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General Elections In Italy
Italian general elections determine the composition of the Italian Parliament. Procedure Elections to the Italian Parliament take place every five years or in the event of its early dissolution. Currently, both chambers of the Italian Parliament, the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic, are elected at the same time by universal and direct suffrage. 147 deputies (members of the Chamber of Deputies) and 74 senators (members of the Senate of the Republic) are elected in single-member constituencies and the rest from party lists. (In addition, there are also several so-called "senators for life". These include former Italian presidents and people appointed by presidential decree in recognition of special service to the country.) Voter and candidate eligibility Any Italian citizen over the age of 18 on the election day is eligible to elect the members of the Italian parliament. In order to be eligible to stand for election to the Chamber of Deputies, an individua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Parliament
The Italian Parliament ( it, Parlamento italiano) is the national parliament of the Italian Republic. It is the representative body of Italian citizens and is the successor to the Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1943), the transitional National Council (1945–1946) and the Constituent Assembly (1946–1948). It is a bicameral legislature with 600 elected members and a small number of unelected members (''senatori a vita''). The Italian Parliament is composed of the Chamber of Deputies (with 400 members or ''deputati'' elected on a national basis), as well as the Senate of the Republic (with 200 members or ''senatori'' elected on a regional basis, plus a small number of senators for life or ''senatori a vita'', either appointed by the President of the Republic or former Presidents themselves, ''ex officio''). The two Houses are independent from one another and never meet jointly except under circumstances specified by the Constitution of Italy. By the Constitution, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1890 Italian General Election
General elections were held in Italy on 23 November 1890, with a second round of voting on 30 November.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1047 The "ministerial" left-wing bloc emerged as the largest in Parliament, winning 401 of the 508 seats. As in 1886, the election was held using small multi-member constituencies with between two and five seats.Nohlen & Stöver, p1030 Background Francesco Crispi was appointed Prime Minister on 29 July 1887. True to his initial progressive leanings he moved ahead with stalled reforms, abolishing the death penalty, revoking anti-strike laws, limiting police powers, reforming the penal code and the administration of justice with the help of his Minister of Justice Giuseppe Zanardelli, reorganising charities and passing public health laws and legislation to protect emigrants that worked abroad. He sought popular support for the state with a programme of orderly development at home and expansion abroad.S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1946 Italian General Election
General elections were held in Italy on Sunday, 2 June 1946.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1047 They were the first after World War II and elected 556 deputies to the Constituent Assembly. Theoretically, a total of 573 deputies were to be elected, but the election did not take place in the Julian March and in South Tyrol, which were under military occupation by the United Nations. For the first time, Italian women were allowed to vote in a national election. It was held concurrently with the 1946 Italian institutional referendum on the abolition of the monarchy. Electoral system To emphasise the restoration of democracy after the fascist era, a pure party-list proportional representation was chosen. Italian provinces were united in 31 constituencies, each electing a group of candidates.The number of seats for each constituency ranged from 1 for Aosta Valley to 36 for Milan. At constituency level, seats were divided between open li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1934 Italian General Election
General elections were held in Italy on 26 March 1934. At the time, the country was a single-party state with the National Fascist Party (PNF) as the only legally permitted party. Following a parliamentary reform enacted in 1928 by the Chamber of Deputies and Senate, the elections were held in the form of a referendum, with the Grand Council of the PNF, now an official state organ, allowed to compose a single party list to be either approved or rejected by the voters. The list put forward was ultimately approved by 99.84% of voters. The overwhelming majority provoked Benito Mussolini to dub the election the "second referendum of Fascism." These would be the last elections of any sort held under Fascist rule. In 1939, the Chamber of Deputies was replaced with the Chamber of Fasces and Corporations, whose members were not elected but instead nominated by party organs. Background In 1929 a concordat with the Vatican was signed, ending decades of struggle between the Italian state ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1929 Italian General Election
General elections were held in Italy on 24 March 1929 to elect the members of the Chamber of Deputies. By this time, the country was a single-party state with the National Fascist Party (PNF) as the only legally permitted party. Following a parliamentary reform enacted in 1928 by the Chamber of Deputies and Senate, the elections were held in the form of a referendum, with the Grand Council of the PNF, now an official state organ, allowed to compose a single party list to be either approved or rejected by the voters. The list put forward was ultimately approved by 98.43% of voters. Electoral system The universal male suffrage, which was legal since 1912, was restricted to men who were members of a trade union or an association, as well as soldiers and members of the clergy. Consequently, only 9.5 million people were able to vote. The election took place in a plebiscite form: voters could vote "Yes" or "No" to approve the list of deputies appointed by the Grand Council of Fascism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1924 Italian General Election
General elections were held in Italy on 6 April 1924 to elect the members of the Chamber of Deputies.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1047 They were held under the Acerbo Law, which stated that the party with the largest share of the votes would automatically receive two-thirds of the seats in Parliament as long as they received over 25% of the vote.Nohlen & Stöver, p1033 The National List of Benito Mussolini (an alliance of Catholic, liberal and conservative political parties) used intimidation tactics against voters, resulting in a landslide victory and a subsequent two-thirds majority. This was the last multi-party election in Italy until 1946. Background On 22 October 1922, the leader of the National Fascist Party Benito Mussolini attempted a ''coup d'état'' which was titled by the Fascist propaganda the March on Rome in which took part almost 30,000 Fascists. The ''quadrumvirs'' leading the Fascist Party, General Emilio De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1921 Italian General Election
General elections were held in Italy on 15 May 1921.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1047 It was the first election in which the recently acquired regions of Trentino-Alto Adige, Venezia Giulia, Zara and Lagosta island elected deputies, many of whom were from the Germanic and South Slavic ethnic groups. Background From 1919 to 1920, Italy was shocked by a period of intense social conflict following the First World War known as the ''Biennio Rosso'' (Red Biennium).Brunella Dalla Casa, ''Composizione di classe, rivendicazioni e professionalità nelle lotte del "biennio rosso" a Bologna'', in: AA. VV, ''Bologna 1920; le origini del fascismo'', a cura di Luciano Casali, Cappelli, Bologna 1982, p. 179. The revolutionary period was followed by the violent reaction of the Fascist Blackshirt militia and eventually by the March on Rome of Benito Mussolini in 1922. The Biennio Rosso took place in a context of economic crisis at the end ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1919 Italian General Election
General elections were held in Italy on 16 November 1919.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1047 The fragmented Liberal governing coalition lost the absolute majority in the Chamber of Deputies, due to the success of the Italian Socialist Party and the Italian People's Party. Background The elections took place in the middle of ''Biennio Rosso'' ("Red Biennium") a two-year period, between 1919 and 1920, of intense social conflict in Italy, following the First World War.Brunella Dalla Casa, ''Composizione di classe, rivendicazioni e professionalità nelle lotte del "biennio rosso" a Bologna'', in: AA. VV, ''Bologna 1920; le origini del fascismo'', a cura di Luciano Casali, Cappelli, Bologna 1982, p. 179. The revolutionary period was followed by the violent reaction of the Fascist blackshirts militia and eventually by the March on Rome of Benito Mussolini in 1922. The ''Biennio Ross''o took place in a context of economic crisis at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1913 Italian General Election
General elections were held in Italy on 26 October 1913, with a second round of voting on 2 November.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1047 The Liberals (the former ''Ministeriali'') narrowly retained an absolute majority in the Chamber of Deputies, while the Radical Party emerged as the largest opposition bloc. Both groupings did particularly well in Southern Italy, while the Italian Socialist Party gained eight seats and was the largest party in Emilia-Romagna.Piergiorgio Corbetta; Maria Serena Piretti, ''Atlante storico-elettorale d'Italia'', Zanichelli, Bologna 2009 However, the election marked the beginning of the decline of Liberal establishment. There were episodes of violence during the election. Background The two historical parliamentary factions, the liberal and progressive Left and the conservative and monarchist Right, formed a single liberal and centrist group, known as Liberal Union, under the leadership of Giovanni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1909 Italian General Election
General elections were held in Italy on 7 March 1909, with a second round of voting on 14 March.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1047 The "ministerial" left-wing bloc remained the largest in Parliament, winning 329 of the 508 seats. Background The right-wing leader Sidney Sonnino succeed to Giolitti's protégé Alessandro Fortis as Prime Minister on 1906. But his cabinet had a short lift; anyway Sonnino formed an alliance with France on the colonial expansion in North Africa. His government lasted only few months. After Sonnino's resignation Giovanni Giolitti returned to power in 1906. Many critics accused Giolitti of manipulating the elections, piling up majorities with the restricted suffrage at the time, using the prefects just as his contenders. However, he did refine the practice in the elections of 1904 and 1909 that gave the liberals secure majorities. In the election, The Right lost his important position in the Parliament ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1904 Italian General Election
General elections were held in Italy on 6 November 1904, with a second round of voting on 13 November.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1047 The "ministerial" left-wing bloc remained the largest in Parliament, winning 339 of the 508 seats. The papal ban on Catholics voting was relaxed for the first time, and three Catholics were elected. Electoral system The election was held using 508 single-member constituencies. However, prior to the election the electoral law was amended so that candidates needed only an absolute majority of votes to win their constituency, abolishing the second requirement of receiving the votes of at least one-sixth of registered voters.Nohlen & Stöver, p1039 Historical background After Giuseppe Saracco resignation as Prime Minister, Giuseppe Zanardelli was appointed as new head of the government; but he was unable to achieve much during his last term of office, as his health was greatly impaired. His Divorce B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1900 Italian General Election
General elections were held in Italy on 3 June 1900, with a second round of voting on 10 June.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1047 The "ministerial" left-wing bloc remained the largest in Parliament, winning 296 of the 508 seats. Background Upon the fall of Antonio Starabba di Rudinì in June 1898, General Luigi Pelloux was entrusted by King Umberto with the formation of a cabinet, and took for himself the post of minister of the interior. He resigned office in May 1899 over his Chinese policy, but was again entrusted with the formation of a government. His new cabinet was essentially military and conservative, the most decisively conservative since 1876. He took stern measures against the revolutionary elements in southern Italy. The Public Safety Bill for the reform of the police laws, taken over by him from the Rudinì cabinet, and eventually promulgated by royal decree. The law made strikes by state employees illegal; gave the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
