1875 – March 20, 1948) was an officer of the Ottoman Army The military of the Ottoman Empire ( tr, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun silahlı kuvvetleri) was the armed forces of the Ottoman Empire. Army The military of the Ottoman Empire can be divided in five main periods. The foundation era covers the ..., a general of the Turkish Army, and a politician of the Republic of Turkey.Türk Parlamento Tarihi Araştırma Grubu, ''Türk Parlamento Tarihi, III. Dönem 1927–1931 – III. Cilt: III. Dönem Milletvekillerin Özgeçmişleri'', Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Vakfı Yayınları, Ankara, 1995, , pp. 168–169. Works ''Tapsıra'' ''Transval'' ''Rus-Japon Harbi'' ''Mukden Muharebesi'' (translation) ''Sevk ve Muharebe Talimnamesi'' (translation) ''Rumeli Mersiyesi'' (poem) Medals and decorations Order of the Medjidie 2nd class Silver Imtiyaz Medal, Medal of Imtiyaz Austria-Hungary Military Merit Medal (Austria-Hungary) Prussia Order ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Mürsel Bakû Mürsel Bakû (1881; Erzurum – 2 February 1945; Istanbul) was an officer of the Ottoman Army and a general of the Turkish Army. Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World war I, he was arrested in January 1919, prosecuted for war crimes and deported to Malta as one of the Malta Exiles. After his return from detention in Malta, he was the general of the Seventh Army, which took part in the defense of Diyarbakır during the Sheikh Said Rebellion in 1924–1925. See also List of high-ranking commanders of the Turkish War of Independence This list includes high-ranking commanders who took part in the Turkish War of Independence: See also Turkish State Cemetery#Burials * List of recipients of the Medal of Independence with Red-Green Ribbon (Turkey) This list includes rec ... Sources 1881 births 1945 deaths People from Erzurum People from Erzurum vilayet Ottoman Military Academy alumni Ottoman Military College alumni Ottoman Army officers Ottoman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Kâzım İnanç Kâzım İnanç (1880; Diyarbakır, Diyarbekir Vilayet - 21 September 1938; Ankara) was an officer of the Ottoman Army and a general of the Turkish Army. He was of Kurdish origin.Çanakkale cephesinde Kazım İnanç (in Turkish) See also * List of high-ranking commanders of the Turkish War of Independence This list includes high-ranking commanders who took part in the Turkish War of Independence: See also * Turkish State Cemetery#Burials * List of reci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]

See also