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Infrastructure In London
The utility infrastructure of London, England comprises a range of services and facilities that support and enable the functioning of London as a world city. Infrastructure includes facilities associated with products and materials that are consumed such as electricity, gas, water, heating and liquid fuels; materials that are produced such as sewage and solid waste; and facilities that enable communication and connectivity – telecommunications. The historical background of the infrastructure provides the context of how these facilities are structured and currently operate. Electricity History Early electricity supplies in London were for public, commercial and domestic lighting. The generation and supply of electricity required authorisation from the Board of Trade. Such authorisation generally limited an electricity undertaking (a company, local authority or person) to a municipal authority area. The first sustainable long-term undertaking in London was the London Electrici ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infrastructure
Infrastructure is the set of facilities and systems that serve a country, city, or other area, and encompasses the services and facilities necessary for its economy, households and firms to function. Infrastructure is composed of public and private physical structures such as roads, railways, bridges, tunnels, water supply, sewers, electrical grids, and telecommunications (including Internet connectivity and broadband access). In general, infrastructure has been defined as "the physical components of interrelated systems providing commodities and services essential to enable, sustain, or enhance societal living conditions" and maintain the surrounding environment. Especially in light of the massive societal transformations needed to mitigate and adapt to climate change, contemporary infrastructure conversations frequently focus on sustainable development and green infrastructure. Acknowledging this importance, the international community has created policy focused on susta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Woolwich Power Station
Woolwich Power Station was a coal-fired power station on the south bank of the Thames at Woolwich. History The first station was opened at the site in 1893 by the ''Woolwich District Electric Lighting Company'' adapted from boat repair shops, and subsequently taken over by the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich. During later construction work in 1912 the timbers of a Tudor warship believed to be Henry VII's 1488 ship ''Sovereign'' were uncovered on the site. The station was redeveloped in the 1920s and again in the 1940s and 1950s, ultimately having three fluted brick chimneys on the east side of the station. It occupied a site of just over seven and a half acres. In 1906 alternating current and direct current was being supplied generated by a 2.5 MW machine supplied by C.A. Parsons Ltd. Between 1912 and 1917 additional plant was installed ranging from 1.5 MW to 6 MW capacity. The generating capacity, maximum load, and electricity generated and sold was as follows: The coal use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electricity Act 1989
The Electricity Act 1989 (c. 29) provided for the privatisation of the electricity supply industry in Great Britain, by replacing the Central Electricity Generating Board in England and Wales and by restructuring the South of Scotland Electricity Board and the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board. The Act also established a licensing regime and a regulator for the industry called the Office of Electricity Regulation (OFFER), which has since become the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets (OFGEM). Background The liberalisation and privatisation of the energy markets in the United Kingdom began with the Margaret Thatcher government in the 1980s. This has been called the Thatcher-Lawson agenda, due to the key role of Nigel Lawson the Chancellor of the Exchequer (1983–89) in the Thatcher cabinet. The Government recognised that the electricity industries in Europe and the United States operated successfully under private ownership. In contrast the Central Electricity Generatin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Electricity Generating Board
The Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB) was responsible for electricity generation, transmission and bulk sales in England and Wales from 1958 until privatisation of the electricity industry in the 1990s. It was established on 1 January 1958 to assume the functions of the Central Electricity Authority (1955–7), which had in turn replaced the British Electricity Authority (1948–55). The Electricity Council was also established in January 1958, as the coordinating and policy-making body for the British electricity supply industry. Responsibilities The CEGB was responsible for electricity generation, transmission and bulk sales in England and Wales, whilst in Scotland electricity generation was carried out by the South of Scotland Electricity Board and the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board. The CEGB's duty was to develop and maintain an efficient, coordinated and economical system of supply of electricity in bulk for England and Wales, and for that purpose t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Electricity Authority
The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) was a body that managed and operated the electricity supply industry in England and Wales between 1 April 1955 and 31 December 1957. The CEA replaced the earlier British Electricity Authority (BEA) as a result of the Electricity Reorganisation (Scotland) Act 1954, which moved responsibility for Scottish electricity supply to the Scottish Office. Structure The structure of the management board and the personnel in post remained the same as the BEA with the exception of the removal of representation by the chairman of the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board. There was a reduction from 14 to 12 of the number of area electricity boards – the South East Scotland Electricity Board and South West Scotland Electricity Board were removed from the CEA's management. The functions of the remaining area boards were unchanged. Upon its establishment in April 1955 the chairman of the CEA was Lord Citrine; the two deputy chairmen were Sir He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
London Electricity Board
The London Electricity Board was the public sector utility company responsible for the supply and distribution of electricity to domestic, commercial and industrial consumers in London prior to 1990. It also sold and made available for hire and hire-purchase domestic electrical appliances through local showrooms where electricity bills could also be paid. It was shortened to LEB in its green and blue logo, consisting of the three letters. As ''London Electricity plc'' it was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. History The board was formed as the London Electricity Board on 1 April 1948 as part of the nationalisation of the electricity industry by the Electricity Act 1947. The LEB was privatised in 1990 under the Electricity Act 1989, as London Electricity plc. The company was acquired by ''Entergy'', a US company, in 1996 and then by ''Électricité de France'' in November 1998. Notable employees of the business include form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Electricity Authority
The British Electricity Authority (BEA) was established as the central British electricity authority in 1948 under the nationalisation of Great Britain's electricity supply industry enacted by the Electricity Act 1947. The BEA was responsible for the generation, transmission and sale of electricity to area electricity boards, and the development and maintenance of an efficient, coordinated and economical system of electricity supply. History The authority took over the operations of over 600 small public supply power companies, municipal authority electricity departments and the Central Electricity Board to form the BEA, which comprised a central authority and 14 area boards. Its scope did not include control of the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board, which had been founded in 1943 and remained independent of the BEA. The appointment of chairmen and members of the BEA and the area boards were made in August 1947 and the BEA was formally established on 15 August 1947. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electricity Act 1947
The Electricity Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 54.) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which nationalised, or bought into state control, the electricity supply industry in Great Britain. It established a central authority called the British Electricity Authority (BEA) to own and operate all public electricity generation and transmission facilities and created 14 area electricity boards with a duty to acquire bulk supplies of electricity from the central authority and to distribute and sell electricity economically and efficiently to industrial, commercial and domestic consumers. It vested 505 separate local authority and company owned electricity undertakings in the BEA with effect from 1 April 1948. The Electricity Act 1947 is one of a number of Acts promulgated by the post-war Labour government to nationalise elements of the UK’s industrial infrastructure; other Acts include the Coal Industry Nationalisation Act 1946; Transport Act 1947 (railways and long-dista ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nationalization
Nationalization (nationalisation in British English) is the process of transforming privately-owned assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state. Nationalization usually refers to private assets or to assets owned by lower levels of government (such as municipalities) being transferred to the state. Nationalization contrasts with privatization and with demutualization. When previously nationalized assets are privatized and subsequently returned to public ownership at a later stage, they are said to have undergone renationalization. Industries often subject to nationalization include the commanding heights of the economy – telecommunications, electric power, fossil fuels, railways, airlines, iron ore, media, postal services, banks, and water – though, in many jurisdictions, many such entities have no history of private ownership. Nationalization may occur with or without financial compensation to the former ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acton Lane Power Station
Acton Lane Power Station was a power station in London NW10. The station, also known as Willesden power station, was located to the south of the Euston to Birmingham railway on a site bounded by Acton Lane, the Grand Union Canal and the Dudding Hill railway line. In later years the site was extended to the south side of the canal. The entire site is now occupied by Willesden Grid Supply Point buildings. History The first 'A' station was built by the ''Metropolitan Electric Supply Company Limited'' (METESCo) and commissioned in 1899. It was originally called Willesden power station but was later known as Acton Lane to distinguish it from another station called Willesden power station at Taylors Lane. METESCo supplied electricity to Finsbury, Holborn, Paddington, the City of Westminster, Acton, Greenford, Hanwell, Southall and Brentford. The commissioning of the 'A' station enabled smaller less efficient power stations in central London to be closed or reconfigured as distribut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Ham Power Station
West Ham Power Station was a coal-fired power station on Bow Creek (the tidal mouth of the River Lea) at Canning Town, in east London. It was often referred to informally as Canning Town Power Station. History The first power station at Canning Town was opened by West Ham Borough Council in 1904, in part to supply the borough's tramways. It replaced an earlier station built in 1898 at Abbey Mills. The station was extended several times between 1904 and 1930, making West Ham one of the largest municipal electricity suppliers in London. The generating capacity, maximum load, and electricity generated and sold was as follows:CEGB ''Annual Report and Accounts'', various years In 1923 the AC plant comprised: 2 × 600 kW and 1 × 1,200 kW reciprocating engines and generators and 2 × 1,500 kW, 2 × 3,000 kW, 1 × 5,000 kW and 1 × 10,000 kW turbo-alternators. The DC supply was generated by 3 × 500 kW reciprocating engines and generators. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grove Road Power Station
Grove Road power station was an 80.25 MW electricity generating station that operated from 1902 until it was closed in 1969. It was an early example of the co-operation between London electricity companies to centralise electricity generation in a shared, relatively large-scale, and therefore more efficient, power station. The site is now occupied by two major high-voltage electricity sub-stations. History The ''Central Electric Supply Company'' was founded in June 1897. It was promoted by two existing statutory electricity undertakings: the ''Westminster Electric Supply Corporation'' and the ''St. James’ and Pall Mall Electric Lighting Company''. The St. James’ Company had commenced electricity generation and supply to its area of north Westminster in April 1889 and the Westminster Corporation to north and south Westminster in November 1890. Electricity was generated in several small-scale power stations within the companies area of supply, but they wished to produce electr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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