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Enterobacterales
Enterobacterales is an order of Gram-negative, non-spore forming, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria with the class Gammaproteobacteria. The type genus of this order is ''Enterobacter.'' The name Enterobacterales is derived from the Latin term ''Enterobacter'', referring the type genus of the order and the suffix "-ales", an ending used to denote an order. Together, Enterobacterales refers to an order whose nomenclatural type is the genus ''Enterobacter''. Historical Identification and Systematics Enterobacterales was proposed in 2005 under the name "Enterobacteriales". However, the name "Enterobacteriales" was not validated according to the rules of the ''International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes,'' thus it lacked standing in nomenclature, so the name was written in parentheses. "Enterobacteriales" was a monotypic order, containing only the family '' Enterobacteriaceae'', and shared its type genus ''Escherichia''.NCBEnterobacteralesaccessed 9 Mar 2013 The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enterobacteriaceae
Enterobacteriaceae is a large family (biology), family of Gram-negative bacteria. It was first proposed by Rahn in 1936, and now includes over 30 genera and more than 100 species. Its classification above the level of family is still a subject of debate, but one classification places it in the order Enterobacterales of the class Gammaproteobacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota. In 2016, the description and members of this family were emended based on comparative genomic analyses by Adeolu et al. Enterobacteriaceae includes, along with many harmless Symbiosis, symbionts, many of the more familiar pathogenic bacteria, pathogens, such as ''Salmonella'', ''Escherichia coli'', ''Klebsiella'', and ''Shigella''. Other disease-causing bacteria in this family include ''Enterobacter'' and ''Citrobacter''. Members of the Enterobacteriaceae can be Bacterial taxonomy#Nomenclature, trivially referred to as enterobacteria or "enteric bacteria",as several members live in the intestines of anim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hafniaceae
The ''Hafniaceae'' are a family of Gram-negative bacteria. This family is a member of the order Enterobacterales in the class Gammaproteobacteria of the phylum Pseudomonadota. Genera in this family include the type genus '' Hafnia'', along with '' Edwardsiella'' and'' Obesumbacterium''. The name ''Hafniaceae'' is derived from the Latin term ''Hafnia'', referring the type genus of the family and the suffix "-aceae", an ending used to denote a family. Together, ''Hafniaceae'' refers to a family whose nomenclatural type is the genus ''Hafnia''. Biochemical Characteristics and Molecular Signatures Members are catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, and negative for lysine decarboxylase. These bacteria are also able to grow on MacConkey media, and are capable of reducing nitrate. Four conserved signature indels (CSIs) were identified for this family in the proteins two-component system response regulator GIrR, glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase, transcriptional activator Nha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morganellaceae
The Morganellaceae are a family of Gram-negative bacteria that include some important human pathogens formerly classified as Enterobacteriaceae. This family is a member of the order Enterobacterales in the class Gammaproteobacteria of the phylum Pseudomonadota. Genera in this family include the type genus '' Morganella'', along with '' Arsenophonus, Cosenzaea, Moellerella, Photorhabdus, Proteus, Providencia'' and ''Xenorhabdus''. The name ''Morganellaceae'' is derived from the Latin term ''Morganella'', referring the type genus of the family and the suffix "-aceae", an ending used to denote a family. Together, ''Morganellaceae'' refers to a family whose nomenclatural type is the genus ''Morganella''. Human pathogens A number of Morganellaceae bacterial species are opportunistic human pathogens, including ''Proteus'', '' Providencia'', and occasionally '' Morganella'' in nosocomial settings. ''Proteus'' Three ''Proteus'' species '' P. vulgaris'', '' P. mirabilis'', and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Budviciaceae
The ''Budviciaceae'' are a family of Gram-negative bacteria. This family is a member of the order Enterobacterales in the class Gammaproteobacteria of the phylum Pseudomonadota. The type genus of this family is '' Budvicia.'' The name ''Budviciaceae'' is derived from the Latin term ''Budvicia'', referring the type genus of the family and the suffix "-aceae", an ending used to denote a family. Together, ''Budviciceae'' refers to a family whose nomenclatural type is the genus ''Budvicia''. Biochemical Characteristics and Molecular Signatures Members are catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, and negative for indole, arginine dihydrolase, orthinine decarboxylase, and lysine decarboxylase. These bacteria are capable of producing hydrogen disulfide and reducing nitrate, but are incapable of growing on KCN media. Nine conserved signature indels (CSIs) were identified through genomic analyses for this family in the proteins bifunctional protein-disulfide isomerise/oxidoreductase DsbC, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erwiniaceae
The ''Erwiniaceae'' are a family of Gram-negative bacteria which includes a number of plant pathogens and insect endosymbionts. This family is a member of the order Enterobacterales in the class Gammaproteobacteria of the phylum Pseudomonadota. The type genus of this family is ''Erwinia.'' The name ''Erwiniaceae'' is derived from the Latin term ''Erwinia'', referring the type genus of the family and the suffix "-aceae", an ending used to denote a family. Together, ''Erwiniaceae'' refers to a family whose nomenclatural type is the genus ''Erwinia''. Biochemical characteristics and molecular signatures These bacteria are catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, and do not produce indole or hydrogen disulfide. Most species are positive for Voges-Proskauer test, with the exception of ''Erwinia toletana, Erwinia ypographi'' and some strains of ''Erwinia oleae.'' 12 conserved signature indels (CSIs) were identified through genomic analyses as exclusive for this family in the proteins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pectobacteriaceae
The ''Pectobacteriaceae'' are a family of Gram-negative bacteria which largely consist of plant pathogens. This family is a member of the order Enterobacterales in the class Gammaproteobacteria of the phylum Pseudomonadota. The type species of this family is '' Pectobacterium''. The name ''Pectobacteriaceae'' is derived from the Latin term ''Pectobacterium'', referring the type genus of the family and the suffix "-aceae", an ending used to denote a family. Together, ''Pectobacteriaceae'' refers to a family whose nomenclatural type is the genus ''Pectobacterium''. Biochemical Characteristics and Molecular Signatures Members of the family produce acid from N-acetylglucosamine and are negative for arginine dihydrolase, orthinine decarboxylase and lysine decarboxylase. These bacteria are catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, and do not produce hydrogen disulfide. Genomic analyses identified four conserved signature indels (CSIs) that are specific this family in the proteins tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yersiniaceae
The Yersiniaceae are a family of Gram-negative bacteria that includes some familiar pathogens. For example, the type genus ''Yersinia'' includes ''Yersinia pestis'', the causative agent of plague. This family is a member of the order Enterobacterales in the class Gammaproteobacteria of the phylum Pseudomonadota. The name Yersiniaceae is derived from the Latin term ''Yersinia'', referring the type genus of the family and the suffix "-aceae", an ending used to denote a family. Together, Yersiniaceae refers to a family whose nomenclatural type is the genus ''Yersinia''. Biochemical characteristics and molecular signatures These bacteria are motile, catalase-positive, and do not produce hydrogen disulfide. Analyses of genome sequences from Yersiniaceae species identified three conserved signature indels (CSIs) that are uniquely present in this family in the proteins TetR family transcriptional regulator and a hypothetical protein. These CSIs provide a reliable molecular method ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erwinia
''Erwinia'' is a genus of Enterobacterales bacteria containing mostly plant pathogenic species which was named for the famous plant pathologist, Erwin Frink Smith. It contains Gram-negative bacteria related to ''Escherichia coli'', ''Shigella'', ''Salmonella'', and ''Yersinia''. They are primarily rod-shaped bacteria. Many infect woody plants. A well-known member of this genus is the species '' E. amylovora'', which causes fire blight on apples, pears, and other Rosaceae crops; ''E. tracheiphila'', though, causes bacterial wilt of cucurbits. Other familiar species, such as '' E. carotovora'' (another major cause of plant diseases), are more distantly related to the fire blight bacterium, and have been moved to genera ''Brenneria'', ''Dickeya'', and '' Pectobacterium''. ''Erwinia aphidocola'' and ''E. persicina'' species were both observed to be present within the floral nectar microbial community of seven different orchid (''Epipactis'') flower species. ''E. aphidicola'' appear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enterobacter
''Enterobacter'' is a genus of common Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is the type genus of the order Enterobacterales. Several strains of these bacteria are pathogenic and cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised (usually hospitalized) hosts and in those who are on mechanical ventilation. The urinary and respiratory tracts are the most common sites of infection. The genus ''Enterobacter'' is a member of the coliform group of bacteria. It does not belong to the fecal coliforms (or thermotolerant coliforms) group of bacteria, unlike ''Escherichia coli'', because it is incapable of growth at 44.5 °C in the presence of bile salts. Some of them show quorum sensing properties. One clinically important species from this genus is '' E. cloacae''. Researchers in 2018 reported, after detecting the presence on the International Space Station (ISS) of five '' Enterobacter bugandensis'' b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phytobacter
''Phytobacter'' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria emerging from the grouping of isolates previously assigned to various genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae. This genus was first established on the basis of nitrogen fixing isolates from wild rice in China, but also includes a number of isolates obtained during a 2013 multi-state sepsis outbreak in Brazil and, retrospectively, several clinical strains isolated in the 1970s in the United States that are still available in culture collections, which originally were grouped into Brenner's Biotype XII of the ''Erwinia herbicola''-''Enterobacter agglomerans''-Complex (EEC). Standard biochemical evaluation panels are lacking ''Phytobacter'' spp. from their database, thus often leading to misidentifications with other Enterobacterales species, especially ''Pantoea agglomerans''. Clinical isolates of the species have been identified as an important source of extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenem-resistance genes, which are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gammaproteobacteria
Gammaproteobacteria is a class of bacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota (synonym Proteobacteria). It contains about 250 genera, which makes it the most genera-rich taxon of the Prokaryotes. Several medically, ecologically, and scientifically important groups of bacteria belong to this class. It is composed by all Gram-negative microbes and is the most phylogenetically and physiologically diverse class of Proteobacteria. These microorganisms can live in several terrestrial and marine environments, in which they play various important roles, including ''extreme environments'' such as hydrothermal vents. They generally have different shapes - rods, curved rods, cocci, spirilla, and filaments and include free living bacteria, biofilm formers, commensals and symbionts, some also have the distinctive trait of being bioluminescent. Metabolisms found in the different genera are very different; there are both aerobic and anaerobic (obligate or facultative) species, chemolithoautotrophic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citrobacter Freundii
''Citrobacter freundii'' is a species of facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae which currently consists of 13 recognized species. These bacteria have a rod shape with a typical length of 1–5 μm. Most ''C. freundii'' cells have several flagella used for locomotion, although some non-motile taxa do not. ''C. freundii'' is a soil-dwelling microorganism, but can also be found in water, sewage, food, and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. The genus Citrobacter was discovered in 1932 by Werkman and Gillen. Cultures of ''C. freundii'' were isolated and identified in the same year from soil extracts. Cell morphology and features Exopolysaccharides from ''C. freundii'' target the hydroxyl radical, demonstrating antioxidant activity. These antioxidant properties are related to many different physical and chemical properties. ''C. freundii'' can also have a positive impact when it comes to the treatment of some cancers; specifically, it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |