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Fuzzy Logic
Fuzzy logic is a form of many-valued logic in which the truth value of variables may be any real number between 0 and 1. It is employed to handle the concept of partial truth, where the truth value may range between completely true and completely false. By contrast, in Boolean algebra, Boolean logic, the truth values of variables may only be the integer values 0 or 1. The term ''fuzzy logic'' was introduced with the 1965 proposal of fuzzy set theory by mathematician Lotfi A. Zadeh, Lotfi Zadeh. Fuzzy logic had, however, been studied since the 1920s, as Łukasiewicz logic, infinite-valued logic—notably by Jan Łukasiewicz, Łukasiewicz and Alfred Tarski, Tarski. Fuzzy logic is based on the observation that people make decisions based on imprecise and non-numerical information. Fuzzy models or fuzzy sets are mathematical means of representing vagueness and imprecise information (hence the term fuzzy). These models have the capability of recognising, representing, manipulating, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Many-valued Logic
Many-valued logic (also multi- or multiple-valued logic) is a propositional calculus in which there are more than two truth values. Traditionally, in Aristotle's Term logic, logical calculus, there were only two possible values (i.e., "true" and "false") for any proposition. Classical two-valued logic may be extended to ''n''-valued logic for ''n'' greater than 2. Those most popular in the literature are Three-valued logic, three-valued (e.g., Jan Łukasiewicz, Łukasiewicz's and Stephen Cole Kleene, Kleene's, which accept the values "true", "false", and "unknown"), four-valued logic, four-valued, nine-valued logic, nine-valued, the finite-valued logic, finite-valued (finitely-many valued) with more than three values, and the infinite-valued logic, infinite-valued (infinitely-many-valued), such as fuzzy logic and probabilistic logic, probability logic. History It is ''wrong'' that the first known classical logician who did not fully accept the law of excluded middle was Aristotle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Degree Of Truth
In classical logic, propositions are typically unambiguously considered as being true or false. For instance, the proposition ''one is both equal and not equal to itself'' is regarded as simply false, being contrary to the Law of Noncontradiction; while the proposition ''one is equal to one'' is regarded as simply true, by the Law of Identity. However, some mathematicians, computer scientists, and philosophers have been attracted to the idea that a proposition might be ''more or less'' true, rather than wholly true or wholly false. Consider ''My coffee is hot''. In mathematics, this idea can be developed in terms of fuzzy logic. In computer science, it has found application in artificial intelligence. In philosophy, the idea has proved particularly appealing in the case of vagueness. Degrees of truth is an important concept in law. The term is an older concept than conditional probability. Instead of determining the objective probability, only a subjective assessment is defined. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |