|
Kadu Languages
The Kadu languages, also known as Kadugli–Krongo or Tumtum, are a small language family of the Kordofanian geographic grouping, once included in Niger–Congo. However, since Thilo Schadeberg (1981), Kadu is widely seen as Nilo-Saharan. Evidence for a Niger-Congo affiliation is rejected, and a Nilo-Saharan relationship is controversial. A conservative classification would treat the Kadu languages as an independent family. Classification Blench (2006) notes that Kadu languages share similarities with multiple African language phyla, including Niger-Congo and Nilo-Saharan, suggesting a complex history of linguistic convergence and contact. However, more recently, Blench states that Kadu is almost certainly Nilo-Saharan, with its closest relationship being with Eastern Sudanic. Like the Nilotic, Surmic, and Kuliak, Kadu languages have verb-initial word order. However, most other languages of the Nuba Mountains, Darfur, and the Sudan-Ethiopia border region have verb-final word or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sak Language
Sak (also known as Cak, Chak, or Tsak) is a Sino-Tibetan languages, Sino-Tibetan language of the Sal languages, Sal branch spoken in Bangladesh and Myanmar. Geographical distribution Cak is spoken in Bangladesh by about 3,000 people and in Rakhine State, Burma by about 1,000 people according to ''Ethnologue''. In Bangladesh, Cak is spoken in Baishari, Naikhyongchari, and Dochari (Huziwara 2018). In Rakhine State, Burma, Sak is spoken in Maungdaw, Buthidaung, Rathedaung, and Mrauk U townships (Huziwara 2018). The Baishari dialect is the most conservative one (Huziwara 2018). According to ''Ethnologue'', in Bangladesh, Chak is spoken in 14 villages in: *Chittagong Division: Baishari, Bandarban, Bishar Chokpra *Southern Naikhongchhari Upazila, Naikhongchari area in the Arakan Mountains, Arakan Blue Mountains Phonology Consonants * Sounds /tsʰ, kʰ, w/ mainly occur from loanwords. */ts, tsʰ, dz/ is also heard as [tʃ, tʃʰ, dʒ] among other dialects. *[ɲ] occurs as a real ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of The Nuba Mountains
The Nuba Mountains, located in the West Kordofan and South Kordofan states in the south of Sudan, are inhabited by a diverse set of populations (collectively known as Nuba peoples) speaking various languages not closely related to one another. The vast diversity of languages among the Nuba Mountains indicates that the mountains served as a retreat area by many people in the past.Thelwall, R., T., & te Leiden, R. (n.d.). The Linguistic Settlement of the Nuba Mountains. Retrieved February 11, 2016, from http://www.occasionalwitness.com/related/nuba/02Culture02settlement.htm Languages In addition to Sudanese Arabic, around 42 other languages are spoken in the Nuba Mountains. They belong to the Daju, Hill Nubian, Kadu, Katla, Lafofa, Nyima, Rashad, Talodi–Heiban and Temein language groups. Five of these families (Daju, Hill Nubian, Kadu, Nyima and Temein) belong to the Nilo-Saharan language family, while four (Katla, Lafofa, Rashad and Talodi–Heiban) belong to the Niger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kadu Languages
The Kadu languages, also known as Kadugli–Krongo or Tumtum, are a small language family of the Kordofanian geographic grouping, once included in Niger–Congo. However, since Thilo Schadeberg (1981), Kadu is widely seen as Nilo-Saharan. Evidence for a Niger-Congo affiliation is rejected, and a Nilo-Saharan relationship is controversial. A conservative classification would treat the Kadu languages as an independent family. Classification Blench (2006) notes that Kadu languages share similarities with multiple African language phyla, including Niger-Congo and Nilo-Saharan, suggesting a complex history of linguistic convergence and contact. However, more recently, Blench states that Kadu is almost certainly Nilo-Saharan, with its closest relationship being with Eastern Sudanic. Like the Nilotic, Surmic, and Kuliak, Kadu languages have verb-initial word order. However, most other languages of the Nuba Mountains, Darfur, and the Sudan-Ethiopia border region have verb-final word or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lionel Bender (linguist)
Marvin Lionel Bender (August 18, 1934 – February 19, 2008) was an American linguist. Life Bender was born August 18, 1934, in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania. He travelled throughout the world, particularly in Northeast Africa, and was an accomplished chess player. Dr. Bender died of complications from a stroke and brain hemorrhage on February 19, 2008 in Cape Girardeau, Missouri. Career Bender wrote and co-wrote several books, publications and essays on the languages of Africa, particularly those spoken in Ethiopia and Sudan, and was a major contributor to Ethiopian Studies. He did extensive work on the Afro-Asiatic and Nilo-Saharan languages spoken locally. Together with J. Donald Bowen, Robert L. Cooper, and Charles A. Ferguson, Bender carried out the Survey of Language Use and Language Teaching in East Africa, funded by the Ford Foundation in 1968-1970. He later conducted other research sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Among other works, his books include ''Amh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tumtum Language
Tumtum is a Kadu language spoken in Kordofan Kordofan ( ar, كردفان ') is a former province of central Sudan. In 1994 it was divided into three new federal states: North Kordofan, South Kordofan and West Kordofan. In August 2005, West Kordofan State was abolished and its territory di .... Dialects are Karondi (Kurondi, Korindi), Talassa, and Tumtum proper. References External links Tumtum basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database Languages of Sudan Kadu languages Severely endangered languages {{ns-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krongo Language
Krongo, also spelled ''Korongo'' or ''Kurungu'' and known as ''Dimodongo, Kadumodi,'' or ''Tabanya'' after local towns, is a Kadu language spoken in Kordofan Kordofan ( ar, كردفان ') is a former province of central Sudan. In 1994 it was divided into three new federal states: North Kordofan, South Kordofan and West Kordofan. In August 2005, West Kordofan State was abolished and its territory di .... Fama is a dialect. ''Ethnologue'' (22nd edition) lists Angolo, Tabanya, and Toroji in Krongo hills; and Buram, Damaguto, Dar, Dimadragu, and Dimodongo villages. References External links Krongo basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database Definitely endangered languages Languages of Sudan Kadu languages {{ns-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kadugli Language
Kadugli, also Katcha-Kadugli-Miri or Central Kadu, is a Kadu language or dialect cluster spoken in Kordofan. Stevenson treats the varieties as dialects of one language, and they share a single ISO code, though Schadeberg (1989) treats them as separate languages. Dialects There are five commonly cited varieties. Three of them are rather divergent, on the verge of being distinct languages: *Katcha ''(Tolubi, Dholubi)'' *Kadugli proper ''(Dakalla, Talla, Dhalla, Toma Ma Dalla, Kudugli, Morta)'' *Miri However, they share a single orthography and use the same literacy materials (''Ethnologue''). Of the two other commonly cited varieties, ''Damba'' is somewhat closer to Kadugli, while ''Tumma'' appears to be a (sub)dialect of Katcha. Villages in which the dialects are spoken according to the 22nd edition of ''Ethnologue'': *''Katcha'' dialect: Belanya, Dabakaya, Farouq, Kafina, Katcha, and Tuna villages *''Kadugli'' dialect: ’Daalimo, Kadugli, Kulba, Murta, Takko, and Thappare vil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanga Language
Kanga is a Kadu language spoken in Kordofan Kordofan ( ar, كردفان ') is a former province of central Sudan. In 1994 it was divided into three new federal states: North Kordofan, South Kordofan and West Kordofan. In August 2005, West Kordofan State was abolished and its territory di .... Kufo, Abu Sinun, Chiroro, Krongo Abdullah, and Kanga proper are dialects. The Kufa-Lima dialect is spoken in Bilenya, Dologi, Lenyaguyox, Lima, Kilag, Kufa, Mashaish, and Toole villages, with Toole as the central village (''Ethnologue'', 22nd edition). A preliminary grammar of the Kufa-Lima variety (termed "Kufo") has been published recently. References External links Kanga basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database Languages of Sudan Kadu languages Severely endangered languages {{ns-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keiga Language
Keiga, Yega, or Deiga is a Kadu language spoken in Kordofan Kordofan ( ar, كردفان ') is a former province of central Sudan. In 1994 it was divided into three new federal states: North Kordofan, South Kordofan and West Kordofan. In August 2005, West Kordofan State was abolished and its territory di .... Dialects are Demik (Rofik) and Keiga proper (Aigang). Keiga is a VSO language. Reh (1994) instead uses the name ''Deiga'' or ''Dayga'', with a prefix ''d''- instead of the place prefix ''k''-. Demographics Stevenson (1956; 1957) originally called the language ''Keiga'', after the places where it is mainly spoken, namely Keiga Timmero, Keiga al-Kheil and Keiga Lubun. The local name for the language is ''sani m-aigaŋ'' 'speech of Keiga' (Stevenson 1956: 104). Stevenson (1956: 104) considers it to be a language cluster consisting of two dialects, ''Keiga proper'' and ''Demik'', with a total number of approximately 7,520 speakers (with 1,504 taxpayers).Stevenson, Roland C. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tulishi Language
Tulishi (Kuntulishi, Thulishi, Tulesh) is a Kadu language spoken in Kordofan. Dialects are Tulishi proper and Kamdang. Dialects and locations ''Ethnologue'' (22nd edition) lists dialects as: *Tulishi, Kamda (Kamdang) *Dar El Kabira (Logoke, Minjimmina, Truj, Turuj) The Dar el Kabira and Kamdang dialects are reportedly similar. Villages are Aabiisa, Aliyooro Manadaha, Jebels Tulishi, Kamdang, Kirakaati, Laati, Lawwa, Nattilongke, Ntukungnge, and Thudhi in South Kordofan South Kordofan ( ar, جنوب كردفان ') is one of the 18 wilayat or states of Sudan. It has an area of 158,355 km² and an estimated population of approximately 1,100,000 people (2000). [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuliak Languages
The Kuliak languages, also called the Rub languages,Ehret, Christopher (2001) ''A Historical-Comparative Reconstruction of Nilo-Saharan'' (SUGIA, Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika: Beihefte 12), Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, . are a group of languages spoken by small relict communities in the mountainous Karamoja region of northeastern Uganda. Nyang'i and Soo are moribund, with 20 and 50 elderly speakers respectively. However, Ik is vigorous and growing. Word order in Kuliak languages is verb-initial.Beer, Sam, Amber McKinney, Lokiru Kosma 2009. ''The So Language: A Grammar Sketch''. m.s. Names The Kuliak languages are also called the Rub languages by Ehret (1981), since Ehret reconstructed "Rub" to mean 'person' in Proto-Kuliak. He suggests that "Kuliak" may actually be a derogatory term used by neighboring Nilotic-speaking peoples to disparage Kuliak speakers as "poor," hence his preference for using Rub instead. However, Kuliak continues to be the most widely used name, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
