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Cryptocotyle Macrorhinis
''Cryptocotyle'' is a genus of trematodes from the family Heterophyidae. The definitive hosts of the parasites are fish-eating birds and mammals. Species * ''Cryptocotyle americana'' Ciurea, 1924 * ''Cryptocotyle badamshini'' (Kurochkin, 1959) * ''Cryptocotyle concava'' (Creplin, 1825) * ''Cryptocotyle cryptocotyloides'' (Issaitschikow, 1923) * ''Cryptocotyle delamurei'' (Jurachno, 1987) * ''Cryptocotyle jejuna'' (Nicoll, 1907) * ''Cryptocotyle lingua'' (Creplin, 1825) * ''Cryptocotyle macrorhinis ''Cryptocotyle'' is a genus of trematodes from the family Heterophyidae. The definitive hosts of the parasites are fish-eating birds and mammals. Species * '' Cryptocotyle americana'' Ciurea, 1924 * '' Cryptocotyle badamshini'' (Kurochkin, 1959) ...'' (MacCallum, 1916) Sources * Digenea genera {{Trematoda-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metacercariae
Trematodes are parasitic flatworms of the class ''Trematoda'', specifically parasitic flukes with two suckers: one ventral and the other oral. Trematodes are covered by a tegument, that protects the organism from the environment by providing secretory and absorptive functions. The life cycle of a typical trematode begins with an egg. Some trematode eggs hatch directly in the environment (water), while others are eaten and hatched within a host, typically a mollusc. The hatchling is called a ''miracidium,'' a free-swimming, ciliated larva. Miracidia will then grow and develop within the intermediate host into a sac-like structure known as a sporocyst or into rediae, either of which may give rise to free-swimming, motile cercariae larvae. The cercariae then could either infect a vertebrate host or a second intermediate host. Adult metacercariae or mesocercariae, depending on the individual trematode's life cycle, will then infect the vertebrate host or be rejected and excreted thro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Definitive Host
In biology and medicine, a host is a larger organism that harbours a smaller organism; whether a parasitic, a mutualistic, or a commensalist ''guest'' (symbiont). The guest is typically provided with nourishment and shelter. Examples include animals playing host to parasitic worms (e.g. nematodes), cells harbouring pathogenic (disease-causing) viruses, a bean plant hosting mutualistic (helpful) nitrogen-fixing bacteria. More specifically in botany, a host plant supplies food resources to micropredators, which have an evolutionarily stable relationship with their hosts similar to ectoparasitism. The host range is the collection of hosts that an organism can use as a partner. Symbiosis Symbiosis spans a wide variety of possible relationships between organisms, differing in their permanence and their effects on the two parties. If one of the partners in an association is much larger than the other, it is generally known as the host. In parasitism, the parasite benefits at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptocotyle Macrorhinis
''Cryptocotyle'' is a genus of trematodes from the family Heterophyidae. The definitive hosts of the parasites are fish-eating birds and mammals. Species * ''Cryptocotyle americana'' Ciurea, 1924 * ''Cryptocotyle badamshini'' (Kurochkin, 1959) * ''Cryptocotyle concava'' (Creplin, 1825) * ''Cryptocotyle cryptocotyloides'' (Issaitschikow, 1923) * ''Cryptocotyle delamurei'' (Jurachno, 1987) * ''Cryptocotyle jejuna'' (Nicoll, 1907) * ''Cryptocotyle lingua'' (Creplin, 1825) * ''Cryptocotyle macrorhinis ''Cryptocotyle'' is a genus of trematodes from the family Heterophyidae. The definitive hosts of the parasites are fish-eating birds and mammals. Species * '' Cryptocotyle americana'' Ciurea, 1924 * '' Cryptocotyle badamshini'' (Kurochkin, 1959) ...'' (MacCallum, 1916) Sources * Digenea genera {{Trematoda-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptocotyle Lingua
''Cryptocotyle'' is a genus of trematodes from the family Heterophyidae. The definitive hosts of the parasites are fish-eating birds and mammals. Species * ''Cryptocotyle americana'' Ciurea, 1924 * ''Cryptocotyle badamshini'' (Kurochkin, 1959) * ''Cryptocotyle concava'' (Creplin, 1825) * ''Cryptocotyle cryptocotyloides'' (Issaitschikow, 1923) * ''Cryptocotyle delamurei'' (Jurachno, 1987) * ''Cryptocotyle jejuna'' (Nicoll, 1907) * ''Cryptocotyle lingua'' (Creplin, 1825) * ''Cryptocotyle macrorhinis ''Cryptocotyle'' is a genus of trematodes from the family Heterophyidae. The definitive hosts of the parasites are fish-eating birds and mammals. Species * '' Cryptocotyle americana'' Ciurea, 1924 * '' Cryptocotyle badamshini'' (Kurochkin, 1959) ...'' (MacCallum, 1916) Sources * Digenea genera {{Trematoda-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptocotyle Jejuna
''Cryptocotyle'' is a genus of trematodes from the family Heterophyidae. The definitive hosts of the parasites are fish-eating birds and mammals. Species * ''Cryptocotyle americana'' Ciurea, 1924 * ''Cryptocotyle badamshini'' (Kurochkin, 1959) * ''Cryptocotyle concava'' (Creplin, 1825) * ''Cryptocotyle cryptocotyloides'' (Issaitschikow, 1923) * ''Cryptocotyle delamurei'' (Jurachno, 1987) * ''Cryptocotyle jejuna'' (Nicoll, 1907) * ''Cryptocotyle lingua'' (Creplin, 1825) * ''Cryptocotyle macrorhinis ''Cryptocotyle'' is a genus of trematodes from the family Heterophyidae. The definitive hosts of the parasites are fish-eating birds and mammals. Species * ''Cryptocotyle americana'' Ciurea, 1924 * ''Cryptocotyle badamshini'' (Kurochkin, 1959) * ...'' (MacCallum, 1916) Sources * Digenea genera {{Trematoda-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptocotyle Delamurei
''Cryptocotyle'' is a genus of trematodes from the family Heterophyidae. The definitive hosts of the parasites are fish-eating birds and mammals. Species * ''Cryptocotyle americana'' Ciurea, 1924 * ''Cryptocotyle badamshini'' (Kurochkin, 1959) * ''Cryptocotyle concava'' (Creplin, 1825) * ''Cryptocotyle cryptocotyloides'' (Issaitschikow, 1923) * ''Cryptocotyle delamurei'' (Jurachno, 1987) * ''Cryptocotyle jejuna'' (Nicoll, 1907) * ''Cryptocotyle lingua'' (Creplin, 1825) * ''Cryptocotyle macrorhinis ''Cryptocotyle'' is a genus of trematodes from the family Heterophyidae. The definitive hosts of the parasites are fish-eating birds and mammals. Species * ''Cryptocotyle americana'' Ciurea, 1924 * ''Cryptocotyle badamshini'' (Kurochkin, 1959) * ...'' (MacCallum, 1916) Sources * Digenea genera {{Trematoda-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptocotyle Cryptocotyloides
''Cryptocotyle'' is a genus of trematodes from the family Heterophyidae. The definitive hosts of the parasites are fish-eating birds and mammals. Species * ''Cryptocotyle americana'' Ciurea, 1924 * ''Cryptocotyle badamshini'' (Kurochkin, 1959) * ''Cryptocotyle concava'' (Creplin, 1825) * ''Cryptocotyle cryptocotyloides'' (Issaitschikow, 1923) * ''Cryptocotyle delamurei'' (Jurachno, 1987) * ''Cryptocotyle jejuna'' (Nicoll, 1907) * ''Cryptocotyle lingua'' (Creplin, 1825) * ''Cryptocotyle macrorhinis ''Cryptocotyle'' is a genus of trematodes from the family Heterophyidae. The definitive hosts of the parasites are fish-eating birds and mammals. Species * ''Cryptocotyle americana'' Ciurea, 1924 * ''Cryptocotyle badamshini'' (Kurochkin, 1959) * ...'' (MacCallum, 1916) Sources * Digenea genera {{Trematoda-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptocotyle Concava
''Cryptocotyle'' is a genus of trematodes from the family Heterophyidae. The definitive hosts of the parasites are fish-eating birds and mammals. Species * ''Cryptocotyle americana'' Ciurea, 1924 * ''Cryptocotyle badamshini'' (Kurochkin, 1959) * ''Cryptocotyle concava'' (Creplin, 1825) * ''Cryptocotyle cryptocotyloides'' (Issaitschikow, 1923) * ''Cryptocotyle delamurei'' (Jurachno, 1987) * ''Cryptocotyle jejuna'' (Nicoll, 1907) * ''Cryptocotyle lingua'' (Creplin, 1825) * ''Cryptocotyle macrorhinis ''Cryptocotyle'' is a genus of trematodes from the family Heterophyidae. The definitive hosts of the parasites are fish-eating birds and mammals. Species * ''Cryptocotyle americana'' Ciurea, 1924 * ''Cryptocotyle badamshini'' (Kurochkin, 1959) * ...'' (MacCallum, 1916) Sources * Digenea genera {{Trematoda-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptocotyle Badamshini
''Cryptocotyle'' is a genus of trematodes from the family Heterophyidae. The definitive hosts of the parasites are fish-eating birds and mammals. Species * ''Cryptocotyle americana'' Ciurea, 1924 * ''Cryptocotyle badamshini'' (Kurochkin, 1959) * ''Cryptocotyle concava'' (Creplin, 1825) * ''Cryptocotyle cryptocotyloides'' (Issaitschikow, 1923) * ''Cryptocotyle delamurei'' (Jurachno, 1987) * ''Cryptocotyle jejuna'' (Nicoll, 1907) * ''Cryptocotyle lingua'' (Creplin, 1825) * ''Cryptocotyle macrorhinis ''Cryptocotyle'' is a genus of trematodes from the family Heterophyidae. The definitive hosts of the parasites are fish-eating birds and mammals. Species * ''Cryptocotyle americana'' Ciurea, 1924 * ''Cryptocotyle badamshini'' (Kurochkin, 1959) * ...'' (MacCallum, 1916) Sources * Digenea genera {{Trematoda-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptocotyle Americana
''Cryptocotyle'' is a genus of trematodes from the family Heterophyidae. The definitive hosts of the parasites are fish-eating birds and mammals. Species * ''Cryptocotyle americana'' Ciurea, 1924 * ''Cryptocotyle badamshini'' (Kurochkin, 1959) * ''Cryptocotyle concava'' (Creplin, 1825) * ''Cryptocotyle cryptocotyloides'' (Issaitschikow, 1923) * ''Cryptocotyle delamurei'' (Jurachno, 1987) * ''Cryptocotyle jejuna'' (Nicoll, 1907) * ''Cryptocotyle lingua'' (Creplin, 1825) * ''Cryptocotyle macrorhinis ''Cryptocotyle'' is a genus of trematodes from the family Heterophyidae. The definitive hosts of the parasites are fish-eating birds and mammals. Species * ''Cryptocotyle americana'' Ciurea, 1924 * ''Cryptocotyle badamshini'' (Kurochkin, 1959) * ...'' (MacCallum, 1916) Sources * Digenea genera {{Trematoda-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mammals
Mammals () are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia (), characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or hair, and three middle ear bones. These characteristics distinguish them from reptiles (including birds) from which they diverged in the Carboniferous, over 300 million years ago. Around 6,400 extant species of mammals have been described divided into 29 orders. The largest orders, in terms of number of species, are the rodents, bats, and Eulipotyphla (hedgehogs, moles, shrews, and others). The next three are the Primates (including humans, apes, monkeys, and others), the Artiodactyla ( cetaceans and even-toed ungulates), and the Carnivora (cats, dogs, seals, and others). In terms of cladistics, which reflects evolutionary history, mammals are the only living members of the Synapsida (synapsids); this clade, together with Saur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birds
Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the bee hummingbird to the ostrich. There are about ten thousand living species, more than half of which are passerine, or "perching" birds. Birds have whose development varies according to species; the only known groups without wings are the extinct moa and elephant birds. Wings, which are modified forelimbs, gave birds the ability to fly, although further evolution has led to the loss of flight in some birds, including ratites, penguins, and diverse endemic island species. The digestive and respiratory systems of birds are also uniquely adapted for flight. Some bird species of aquatic environments, particularly seabirds and some waterbirds, have further evolved for swimming. B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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