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Family Policy
Family policy is a social policy regarding the family. Family policy by country * Family policy in Hungary * Family policy in Japan * Family policy in Iceland * Family policy in Ireland * Family policy in the Netherlands * Family policy in Spain * Family policy in the United Kingdom Family policy in the United Kingdom has experienced numerous shifts throughout the nation’s history. Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, the UK had one of the most liberal family planning regimes in Europe, with little state involvement. Ho ... {{Poli-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Policy
Social policy is a plan or action of government or institutional agencies which aim to improve or reform society. Some professionals and universities consider social policy a subset of public policy, while other practitioners characterize social policy and public policy to be two separate, competing approaches for the same public interest (similar to MD and DO in healthcare), with social policy deemed more holistic than public policy. Whichever of these persuasions a university adheres to, social policy begins with the study of the welfare state and social services. It consists of guidelines, principles, legislation and associated activities that affect the living conditions conducive to human welfare, such as a person's quality of life. The Department of Social Policy at the London School of Economics defines social policy as "an interdisciplinary and applied subject concerned with the analysis of societies' responses to social need", which seeks to foster in its students a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family Policy In Hungary
Family policy in Hungary refers to the government measures that have been passed to increase Hungary's birth rate and to stop the decline of the country's population. Hungary has a family policy that seeks to subsidize childcare for new parents. History Hungary's population has been declining since 1980 when the country's population peaked at 10.7 million. It is the country in Europe whose population has been shrinking for the longest time. The main cause is that women on average do not have at least 2.1 or more children, which is needed to keep the population stable (see TFR). No government has reversed this trend since 1980, but there were several visible alterations during the last decades. It fell from 2.17 in 1977 to 1.23 in 2011. The Bokros package, the financial crisis of 2007–2008, and the European debt crisis all accelerated the downward trend. Current situation The Second Orbán Government made saving the nation from the demographic abyss a key aspect and therefo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family Policy In Japan
Family policy in the country of Japan refers to government measures that attempt to increase the national birthrate in order to address Japan's declining population. It is speculated that leading causes of Japan's declining birthrate include the institutional and social challenges Japanese women face when expected to care for children while simultaneously working the long hours expected of Japanese workers. Japanese family policy measures therefore seek to make childcare easier for new parents. History Prewar policies Japanese family policy in the early twentieth century was limited. Japanese industrialisation was originally localised in the textile production sector which relied heavily on the participation of women. This prompted female workers to campaign for the institution of childcare services for employees. In the 1890s, coal mines and spinning factories introduced daycare centers (''kōjō takujisho'') for their workers. These early daycare centers were directed to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family Policy In Iceland
The Icelandic family model can be compared to that of the Anglo-Saxon model in regards to its benefits and the Scandinavian model in regards services. Iceland was seen as a lagging country compared to other European countries in terms of family policy. Family policy in Iceland had been long ignored by its policy makers. Not until 1994 when the United Nations celebrated the Year of Family. After the recognition of the importance of family by the United Nations, Iceland's parliament sought to establish a resolution to the concept of family policy that was gaining greater political attention in Iceland. History Past policies During the 1990s, before the United Nations' Year of Family Iceland was spending roughly 18% GDP on welfare and health care. This percentage was quite low compared to other European countries. This percentage spent on both healthcare and welfare seemed looked even thinner because Iceland has more children per family than other European countries with more p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family Policy In The Republic Of Ireland
Family support is one of the main issues that most social policies in Ireland try to address. Family policies in Ireland are at a higher percentage rate than other liberal democracies; 2.5 percent of all policies or 1.6 percent of GDP. The typical family unit in Ireland is the nuclear family with children at 49 percent, with families without children, 21 percent, and single mothers, 15 percent, being the next two common family types. In ''Babies and Bosses'', it states that "the main Irish support for families is the universal non-taxable Child Benefit (paid for children under the age 16 or 16–19 and in full time education), which trebled in value between 1997 and 2002. The Irish in-work benefit, the Family Income Supplement (FIS) is paid to low-income families with dependent children, where parents work at least 19 hours per week between them, to provide financial incentives for low-skill jobless families to enter work and because of the lower hours lim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family Policy In The Netherlands
Marriage legislation has a long tradition in the Netherlands. The minimum age at marriage was set in the 1811 Civil Code, amended in 1838. Same sex marriage was allowed in 2001. The first Family Allowance Act was introduced in 1941, and provided benefits only to working families with more than two children. In 1947, the income dependency was abolished and wage earners were also entitled to an allowance for their first and second children under 18 years old. In 1963, family allowances were extended to self-employed people. Currently, all families living in the Netherlands are entitled to a family allowance if their child (biological, adopted, step or foster) is younger than 18 years old. In 1956, the Netherlands passed the Nursery Education Act that funded preschool; however, in 1981, preschool was added to the standard education system. The Childcare Act of 2005 gave childcare an official framework which provided funding and supervision for many programs. Marriage Marriage in the Ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family Policy In Spain
Family policy in Spain refers to the implementation of public policy measures that aim to support the social actions carried out by families, as well as define family roles and relationships within Spain. These laws and services provide Spanish families with provisions regarding parental leave, childcare, family allowances, marriage, divorce, and cohabitation. History Franco era Spain is categorized within the Southern European social model, due largely in part to its strong dependence on family assistance and support. Rather than promoting state reliance, the predominance of the male breadwinner model and the family-oriented nature of social measures in Spain has hindered the development of effective family policies, according to the South European Society and Politics journal. In Francoist Spain from 1939 until 1975, strong state intervention established social protections for families; however, these programs provided fragmented coverage for male industrial workers and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family Policy In The United Kingdom
Family policy in the United Kingdom has experienced numerous shifts throughout the nation’s history. Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, the UK had one of the most liberal family planning regimes in Europe, with little state involvement. However, this began to shift during the Industrial Revolution, and especially during the post-war years and the New Labour era. The post-recession Conservative era has initiated reforms to the comparatively broad family provisions. History Historically, the United Kingdom has had a limited approach towards family planning, primarily because of policymakers’ belief on a “classic liberal” conception of the welfare state. This implied a reliance on free-market solutions and a state reluctant to fund welfare provisions for families. Laws passed in the 17th and 18th centuries regarding families were rare and generally aimed at fixing “inefficiencies” in the system or addressing the most serious societal issues stemming from marriage. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
