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Exactly Solvable Models
Exact may refer to: * Exaction, a concept in real property law * ''Ex'Act'', 2016 studio album by Exo * Schooner Exact, the ship which carried the founders of Seattle Companies * Exact (company), a Dutch software company * Exact Change, an American independent book publishing company * Exact Editions, a content management platform Mathematics * Exact differentials, in multivariate calculus * Exact algorithms, in computer science and operations research * Exact colorings, in graph theory * Exact couples, a general source of spectral sequences * Exact sequences, in homological algebra * Exact functor, a function which preserves exact sequences See also * *Exactor (other) *XACT (other) *EXACTO EXACTO, an acronym of "Extreme Accuracy Tasked Ordnance", is a sniper rifle firing smart bullets being developed for DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) by Lockheed Martin and Teledyne Scientific & Imaging in November 2008. The ...
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Exaction
An exaction is a concept in US real property law where a condition for development is imposed on a parcel of land that requires the developer to mitigate anticipated negative impacts of the development. The rationale for imposing the exaction is to offset the costs, defined broadly in economic terms, of the development to the municipality. Exactions are similar to impact fees, which are direct payments to local governments instead of conditions on development. Exactions and takings The Supreme Court of the United States has identified several criteria for identifying when an exaction becomes a taking that requires compensation under the Fifth Amendment. Essential nexus In ''Nollan v. California Coastal Commission'', the court ruled that an exaction is legitimate if it shares an "essential nexus" with the reasons that would allow rejection of the permit altogether. In ''Nollan'' the court required compensation for a public easement over the dry sand area of the beach as a conditio ...
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Ex'Act
''Ex'Act'' (stylized in all caps) is the third studio album by South Korean–Chinese boy band Exo. It was released by SM Entertainment in Korean and Chinese versions on June 9, 2016. The album was re-released under the title ''Lotto'' on August 18, 2016. ''Ex'Act'' is the third consecutive studio album by Exo to have sold over 1 million copies, and their fourth album to have won the Mnet Asian Music Award for Album of the Year. Background and release On May 31, 2016, Exo was announced to be releasing their third studio album. On June 2, it was revealed that the album's title was ''Ex'Act'' and Exo would be simultaneously promoting two singles, " Lucky One" and " Monster", with different visual concepts that correspond with the two versions of physical packagings for the album. On June 7, 2016, it was revealed that notable music producers including Kenzie, The Stereotypes, and Dem Jointz participated in the production of the album, and member Chanyeol co-wrote the lyrics for the t ...
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Schooner Exact
The schooner ''Exact'' was the ship that delivered the Denny Party to Alki Point on November 13, 1851, which marked the founding of the city of Seattle Seattle ( ) is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States. It is the seat of King County, Washington. With a 2020 population of 737,015, it is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest regio .... References Further reading In Search of the Schooner Exact {{Ship-stub Schooners of the United States ...
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Exact (company)
Exact is a Dutch software company that offers accounting, ERP, and other software for small and medium enterprises. Exact develops cloud-based and on-premises software for industries such as accountancy, wholesale distribution, professional services and manufacturing, serving more than 500,000 companies. Exact, founded in 1984, has its headquarters in Delft. It has subsidiaries and offices in Europe, North America and Asia. The company was listed on Euronext until March 2015, when it was bought up by a group of investors led by Apax and in 2019 by investor KKR. History Exact was founded in 1984 by Eduard Hagens, Rinus Dekker, Arco van Nieuwland, Paul van Keep, Paul Frijling and Leo Schonk. The six had worked as freelancers for Grote Beer ("Ursa Major"), one of the first Dutch companies to produce standardized accounting software. When Grote Beer fired all of its freelancers, Hagens ''et al.'' started their own business. Their Exact Software would later, in 1994, acquire Grot ...
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Exact Change
Exact Change is an American independent book publishing company founded in 1989 by Damon Krukowski and Naomi Yang who, outside of their publishing careers, were musicians associated with Galaxie 500 and Damon and Naomi. The company specialises in re-publishing 19th- and 20th-century avant-garde literature and has published works by John Cage, Salvador Dalí and Denton Welch among many others. Selected publications * ''The Heresiarch & Co.'', ''The Poet Assassinated'' - Guillaume Apollinaire * ''The Adventures of Telemachus'', ''Paris Peasant'' - Louis Aragon * ''Watchfiends and Rack Screams'' - Antonin Artaud * ''Composition in Retrospect'' - John Cage * '' The Hearing Trumpet'' - Leonora Carrington * ''Hebdomeros'' - Giorgio de Chirico * ''Oui'' - Salvador Dalí * ''Give My Regards to Eighth Street'' - Morton Feldman * ''The Death and Letters of Alice James'' - Alice James * ''The Supermale'', ''Exploits & Opinions of Dr. Faustroll, Pataphysician'' - Alfred Jarry * ''The Blue O ...
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Exact Editions
Exact Editions is an integrated content management platform for magazine and book publishers. It was launched in 2005 by Adam Hodgkin, Daryl Rayner and Tim Bruce. The platform expanded from a web-based subscription service into developing branded iOS apps for Apple’s Newsstand. These use the freemium model, offering subscriptions via an in-app purchase. They allow users to sync issues for offline use, share app content via social media and email, and bookmark pages to return to. The platform offers subscriptions to individuals and to institutions, as well as several titles in French and Spanish. In 2009 the company launched an Android app called ‘Exactly’, which offers access to all titles. In 2012, they began offering publishers the additional option to offer apps on the Kindle Fire through the Amazon Appstore. In 2012, Exact Editions launched its first complete digital archive for ''Gramophone'' magazine, offering subscribers access to 90 years' worth of back issues ( ...
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Exact Differential
In multivariate calculus, a differential or differential form is said to be exact or perfect (''exact differential''), as contrasted with an inexact differential, if it is equal to the general differential dQ for some differentiable function Q in an orthogonal coordinate system. An exact differential is sometimes also called a ''total differential'', or a ''full differential'', or, in the study of differential geometry, it is termed an exact form. The integral of an exact differential over any integral path is path-independent, and this fact is used to identify state functions in thermodynamics. Overview Definition Even if we work in three dimensions here, the definitions of exact differentials for other dimensions are structurally similar to the three dimensional definition. In three dimensions, a form of the type :A(x,y,z) \,dx + B(x,y,z) \,dy + C(x,y,z) \,dz is called a differential form. This form is called ''exact'' on an open domain D \subset \mathbb^3 in spac ...
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Exact Algorithm
In computer science and operations research, exact algorithms are algorithms that always solve an optimization problem to optimality. Unless P = NP, an exact algorithm for an NP-hard optimization problem cannot run in worst-case polynomial time. There has been extensive research on finding exact algorithms whose running time is exponential with a low base. See also * Approximation-preserving reduction * APX is the class of problems with some constant-factor approximation algorithm * Heuristic algorithm In mathematical optimization and computer science, heuristic (from Greek εὑρίσκω "I find, discover") is a technique designed for solving a problem more quickly when classic methods are too slow for finding an approximate solution, or whe ... * PTAS - a type of approximation algorithm that takes the approximation ratio as a parameter References {{reflist Computational complexity theory Optimization algorithms and methods ...
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Exact Coloring
In graph theory, an exact coloring is a (proper) vertex coloring in which every pair of colors appears on exactly one pair of adjacent vertices. That is, it is a partition of the vertices of the graph into disjoint independent sets such that, for each pair of distinct independent sets in the partition, there is exactly one edge with endpoints in each set... Complete graphs, detachments, and Euler tours Every ''n''-vertex complete graph ''K''''n'' has an exact coloring with ''n'' colors, obtained by giving each vertex a distinct color. Every graph with an ''n''-color exact coloring may be obtained as a ''detachment'' of a complete graph, a graph obtained from the complete graph by splitting each vertex into an independent set and reconnecting each edge incident to the vertex to exactly one of the members of the corresponding independent set. When ''k'' is an odd number, A path or cycle with \tbinom edges has an exact coloring, obtained by forming an exact coloring of the complete ...
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Exact Couple
In mathematics, an exact couple, due to , is a general source of spectral sequences. It is common especially in algebraic topology; for example, Serre spectral sequence can be constructed by first constructing an exact couple. For the definition of an exact couple and the construction of a spectral sequence from it (which is immediate), see . For a basic example, see Bockstein spectral sequence. The present article covers additional materials. Exact couple of a filtered complex Let ''R'' be a ring, which is fixed throughout the discussion. Note if ''R'' is \Z, then modules over ''R'' are the same thing as abelian groups. Each filtered chain complex of modules determines an exact couple, which in turn determines a spectral sequence, as follows. Let ''C'' be a chain complex graded by integers and suppose it is given an increasing filtration: for each integer ''p'', there is an inclusion of complexes: :F_ C \subset F_p C. From the filtration one can form the associated graded comple ...
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Exact Sequence
An exact sequence is a sequence of morphisms between objects (for example, groups, rings, modules, and, more generally, objects of an abelian category) such that the image of one morphism equals the kernel of the next. Definition In the context of group theory, a sequence :G_0\;\xrightarrow\; G_1 \;\xrightarrow\; G_2 \;\xrightarrow\; \cdots \;\xrightarrow\; G_n of groups and group homomorphisms is said to be exact at G_i if \operatorname(f_i)=\ker(f_). The sequence is called exact if it is exact at each G_i for all 1\leq i, i.e., if the image of each homomorphism is equal to the kernel of the next. The sequence of groups and homomorphisms may be either finite or infinite. A similar definition can be made for other s. For example, one could have an exact sequence of

Exact Functor
In mathematics, particularly homological algebra, an exact functor is a functor that preserves short exact sequences. Exact functors are convenient for algebraic calculations because they can be directly applied to presentations of objects. Much of the work in homological algebra is designed to cope with functors that ''fail'' to be exact, but in ways that can still be controlled. Definitions Let P and Q be abelian categories, and let be a covariant additive functor (so that, in particular, ''F''(0) = 0). We say that ''F'' is an exact functor if whenever :0 \to A\ \stackrel \ B\ \stackrel \ C \to 0 is a short exact sequence in P then :0 \to F(A) \ \stackrel \ F(B)\ \stackrel \ F(C) \to 0 is a short exact sequence in Q. (The maps are often omitted and implied, and one says: "if 0→''A''→''B''→''C''→0 is exact, then 0→''F''(''A'')→''F''(''B'')→''F''(''C'')→0 is also exact".) Further, we say that ''F'' is *left-exact if whenever 0→''A''→''B''→' ...
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