Epitoniidae
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Epitoniidae
Wentletraps are small, often white, very high-spired, predatory or ectoparasitic sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Epitoniidae.Gofas, S. (2010). Epitoniidae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=132 on 24 April 2011 The word ''wentletrap'' originated in Dutch (''wenteltrap''), and it means spiral staircase. These snails are sometimes also called "staircase shells", and "ladder shells". The family Epitoniidae belongs to the superfamily Epitonioidea. Since 2017 this family also includes the former families Janthinidae (the pelagic purple snails) and Nystiellidae, all part of the informal group Ptenoglossa. Epitoniidae is a rather large family, with an estimated number of species about 630. Distribution Wentletraps inhabit all seas and oceans worldwide, from the tropical zones to the Arctic and Antarctic zon ...
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Nystiellidae
Wentletraps are small, often white, very high-spire (mollusc), spired, predatory or ectoparasitic sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Epitoniidae.Gofas, S. (2010). Epitoniidae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=132 on 24 April 2011 The word ''wentletrap'' originated in Dutch (''wenteltrap''), and it means spiral staircase. These snails are sometimes also called "staircase shells", and "ladder shells". The family Epitoniidae belongs to the Taxonomic rank, superfamily Epitonioidea. Since 2017 this family also includes the former families Janthinidae (the pelagic purple snails) and Nystiellidae, all part of the informal group Ptenoglossa. Epitoniidae is a rather large family, with an estimated number of species about 630. Distribution Wentletraps inhabit all seas and oceans wor ...
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Janthinidae
Wentletraps are small, often white, very high-spired, predatory or ectoparasitic sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Epitoniidae.Gofas, S. (2010). Epitoniidae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=132 on 24 April 2011 The word ''wentletrap'' originated in Dutch (''wenteltrap''), and it means spiral staircase. These snails are sometimes also called "staircase shells", and "ladder shells". The family Epitoniidae belongs to the superfamily Epitonioidea. Since 2017 this family also includes the former families Janthinidae (the pelagic purple snails) and Nystiellidae, all part of the informal group Ptenoglossa. Epitoniidae is a rather large family, with an estimated number of species about 630. Distribution Wentletraps inhabit all seas and oceans worldwide, from the tropical zones to the Arctic and Antarctic zo ...
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Acirsa
''Acirsa'' is a genus of predatory sea snails, marine prosobranch gastropod mollusks in the family Epitoniidae. They are commonly known as wentletraps.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). Acirsa Mörch, 1857. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137935 on 29 May 2012 Species According to the World Register of Marine Species, the following species with valid names are included within the genus ''Acirsa'' : The following species are also named by ITIS The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) is an American partnership of federal agencies designed to provide consistent and reliable information on the taxonomy of biological species. ITIS was originally formed in 1996 as an interagenc ... and in the book ''New Zealand Mollusca'', by A. Powell ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Acirsa annectens'' A. W. B. Powell, 1951: synonym of '' Gregorioiscala annectens'' A. W. B. Powell, 1951 * ''Acirsa berryi ...
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Epitonium Scalare
''Epitonium scalare'', common name the precious wentletrap, is a predatory or ectoparasitic species of marine gastropod with an operculum, in the family Epitoniidae, the wentletraps.Rosenberg, G. (2010). Epitonium scalare (Linnaeus, 1758). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207942 on 2010-11-22 In the 17th and 18th century this was once considered to be a very rare shell and specimens changed hands for large sums of money. Johan de la Faille and Cosimo III de' Medici owned a wentletrap. Its habitat is subtidal in sand. Distribution This species is distributed in the Red Sea, in the Indian Ocean along Madagascar and South Africa, in the South West Pacific Ocean and along Fiji Islands and Japan. Shell description Adult shells of this species attain a length of between 25 mm to 72 mm.
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Acrilla
''Acrilla'' is a genus of predatory sea snails, marine prosobranch gastropod mollusks in the family Epitoniidae. They are commonly known as wentletraps.MolluscaBase eds. (2024). MolluscaBase. Acrilla H. Adams, 1860. Accessed through: World Register of Marine * At: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=517581 on 12 March 2024 Species * '' Acrilla acuminata'' (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844) * † '' Acrilla affinis'' (Deshayes, 1861) * † '' Acrilla constantinensis'' Cossmann & Pissarro, 1902 * † '' Acrilla crebrilamellata'' (Tate, 1890) * † '' Acrilla cuisensis'' de Boury, 1887 * † '' Acrilla desertorum'' (Wanner, 1902) * † '' Acrilla deslongchampsi'' (de Raincourt & Munier-Chalmas, 1863) * † '' Acrilla essomiensis'' de Boury, 1887 * † '' Acrilla fayellensis'' de Boury, 1887 * † '' Acrilla fourtaui'' Cossmann, 1901 * † '' Acrilla gallica'' de Boury, 1887 * † '' Acrilla grignonensis'' (Cossmann, 1888) * † '' Acrilla lamberti'' (Deshayes, 1861 ...
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Ptenoglossa
The Ptenoglossa is an informal taxonomic group of sea snails. This group was considered paraphyletic or polyphyletic by Ponder and Lindberg (1997) in their classification of gastropod molluscs. The database WoRMS considers this suborder as belonging to the order (unassigned Caenogastropoda) (temporary name).MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Ptenoglossa. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=411725 on 2020-08-02 Taxonomy *Superfamily Epitonioidea **Family Epitoniidae **Family Janthinidae **Family Nystiellidae *Superfamily Eulimoidea **Family Eulimidae Eulimidae is a family of very small parasitic sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Vanikoroidea. Description These small parasitic snails live on (or in some cases in) the bodies of echinoderms such as sea cucumbers, se ... **Family Aclididae *Superfamily Triphoroidea **Family Triphoridae **Family Cerithiopsidae **Fami ...
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Epitonioidea
Epitonioidea is a superfamily of planktonic and ectoparasitic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs within the informal group Ptenoglossa. This superfamily includes the wentletraps and the purple snails. Taxonomy Families and subfamilies within this superfamily are as follows: *Family Epitoniidae S.S. Berry, 1910, the wentletraps and purple snails *Family Nystiellidae Clench & Turner Turner may refer to: People and fictional characters * Turner (surname), a common surname, including a list of people and fictional characters with the name * Turner (given name), a list of people with the given name *One who uses a lathe for tur ..., 1952 References Ptenoglossa {{Caenogastropoda-stub ...
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Coral
Corals are colonial marine invertebrates within the subphylum Anthozoa of the phylum Cnidaria. They typically form compact Colony (biology), colonies of many identical individual polyp (zoology), polyps. Coral species include the important Coral reef, reef builders that inhabit tropical oceans and secrete calcium carbonate to form a hard skeleton. A coral "group" is a colony of very many cloning, genetically identical polyps. Each polyp is a sac-like animal typically only a few millimeters in diameter and a few centimeters in height. A set of tentacles surround a central mouth opening. Each polyp excretes an exoskeleton near the base. Over many generations, the colony thus creates a skeleton characteristic of the species which can measure up to several meters in size. Individual colonies grow by asexual reproduction of polyps. Corals also breed sexually by spawning: polyps of the same species release gametes simultaneously overnight, often around a full moon. Fertilized eggs form ...
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Sea Anemone
Sea anemones ( ) are a group of predation, predatory marine invertebrates constituting the order (biology), order Actiniaria. Because of their colourful appearance, they are named after the ''Anemone'', a terrestrial flowering plant. Sea anemones are classified in the phylum Cnidaria, class Anthozoa, subclass Hexacorallia. As cnidarians, sea anemones are related to corals, jellyfish, tube-dwelling anemones, and ''hydra (genus), Hydra''. Unlike jellyfish, sea anemones do not have a Jellyfish#Life history and behavior, medusa stage in their life cycle. A typical sea anemone is a single polyp (zoology), polyp attached to a hard surface by its base, but some species live in soft sediment, and a few float near the surface of the water. The polyp has a columnar trunk topped by an oral disc with a ring of tentacles and a central mouth. The tentacles can be retracted inside the body cavity or expanded to catch passing prey. They are armed with cnidocytes (stinging cells). In many specie ...
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Salivary Gland
The salivary glands in many vertebrates including mammals are exocrine glands that produce saliva through a system of ducts. Humans have three paired major salivary glands ( parotid, submandibular, and sublingual), as well as hundreds of minor salivary glands. Salivary glands can be classified as serous, mucous, or seromucous (mixed). In serous secretions, the main type of protein secreted is alpha-amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose and glucose, whereas in mucous secretions, the main protein secreted is mucin, which acts as a lubricant. In humans, 1200 to 1500 ml of saliva are produced every day. The secretion of saliva (salivation) is mediated by parasympathetic stimulation; acetylcholine is the active neurotransmitter and binds to muscarinic receptors in the glands, leading to increased salivation. A proposed fourth pair of salivary glands, the tubarial glands, were first identified in 2020. They are named for their location, being positione ...
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Forage
Forage is a plant material (mainly plant leaves and stems) eaten by grazing livestock. Historically, the term ''forage'' has meant only plants eaten by the animals directly as pasture, crop residue, or immature cereal crops, but it is also used more loosely to include similar plants cut for fodder and carried to the animals, especially as hay or silage. While the term ''forage'' has a broad definition, the term ''forage crop'' is used to define crops, annual or biennial, which are grown to be utilized by grazing or harvesting as a whole crop. Common forages Grasses Grass forages include: *''Agrostis'' spp. – bentgrasses **''Agrostis capillaris'' – common bentgrass **''Agrostis stolonifera'' – creeping bentgrass *''Andropogon hallii'' – sand bluestem *''Arrhenatherum elatius'' – false oat-grass *''Bothriochloa bladhii'' – Australian bluestem *''Bothriochloa pertusa'' – hurricane grass *''Brachiaria decumbens'' – Surinam grass *''Brachiaria humidicola'' – kor ...
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