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Holothuriida
Holothuriida is an order of sea cucumbers. Taxa within the order Holothuriida were previously classified in the order Aspidochirotida, which was determined to be polyphyletic in 2017. Some taxa were also reclassified into the clades Synallactida and Persiculida. Description and characteristics Species of the order Holothuriida are distinguished from other sea cucumbers by the presence of flattened, often leaf-like tentacles, but without the other large appendages found in the related order Elasipodida. They do not have introvert or retractor muscles. The tube feet often form a clearly demarcated sole. They have 15-30 shield-shaped retractile tentacles surrounding their mouths. The body wall is thick and leathery and contains ossicles, including some table-shaped ones. They have respiratory trees for gas exchange. The mesentery of the posterior loop of their gut is attached to the right ventral interradius. The muscles that run longitudinally down the body are arranged into five ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holothuriidae
Holothuriidae is a family of sea cucumbers, a type of echinoderm. Description Members of the family Holothuriidae have thick fleshy bodies and several rows of tube feet which are used for moving around and for adhering to the surface. The body is often covered with blunt projections known as papillae. Many of the members of this family are able to eject a mass of fine sticky threads known as cuvierian tubules to distract predators, or even turn their viscera inside out. For the taxonomic determination, the genera '' Actinopyga'' and '' Bohadschia'' have their spicules exclusively shaped like sticks, and the genera ''Holothuria'' and '' Labidodemas'' never have theirs shaped like tables. '' Actinopyga'' is also equipped with anal teeth (modified podia), and never throw out Cuvieran tubules, just like '' Pearsonothuria''. Members of this family occur throughout the oceans of the world at low to middle latitudes. They often live in coral reefs and nearby sandy habitat types, and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holothuroidea
Sea cucumbers are echinoderms from the class Holothuroidea (). They are marine animals with a leathery skin and an elongated body containing a single, branched gonad. Sea cucumbers are found on the sea floor worldwide. The number of holothurian () species worldwide is about 1,717, with the greatest number being in the Asia-Pacific region. Many of these are gathered for human consumption and some species are cultivated in aquaculture systems. The harvested product is variously referred to as '' trepang'', ''namako'', ''bêche-de-mer'', or ''balate''. Sea cucumbers serve a useful role in the marine ecosystem as they help recycle nutrients, breaking down detritus and other organic matter, after which bacteria can continue the decomposition process. Like all echinoderms, sea cucumbers have an endoskeleton just below the skin, calcified structures that are usually reduced to isolated microscopic ossicles (or sclerietes) joined by connective tissue. In some species these can sometim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pearsonothuria Graeffei
''Pearsonothuria'' is a genus of sea cucumbers in the family Holothuriidae. ''Pearsonothuria graeffei'' is the only species in the genus. Graeffe's sea cucumber is found in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean and the type locality is Viti Island, Fiji. Description ''Pearsonothuria graeffei'' is a roughly cylindrical, thin-walled sea cucumber that grows to about in length.Graeffe's sea cucumber Tropical Reefs. Retrieved 2012-02-16. Its mouth, at one end, is surrounded by a ring of up to 24 leaf-like, paddle-shaped tentacles with black stalks which are black on the upper side and white beneath. The anus is at the other end of the body and there are several rows of along the underside. The colour of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labidodemas Rugosum
''Labidodemas rugosum'' is a species of sea cucumber in the family Holothuriidae. It is native to the tropical Indo-Pacific region. Description ''Labidodemas rugosum'' has a distinctive white-pink hue. It is covered in long pinkish-white papillae. Distribution and habitat ''Labidodemas rugosum'' is found off the coasts of Asia and Africa, in the tropical Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. Its range extends from the Red Sea, the east coast of Africa and Madagascar, to India and the Maldives, to Indonesia, northern Australia, the Philippines, Malaysia, New Guinea and other island groups in the western Pacific. It is found in coral reefs, at depths between . Status ''Labidodemas rugosum'' is uncommon, but widespread throughout the Indo-Pacific, and not widely fished. Due to this, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed the conservation status of this sea cucumber as least concern A least-concern species is a species that has been categorized ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bohadschia Argus
''Bohadschia argus'', the leopard sea cucumber, is a species of marine invertebrate in the family Holothuriidae. It is the type species of the genus ''Bohadschia''; Jaeger, 1833. Description ''Bohadschia argus'' is sausage-shaped with a smooth, tough, leathery skin and can grow to in length. It is a greyish-brown colour, paler below, with distinctive dark eye-spots surrounded by white haloes. There are several rows of tube feet on the underside. Surrounding the mouth at the anterior end is a ring of paddle-shaped, black tentacles fringed with white. The anus, at the posterior end, has Cuvierian tubules situated at its base which are readily ejected as sticky threads if the animal is disturbed or handled. These contain toxins which deter predators and are irritating to human skin. ''B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Actinopyga Echinites
''Actinopyga echinites'', commonly known as the brownfish or deep water redfish, is a species of sea cucumber in the family Holothuriidae. It is native to the tropical Indo-Pacific region and is harvested for food. Description ''Actinopyga echinites'' grows to a length of about . It is widest in the middle, tapering slightly at both ends; the dorsal surface is arched while the ventral surface is flattened. The leathery skin is rough, being covered in papillae. The skin is strengthened by the presence of spicules, microscopic spike-like structures, which in this species are shaped like large rods. The colour of this sea cucumber is brown above and orange-brown below, and the upper surface often has sand adhering to it. The anus is surrounded by five beige anal teeth, and the pinkish Cuvierian tubules are occasionally discharged through the anus when the animal is stressed. Distribution and habitat ''Actinopyga echinites'' is found off the coasts of Asia and Africa, in the tropic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holothuria Edulis
''Holothuria edulis'', commonly known as the edible sea cucumber or the pink and black sea cucumber, is a species of echinoderm in the family Holothuriidae. It was placed in the subgenus ''Halodeima'' by Pearson in 1914, making its full scientific name ''Holothuria (Halodeima) edulis''. It is found in shallow water in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean. Description ''Holothuria edulis'' is a medium-sized sea cucumber reaching a length of about . It has a roughly cylindrical shape with rounded ends but can retract and expand its body and adopt different shapes. It is usually soft and pliable with a smooth skin but, due to the special characteristics of its connective tissue, it can become firm and rigid. The body is lined with longitudinal rows of small tube feet which can be withdrawn into the body wall, leaving small hollows. About twenty tube feet in a ring round the mouth are modified into feeding tentacles. This sea cucumber is usually a dark reddish-black colour on its upper sid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesothuriidae
Mesothuriidae is a family of echinoderms belonging to the order Holothuriida Holothuriida is an order of sea cucumbers. Taxa within the order Holothuriida were previously classified in the order Aspidochirotida, which was determined to be polyphyletic in 2017. Some taxa were also reclassified into the clades Synallactida .... Genera There are two genera recognised in the family Mesothuriidae: * '' Mesothuria'' Ludwig, 1894 * '' Zygothuria'' Perrier, 1898 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q17154154 Holothuriida Echinoderm families ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holothuria Hilla
''Holothuria hilla'' is a species of sea cucumber in the subgenus ''Mertensiothuria'' of the genus '' Holothuria''. Some common names include the contractile sea cucumber, the sand sifting sea cucumber and the tigertail sea cucumber, and in Hawaii it is known as the light spotted sea cucumber. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region and the Red Sea. Description ''Holothuria hilla'' is a cylindrical sea cucumber, tapering slightly at the posterior end. It can grow to a length of about and a diameter of . The integument is thin, soft and wrinkled. The dorsal surface is covered with longitudinal rows of tube feet modified into thorn-like conical papillae with broad bases, sometimes joined in pairs. These are creamy-white, in contrast to the pinkish, golden or brown background colour of the skin. The ventral surface is similar in colour but the papillae are ranged in four or five rows and are longer and yellowish. The mouth is on the underside and is surrounded by a ring of twenty, y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesothuria
''Mesothuria'' is a genus of sea cucumbers belonging to the family Synallactidae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution. Species The following species are recognised in the genus ''Mesothuria'': *'' Mesothuria abberviata'' Koehler & Vaney, 1905 *'' Mesothuria abbreviata'' Koehler & Vaney, 1905 *''Mesothuria bifurcata'' Hérouard, 1901 *'' Mesothuria carnosa'' Fisher, 1907 *'' Mesothuria cathedralis'' Heding, 1940 *''Mesothuria crebrapedes ''Mesothuria'' is a genus of sea cucumbers belonging to the family Synallactidae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution. Species The following species are recognised in the genus ''Mesothuria'': *''Mesothuria abberviata'' Koehler & Vaney, 19 ...'' Cherbonnier & Féral, 1981 *'' Mesothuria deani'' Mitsukuri, 1912 *'' Mesothuria edwardensis'' Massin, 1992 *'' Mesothuria gargantua'' Deichmann, 1930 *'' Mesothuria holothurioides'' Sluiter, 1901 *'' Mesothuria incerta'' Koehler & Vaney, 1905 *'' Mesothuria intestinalis'' (Ascanius, 1805) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuvierian Tubules
Cuvierian tubules are clusters of fine tubes located at the base of the respiratory tree in some sea cucumbers in the genera '' Bohadschia'', ''Holothuria'' and '' Pearsonothuria'', all of which are included in the family Holothuriidae. The tubules can be discharged through the anus when the sea cucumber is stressed. They lengthen when they come into contact with seawater and become adhesive when they encounter objects so that they function as a defence against potential predators. They are named after the French zoologist Georges Cuvier, who first described them. Mode of action There may be several hundred Cuvierian tubules which are attached to the left respiratory tree and lie freely in the coelomic fluid in the body cavity. When stressed, the sea cucumber faces away from the attacker and contracts its body wall muscles sharply. This causes the wall of the cloaca to tear and the anus to gape and the free ends of some of the tubes to be ejected. Water from the respiratory tree i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order (biology)
Order ( la, wikt:ordo#Latin, ordo) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between Family_(biology), family and Class_(biology), class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized by the nomenclature codes. An immediately higher rank, superorder, is sometimes added directly above order, with suborder directly beneath order. An order can also be defined as a group of related families. What does and does not belong to each order is determined by a taxonomist, as is whether a particular order should be recognized at all. Often there is no exact agreement, with different taxonomists each taking a different position. There are no hard rules that a taxonomist needs to follow in describing or recognizing an order. Some taxa are accepted almost universally, while others are recognized only rarely. The name of an order is usually written with a capital letter. Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
