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Drosophilidae
The Drosophilidae are a diverse, cosmopolitan family of flies, which includes species called fruit flies, although they are more accurately referred to as vinegar or pomace flies. Another distantly related family of flies, Tephritidae, are true fruit flies because they are frugivorous, and include apple maggot flies and many pests. The best known species of the Drosophilidae is ''Drosophila melanogaster'', within the genus ''Drosophila'', also called the "fruit fly." ''Drosophila melanogaster'' is used extensively for studies concerning genetics, development, physiology, ecology and behaviour. Many fundamental biological mechanisms were discovered first in ''D. melanogaster.'' The fruit fly is mostly composed of post-mitotic cells, has a very short lifespan, and shows gradual aging. As in other species, temperature influences the life history of the animal. Several genes have been identified that can be manipulated to extend the lifespan of these insects. Additionally, ''Drosophi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scaptomyza Flava
''Scaptomyza flava'' is an herbivorous leaf mining fly species in the family Drosophilidae. In Latin, '' flava'' means golden or yellow. The fly is amber to dark brown in color and approximately 2.5 mm in length. In Europe and New Zealand the larvae are pests of plants in the order Brassicales, including arugula, brassicas, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, bok choy, cabbage, canola, cauliflower, horseradish, kale, kohlrabi, napa cabbage, nasturtium, radish, rapini, rutabaga, turnip, wasabi and watercress. In New Zealand, its range has expanded to include host species that are intercropped with salad brassicas, including gypsophila, otherwise known as baby's breath, which is in the pink family (Caryophyllaceae) and the pea (''Pisum sativum'') in the Fabaceae. More typically, ''S. flava'' is oligophagous within the Brassicales. ''Scaptomyza'' are unusual within the Drospophilidae because the group includes species that are truly herbivorous. Other herbivorous drosophilids include ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drosophilinae
The Drosophilinae are the largest subfamily in the Drosophilidae. The other subfamily is the Steganinae. Phylogeny Many molecular studies have addressed small parts of the phylogenetic tree. Most of these studies are limited to species of the genus ''Drosophila''. The genus ''Drosophila'' is paraphyletic as several genera, such as ''Zaprionus'', ''Scaptomyza'' and ''Lordiphosa'', are positioned within the genus. Position of the bolded species in the phylogenetic tree is at least reasonably well supported by existing molecular evidence.Thomas, R. H. & J. A. Hunt 1993. Phylogenetic relationships in Drosophila: a conflict between molecular and morphological data. Molecular Biology and Evolution 10(2): 362-374.Yassin A, Araripe LO, Capy P, Da Lage J-L, Klaczko LB, Maisonhaute C, Ogereau D and David JR (2008) Grafting the molecular phylogenetic tree with morphological branches to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the genus Zaprionus (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Mol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
