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Endemic Flora Of Trinidad And Tobago
The endemic flora of Trinidad and Tobago includes a total of 59 species of vascular plants belonging to 34 plant families. This is less than 3% of the total vascular plant flora of Trinidad and Tobago. Thirty-nine of these species are endemic to Trinidad, 12 are Tobagonian endemics, and six are present on both islands. Island systems tend to be rich centres of endemism as a result of their isolation. The islands of the Greater Antilles have rates of endemism which range from 12-50% of their flora. Trinidad and Tobago has a far lower rate of endemism, probably as a result of its geological history. The islands of Trinidad and Tobago lie on the South American continental shelf, and were both connected to the mainland during the Pleistocene. Tobago was separated from the mainland about 13,000 years ago; Trinidad was connected until more recently, and may only have become separated about 1,500 years ago. The flora of Trinidad and Tobago has been estimated to include about 2,50 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vascular Plant
Vascular plants (), also called tracheophytes () or collectively Tracheophyta (), form a large group of land plants ( accepted known species) that have lignified tissues (the xylem) for conducting water and minerals throughout the plant. They also have a specialized non-lignified tissue (the phloem) to conduct products of photosynthesis. Vascular plants include the clubmosses, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms (including conifers), and angiosperms (flowering plants). Scientific names for the group include Tracheophyta, Tracheobionta and Equisetopsida ''sensu lato''. Some early land plants (the rhyniophytes) had less developed vascular tissue; the term eutracheophyte has been used for all other vascular plants, including all living ones. Historically, vascular plants were known as "higher plants", as it was believed that they were further evolved than other plants due to being more complex organisms. However, this is an antiquated remnant of the obsolete scala naturae, and the term ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Data Deficient
A data deficient (DD) species is one which has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as offering insufficient information for a proper assessment of conservation status to be made. This does not necessarily indicate that the species has not been extensively studied; but it does indicate that little or no information is available on the abundance and distribution of the species. The IUCN recommends that care be taken to avoid classing species as "data deficient" when the absence of records may indicate dangerously low abundance: "If the range of a taxon is suspected to be relatively circumscribed, if a considerable period of time has elapsed since the last record of the taxon, threatened status may well be justified""The Categories," in IUCN (1983). (see also precautionary principle). See also * IUCN Red List data deficient species * List of data deficient amphibians * IUCN Red List data deficient species (Annelida) * List of data deficien ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ignatz Urban
Ignatz Urban (7 January 1848 – 7 January 1931) was a German botanist. He is known for his contributions to the flora of the Caribbean and Brazil, and for his work as curator of the Berlin Botanical Garden. Born the son of a brewer, Urban showed an interest in botany as an undergraduate. He pursued further study at the University of Bonn and later at the University of Berlin where he gained a doctorate in 1873. Urban was appointed by A. W. Eichler to run the Berlin Botanical Garden and supervised its move to Dahlem. He also worked as Eichler's assistant on the ''Flora Brasiliensis'', later succeeding him as editor. In 1884 Urban began working with Leopold Krug on his Puerto Rican collections, a collaboration would later produce the nine-volume '' Symbolae Antillanae'', one of his most important contributions, and his 30-part ''Sertum Antillanum''. Urban's herbarium, estimated to include 80,000 or more sheets, was destroyed when the Berlin Herbarium was bombed in 1943 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Justicia Tobagensis
''Justicia tobagensis'' is a species of plant in the family Acanthaceae which is endemic to Trinidad and Tobago. The species is only known from two areas in the Main Ridge of Tobago. It was first described as ''Drejerella tobagensis'' by German botanist Ignatz Urban in his ''Symbolae Antillanae'', based on a collection made by Danish botanist Henrik von Eggers In 1995 American botanist Dieter C. Wasshausen proposed a new combination, ''Justicia tobagensis'', which reflected the predominant view that the genus ''Drejerella'' is actually a part of the genus ''Justicia''. Conservation status Although ''Justicia tobagensis'' is not listed in the IUCN Red List The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biol ..., the authors of a 2008 assessment of the endemic plant species of Tri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dieter Carl Wasshausen
Dieter Carl Wasshausen (born 15 April 1938 in Jena, Germany) is an American botanist specialized in Spermatophytes. In 1962 he started working at the Smithsonian Institution as a technician. In 1976 he became chairman of the Botany Department, a post he held until 1982 He studied at the George Washington University The George Washington University (GW or GWU) is a Private university, private University charter#Federal, federally chartered research university in Washington, D.C. Chartered in 1821 by the United States Congress, GWU is the largest Higher educat ... receiving a PhD in 1972. Wasshausen has described approximately 247 new species in various families, and five new species have been named for him. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Wasshausen, Dieter Carl 1938 births Living people 21st-century American botanists George Washington University alumni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Bertram Turrill
William Bertram Turrill FRS OBE FLS (14 June 1890 – 15 December 1961) was an English botanist. Education He was born in Woodstock, Oxfordshire to William Banbury and Thirza Mary (née Homan) Turrill and educated at the Woodstock National School. He served with the Royal Army Medical Corps of the British Army during the First World War, mainly on the Macedonian front. Career Turrill worked in the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew and was responsible for many innovations including a mathematical classification of leaf shapes. Awards and honours Turrill received the Order of the British Empire in 1955 and the gold medal of the Linnean Society in 1958. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in March 1958 as someone: This botanist is denoted by the author abbreviation when citing a botanical name. Personal life He married Florence Homan in 1918. Eponymy The plant species ''Veronica turrilliana'', '' Symplocos turrilliana'', '' Cryptocarya turrilliana'', '' Astragalus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Justicia Flaviflora
''Justicia flaviflora'' is a species of herbaceous plant in the family Acanthaceae. It was previously classified as ''Beloperone flaviflora''. The species is endemic to the island of Trinidad in the Caribbean republic of Trinidad and Tobago where it is only known from near the peaks of mountains in the Northern Range. It is an erect herb with leaves up to long. It is suffering from habitat degradation and has become increasingly rare, being now rated as " critically endangered". Distribution Specifically, it is only known from several locations in the Heights of Aripo, one of the highest points in Trinidad's Northern Range. ''Justicia flaviflora'' is an erect herb with leaves up to 27.5 centimetres (11 inches) long and around 11 centimetres (4 inches) broad. The corolla of the flower is cylindrical, about 2.8 cm (1.1 in) long. Taxonomy The species was originally described as ''Beloperone flaviflora'' in 1922 by the English botanist William Be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emery Clarence Leonard
Emery Clarence Leonard (1892–1968) was an American botanist known for his work on the Acanthaceae Acanthaceae is a family (the acanthus family) of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species. Most are tropical herbs, shrubs, or twining vines; some are epiphytes. Only a few species are distributed in tem ... plant family and on the flora of Haiti. References 1892 births 1968 deaths American botanists {{US-botanist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nathaniel Lord Britton
Nathaniel Lord Britton (January 15, 1859 – June 25, 1934) was an American botanist and taxonomist who co-founded the New York Botanical Garden in the Bronx, New York (state), New York. Early life Britton was born in New Dorp, Staten Island, New Dorp in Staten Island, New York to Jasper Alexander Hamilton Britton and Harriet Lord Turner. His parents wanted him to study religion, but he was attracted to nature study at an early age. He was a graduate of the School of Engineering and Applied Science (Columbia University), Columbia University School of Mines and afterwards taught geology and botany at Columbia University. He joined the Torrey Botanical Society, Torrey Botanical Club soon after graduation and was a member his entire life. He married Elizabeth Gertrude Britton, Elizabeth Gertrude Knight, a Bryophyte, bryologist, on August 27, 1885. They had met when she joined the club and were lifelong collaborators in botanical research. New York Botanical Garden During their h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dicliptera Aripoensis
''Dicliptera aripoensis'' is a species of plant in the family Acanthaceae which is endemic to Trinidad and Tobago. The species is only known from the Heights of Aripo, in Trinidad's Northern Range. It is a branching shrub, 1–1.5 m tall with red flowers about 3 cm long. The species was described as ''Diapedium aripoense'' by American botanist Nathaniel Lord Britton in 1926, based on a collection made by Walter Elias Broadway in 1922. American botanist Emery Clarence Leonard transferred the species to the genus ''Dicliptera'' in 1954. Conservation status Although ''Dicliptera aripoensis'' is not listed in the IUCN Red List The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biol ... the authors of a 2008 assessment of the endemic plant species of Trinidad and Tobago considered i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acanthaceae
Acanthaceae is a family (the acanthus family) of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species. Most are tropical herbs, shrubs, or twining vines; some are epiphytes. Only a few species are distributed in temperate regions. The four main centres of distribution are Indonesia and Malaysia, Africa, Brazil, and Central America. Representatives of the family can be found in nearly every habitat, including dense or open forests, scrublands, wet fields and valleys, sea coast and marine areas, swamps, and mangrove forests. Description Plants in this family have simple, opposite, decussated leaves with entire (or sometimes toothed, lobed, or spiny) margins, and without stipules. The leaves may contain cystoliths, calcium carbonate concretions, seen as streaks on the surface. The flowers are perfect, zygomorphic to nearly actinomorphic, and arranged in an inflorescence that is either a spike, raceme, or cyme. Typically, a colorful bract subtends ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Main Ridge (Tobago)
Main Ridge is the main mountainous ridge on the island of Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago. It is a chain of hills which runs from southwest to northeast between the Caribbean Sea and the Southern Tobago fault system and reaches a maximum height of . The Main Ridge Forest Reserve, which was legally established in 1776, is one of the oldest protected areas in the world. It is a popular site for birdwatching and ecotourism. Main Ridge provides important habitat for native plants and animals, including several species endemic to Tobago. History The Treaty of Paris in 1763 ended Tobago's status as a neutral territory and made it a British colony. The Treaty of Aix-la-Chappelle in 1748 had designated Tobago neutral territory and left it in the hands of its remaining indigenous population, but the return to British control led to a rapid conversion of the island to a plantation economy. Under the direction of the Board of Trade, the island was surveyed, divided into plots, and sold to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
