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Kadu Languages
The Kadu languages, also known as Kadugli–Krongo or Tumtum, are a small language family of the Kordofanian languages, Kordofanian geographic grouping, once included in Niger–Congo. However, since Thilo C. Schadeberg, Thilo Schadeberg (1981), Kadu is widely seen as Nilo-Saharan. Evidence for a Niger-Congo affiliation is rejected, and a Nilo-Saharan relationship is controversial. A conservative classification would treat the Kadu languages as an independent family. Classification Blench (2006) notes that Kadu languages share similarities with multiple African language phyla, including Niger-Congo and Nilo-Saharan, suggesting a complex history of linguistic convergence and contact. However, more recently, Blench states that Kadu is almost certainly Nilo-Saharan, with its closest relationship being with Eastern Sudanic languages, Eastern Sudanic. Like the Nilotic languages, Nilotic, Surmic languages, Surmic, and Kuliak languages, Kuliak languages, Kadu languages have verb-initia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sak Language
Sak (also known as Cak, Chak, or Tsak) is a Sino-Tibetan languages, Sino-Tibetan language of the Sal languages, Sal branch spoken in Bangladesh and Myanmar by the Chak people. Geographical distribution Cak is spoken in Bangladesh by about 3,000 people and in Rakhine State, Burma by about 1,000 people according to ''Ethnologue''. In Bangladesh, Cak is spoken in Baishari, Naikhyongchari, and Dochari (Huziwara 2018). In Rakhine State, Burma, Sak is spoken in Maungdaw, Buthidaung, Rathedaung, and Mrauk U townships (Huziwara 2018). The Baishari dialect is the most conservative one (Huziwara 2018). According to ''Ethnologue'', in Bangladesh, Chak is spoken in 14 villages in: *Chittagong Division: Baishari, Bandarban, Bishar Chokpra *Southern Naikhongchhari Upazila, Naikhongchari area in the Arakan Mountains, Arakan Blue Mountains Phonology Consonants * Sounds /tsʰ, kʰ, w/ mainly occur from loanwords. */ts, tsʰ, dz/ is also heard as [tʃ, tʃʰ, dʒ] among other dialects. * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuliak Languages
The Kuliak languages, also called the Rub languages,Ehret, Christopher (2001) ''A Historical-Comparative Reconstruction of Nilo-Saharan'' (SUGIA, Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika: Beihefte 12), Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, . or Nyangiyan languages are a group of languages spoken by small relict communities in the mountainous Karamoja region of northeastern Uganda. Nyang'i and Soo are moribund, with a handful of elderly speakers. However, Ik is vigorous and growing. Word order in Kuliak languages is verb-initial.Beer, Sam, Amber McKinney, Lokiru Kosma 2009. ''The So Language: A Grammar Sketch''. m.s. Names The Kuliak languages are also called the Rub languages by Ehret (1981), since Ehret reconstructed "Rub" to mean 'person' in Proto-Kuliak. He suggests that "Kuliak" may actually be a derogatory term used by neighboring Nilotic-speaking peoples to disparage Kuliak speakers as "poor," hence his preference for using Rub instead. However, Kuliak continues to be the most wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kadu Languages
The Kadu languages, also known as Kadugli–Krongo or Tumtum, are a small language family of the Kordofanian languages, Kordofanian geographic grouping, once included in Niger–Congo. However, since Thilo C. Schadeberg, Thilo Schadeberg (1981), Kadu is widely seen as Nilo-Saharan. Evidence for a Niger-Congo affiliation is rejected, and a Nilo-Saharan relationship is controversial. A conservative classification would treat the Kadu languages as an independent family. Classification Blench (2006) notes that Kadu languages share similarities with multiple African language phyla, including Niger-Congo and Nilo-Saharan, suggesting a complex history of linguistic convergence and contact. However, more recently, Blench states that Kadu is almost certainly Nilo-Saharan, with its closest relationship being with Eastern Sudanic languages, Eastern Sudanic. Like the Nilotic languages, Nilotic, Surmic languages, Surmic, and Kuliak languages, Kuliak languages, Kadu languages have verb-initia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lionel Bender (linguist)
Marvin Lionel Bender (August 18, 1934 – February 19, 2008) was an American linguist. Life Bender was born August 18, 1934, in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania. He travelled throughout the world, particularly in Northeast Africa, and was an accomplished chess player. Dr. Bender died of complications from a stroke and brain hemorrhage on February 19, 2008, in Cape Girardeau, Missouri, Cape Girardeau, Missouri. Career Bender wrote and co-wrote several books, publications and essays on the languages of Africa, particularly those spoken in Ethiopia and Sudan, and was a major contributor to Ethiopian Studies. He did extensive work on the Afro-Asiatic languages, Afro-Asiatic and Nilo-Saharan languages, Nilo-Saharan languages spoken locally. Together with J. Donald Bowen, Robert L. Cooper, and Charles A. Ferguson, Bender carried out the Survey of Language Use and Language Teaching in East Africa, funded by the Ford Foundation in 1968-1970. He later conducted other research sponsored by th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tumtum Language
Tumtum is a Nilo-Saharan language of the Kadu branch spoken in South Kordofan, Sudan Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopi .... Dialects are Karondi (Kurondi, Korindi), Talassa, and Tumtum proper. References External links Tumtum basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database Languages of Sudan Kadu languages Severely endangered languages {{ns-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krongo Language
Krongo, also spelled ''Korongo'' or ''Kurungu'' and known as ''Dimodongo, Kadumodi,'' or ''Tabanya'' after local towns, is a Kadu language spoken in the South West of the Nuba Mountains in South Kordofan, Sudan. ''Ethnologue'' lists Angolo, Tabanya, and Toroji in Krongo hills; and Buram, Damaguto, Dar, Dimadragu, and Dimodongo villages. The speakers themselves refer to the language as “nìinò mó-dì”, meaning “language from home”. According to research from 1985, Krongo speakers are usually farmers and live off of cultivating crops like sorghum, beans, sesame, peanuts and corn as well as keeping animals like cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and chickens. A survey from the year 1976 states that other languages spoken in the surveyed region (here referred to as “Krongo” as well) are Arabic, Dinka, Hausa and very small amounts of other African languages. The most common of these is Arabic with 70% of the 443 surveyed people stating to speak the language, although most of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanga Language
Kanga is a Nilo-Saharan language of the Kadu branch spoken in South Kordofan, Sudan Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopi .... The Kufa-Lima dialect is spoken in Bilenya, Dologi, Lenyaguyox, Lima, Kilag, Kufa, Mashaish, and Toole villages, with Toole as the central village. A preliminary grammar of the Kufa-Lima variety (termed "Kufo") has been published recently. A phonological description of the Kufa-Lima variety (termed "Kufo") has been developed, and the vowel inventory has been investigated with acoustic phonetic evidence. References External links Kanga basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database Languages of Sudan Kadu languages Severely endangered languages {{ns-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keiga Language
Keiga, Yega, or Deiga is a Nilo-Saharan language of the Kadu branch spoken in South Kordofan, Sudan Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopi .... Dialects are Demik (Rofik) and Keiga proper (Aigang). Keiga is a VSO language. Reh (1994) instead uses the name ''Deiga'' or ''Dayga'', with a prefix ''d''- instead of the place prefix ''k''-. Demographics Stevenson (1956; 1957) originally called the language ''Keiga'', after the places where it is mainly spoken, namely Keiga Timmero, Keiga al-Kheil and Keiga Lubun. The local name for the language is ''sani m-aigaŋ'' 'speech of Keiga' (Stevenson 1956: 104). Stevenson (1956: 104) considers it to be a language cluster consisting of two dialects, ''Keiga proper'' and ''Demik'', with a total number of approximately 7,520 speakers (w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tulishi Language
Tulishi (Kuntulishi, Thulishi, Tulesh) is a Kadu language spoken in South Kordofan. Dialects are Tulishi proper and Kamdang. Dialects and locations ''Ethnologue'' (22nd edition) lists dialects as: *Tulishi, Kamda (Kamdang) *Dar El Kabira (Logoke, Minjimmina, Truj, Turuj) The Dar el Kabira and Kamdang dialects are reportedly similar. Villages are Aabiisa, Aliyooro Manadaha, Jebels Tulishi, Kamdang, Kirakaati, Laati, Lawwa, Nattilongke, Ntukungnge, and Thudhi in South Kordofan South Kordofan ( ') is one of the 18 States of Sudan, wilayat or states of Sudan. It has an area of 158,355 km2 and an estimated population of approximately 2,107,623 people (2018 est). Kaduqli is the capital of the state. It is centered on t ... state. References External links Tulishi basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database Languages of Sudan Kadu languages Severely endangered languages {{ns-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of The Nuba Mountains
The Nuba Mountains, located in the West Kordofan and South Kordofan states in the south of Sudan, are inhabited by a diverse set of populations (collectively known as Nuba peoples) speaking various languages not closely related to one another. The vast diversity of languages among the Nuba Mountains indicates that the mountains served as a retreat area by many people in the past.Thelwall, R., T., & te Leiden, R. (n.d.). The Linguistic Settlement of the Nuba Mountains. Retrieved February 11, 2016, from http://www.occasionalwitness.com/related/nuba/02Culture02settlement.htm Languages In addition to Sudanese Arabic, around 42 other languages are spoken in the Nuba Mountains. They belong to the Daju, Hill Nubian, Kadu, Katla, Lafofa, Nyima, Rashad, Talodi–Heiban and Temein language groups. Five of these families (Daju, Hill Nubian, Kadu, Nyima and Temein) belong to the Nilo-Saharan language family, while four (Katla, Lafofa, Rashad and Talodi–Heiban) belong to the Ni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surmic Languages
The Surmic languages are a branch of the Eastern Sudanic language family. Today, the various peoples who speak Surmic languages make their living in a variety of ways, including nomadic herders, settled farmers, and slash and burn farmers. They live in a variety of terrain, from the lowlands of South Sudan and the banks of the Omo River to mountains over 2,300 meters. Languages According to the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, the Surmic languages are classified as follows: * Surmic ** Majang ** South Surmic *** Southeast Surmic **** Kwegu **** Pastoral Surmic ***** Me'en ***** Tirma–Chai–Mursi ****** Mursi ****** Tirma–Chai *** Southwest Surmic **** Baale–Olam ***** Kacipo–Balesi ***** Ngaalam **** Didinga–Murle ***** Didinga–Longarim ****** Didinga ****** Narim ***** Murle ***** Tennet The Surmic languages are found in southwest Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
