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Defensive Gun Use
Defensive gun use (DGU) is the use or presentation of a firearm for self-defense, defense of others or, in some cases, protecting property. The frequency of incidents involving DGU, and their effectiveness in providing safety and reducing crime is a controversial issue in gun politics and criminology, chiefly in the United States. Harry L. Wilson, ''Guns, Gun Control, And Elections: The Politics And Policy of Firearms'', , Rowman & Littlefield, 2007. Different authors and studies employ different criteria for what constitutes a defensive gun use which leads to controversy in comparing statistical results. Perceptions of defensive gun use are recurring themes in discussions over gun rights, gun control, armed police, open and concealed carry of firearms. Estimates of frequency Estimates over the number of defensive gun uses vary wildly, depending on the study's definition of a defensive gun use, survey design, country, population, criteria, time-period studied, and other factor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Defensive Gun Use Training - Prague Cech Republic
Defense or defence may refer to: Tactical, martial, and political acts or groups * Defense (military), forces primarily intended for warfare * Civil defense, the organizing of civilians to deal with emergencies or enemy attacks * Defense industry, industry which manufactures and sells weapons and military technology * Self-defense, the use of force to defend oneself * Haganah (Hebrew for "The Defence"), a paramilitary organization in British Palestine * National security, security of a nation state, its citizens, economy, and institutions, as a duty of government ** Defence diplomacy, pursuit of foreign policy objectives through the peaceful employment of defence resources ** Ministry of defence or department of defense, a part of government which regulates the armed forces ** Defence minister, a cabinet position in charge of a ministry of defense * International security, measures taken by states and international organizations to ensure mutual survival and safety Sports ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jens Ludwig (economist)
Jens Otto Ludwig (born 1968 in Frankfurt, Germany) is a University of Chicago economist whose research focuses on social policy, particularly urban issues such as poverty, crime, and education. He is McCormick Foundation Professor of Social Service Administration, Law, and Public Policy in the School of Social Service Administration and Harris School of Public Policy Studies at the University of Chicago, where he also serves as Co-Director of the university's Urban Education and Crime Labs. Ludwig is also Project Director for the long-term evaluation of the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) randomized housing mobility experiment at the National Bureau of Economic Research The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) is an American private nonprofit research organization "committed to undertaking and disseminating unbiased economic research among public policymakers, business professionals, and the academic c ... (NBER), where he is also Co-Director of the Working Group on Ec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Bias Against Guns
''The Bias Against Guns: Why Almost Everything You've Heard About Gun Control Is Wrong'' is a book by John Lott, following up on his controversial '' More Guns, Less Crime''. It is intended to reach a broader audience than its highly technical predecessor. Lott explores what he sees as misconceptions about gun ownership, including the practice of carrying concealed weapons. Main topics ''The Bias Against Guns'' has two parts. The first explains what Lott believes is the source of false information about gun ownership. The second examines the issues regarding gun ownership, paying specific attention to topics that often arise in debates over gun politics. Reception Lott's book has been well received by those in the pro-gun lobby and amongst conservatives more generally. Two reviewers on the website National Rifle Association's Institute for Legal Action describe how Lott's book: Lott discussed the book in an April 2004 event held by the Frontiers of Freedom Institute ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
More Guns, Less Crime
''More Guns, Less Crime'' is a book by John R. Lott Jr. that says violent crime rates go down when states pass " shall issue" concealed carry laws. He presents the results of his statistical analysis of crime data for every county in the United States during 29 years from 1977 to 2005. Each edition of the book was refereed by the University of Chicago Press. The book examines city, county and state level data from the entire United States and measures the impact of 13 different types of gun control laws on crime rates. The book expands on an earlier study published in 1997 by Lott and his co-author David Mustard in ''The Journal of Legal Studies'' and by Lott and his co-author John Whitley in '' The Journal of Law and Economics'', October 2001. Main topics Below are summaries of the main topics discussed in ''More Guns, Less Crime''. Shall issue laws Lott examines the effects of shall issue laws on violent crime across the United States. His conclusion is that shall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Lott (political Activist)
John Richard Lott Jr. (born May 8, 1958) is an American economist, political commentator, and gun rights advocate. Lott was formerly employed at various academic institutions and at the American Enterprise Institute conservative think tank. He is the former president of the Crime Prevention Research Center, a nonprofit he founded in 2013. He worked in the Office of Justice Programs within the U.S. Department of Justice under the Donald Trump administration from October 2020 to January 2021. Lott holds a Ph.D. in economics from UCLA. He has written for both academic and popular publications. He has authored books such as '' More Guns, Less Crime'', '' The Bias Against Guns'', and '' Freedomnomics''. He is best known as a gun rights advocate and has argued against restrictions on owning and carrying guns. ''Newsweek'' referred to Lott as "The Gun Crowd's Guru." Academic career John Lott studied economics at UCLA, receiving his B.A. in 1980, M.A. in 1982, and Ph.D. in 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clayton Cramer
Clayton E. Cramer is an American historian, author, gun enthusiast, and software engineer. He played an important early role in documenting errors in the book ''Arming America'' by Michael A. Bellesiles, a book that was later proven to be based on fraudulent research. His work was cited by the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas in ''United States v. Emerson'', 46 F.Supp.2d 598 (N.D.Tex. 1999). His research also informed the Supreme Court decision in the Second Amendment cases '' District of Columbia v. Heller'' and '' McDonald v. Chicago''. He holds an MA in history from Sonoma State University. He currently resides in Horseshoe Bend, Idaho, near Boise. ''Arming America'' controversy In 1996, while working on his master's thesis, Cramer read a paper by Bellesiles on early gun laws, published in the Journal of American History. This paper formed a basis for Bellesiles' later book, ''Arming America''. Cramer's thesis "examined the development of con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RAND Corporation
The RAND Corporation (from the phrase "research and development") is an American nonprofit global policy think tank created in 1948 by Douglas Aircraft Company to offer research and analysis to the United States Armed Forces. It is financed by the U.S. government and private endowment, corporations, universities and private individuals. The company assists other governments, international organizations, private companies and foundations with a host of defense and non-defense issues, including healthcare. RAND aims for interdisciplinary and quantitative problem solving by translating theoretical concepts from formal economics and the physical sciences into novel applications in other areas, using applied science and operations research. Overview RAND has approximately 1,850 employees. Its American locations include: Santa Monica, California (headquarters); Arlington, Virginia; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Boston, Massachusetts. The RAND Gulf States Policy Institute has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marvin Wolfgang
Marvin Eugene Wolfgang (14 November 1924 – 12 April 1998) was an American sociologist and criminologist. Biography Wolfgang was a soldier in World War II and participated in the Battle of Monte Cassino. After the war he studied at the University of Pennsylvania, where his principal teacher was Thorsten Sellin. At Penn, Wolfgang took his MA (1950) and PhD (1955) in sociology/criminology. Until his death in 1998 he was a professor of criminology at the University of Pennsylvania. In 1964, he published ''The Measurement of Delinquency'', which was the first study of the true impact of crime on society. Three years later, he completed ''The Subculture of Violence: Towards an Integrated Theory in Criminology'', which focused on high rates of violence among blacks and the influence of a black subculture. Wolfgang wrote over 30 books and 150 articles throughout his life. His most famous work, ''Delinquency in a Birth Cohort'', was published in 1972. This book marked the beginning of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bloomberg Businessweek
''Bloomberg Businessweek'', previously known as ''BusinessWeek'', is an American weekly business magazine published fifty times a year. Since 2009, the magazine is owned by New York City-based Bloomberg L.P. The magazine debuted in New York City in September 1929. Bloomberg Businessweek business magazines are located in the Bloomberg Tower, 731 Lexington Avenue, Manhattan in New York City and market magazines are located in the Citigroup Center, 153 East 53rd Street between Lexington and Third Avenue, Manhattan in New York City. History ''Businessweek'' was first published based in New York City in September 1929, weeks before the stock market crash of 1929. The magazine provided information and opinions on what was happening in the business world at the time. Early sections of the magazine included marketing, labor, finance, management and Washington Outlook, which made ''Businessweek'' one of the first publications to cover national political issues that directly impacted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Desirability Bias
In social science research, social-desirability bias is a type of response bias that is the tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others. It can take the form of over-reporting "good behavior" or under-reporting "bad", or undesirable behavior. The tendency poses a serious problem with conducting research with self-reports. This bias interferes with the interpretation of average tendencies as well as individual differences. Topics subject to social-desirability bias Topics where socially desirable responding (SDR) is of special concern are self-reports of abilities, personality, sexual behavior, and drug use. When confronted with the question "How often do you masturbate?," for example, respondents may be pressured by the societal taboo against masturbation, and either under-report the frequency or avoid answering the question. Therefore, the mean rates of masturbation derived from self-report surveys are likely to be sev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congressional Research Service
The Congressional Research Service (CRS) is a public policy research institute of the United States Congress. Operating within the Library of Congress, it works primarily and directly for members of Congress and their committees and staff on a confidential, nonpartisan basis. CRS is sometimes known as Congress' think tank due to its broad mandate of providing research and analysis on all matters relevant to national policymaking. CRS has roughly 600 employees reflecting a wide variety of expertise and disciplines, including lawyers, economists, reference librarians, and scientists. In the 2016 fiscal year, it was appropriated a budget of roughly $106.9 million by Congress. CRS was founded during the height of the Progressive Era as part of a broader effort to professionalize the government by providing independent research and information to public officials. Its work was initially made available to the public, but between 1952 and 2018 was restricted only to members of Con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telescoping Effect
In cognitive psychology, the telescoping effect (or telescoping bias) refers to the temporal displacement of an event whereby people perceive recent events as being more remote than they are and distant events as being more recent than they are. The former is known as backward telescoping or time expansion, and the latter as is known as forward telescoping. Three years is approximately the time frame in which events switch from being displaced backward in time to forward in time, with events occurring three years in the past being equally likely to be reported with forward telescoping bias as with backward telescoping bias. Although telescoping occurs in both the forward and backward directions, in general the effect is to increase the number of events reported too recently. This net effect in the forward direction is because of forces that impair memory, such as lack of salience, also impair time perception. Telescoping leads to an over reporting of the frequency of events. This ov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
