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Cph1 Holin Family
The Cph1 Holin FamilyTC# 1.E.16 is also called the CDD Holin 4 superfamily, but belongs to the Holin Superfamily IV as classified in the Transporter Classification Database (TCDB). A representative list of members belonging to the Cph1 family can be found iTCDB See also * Holin * Lysin Lysins, also known as endolysins or murein hydrolases, are hydrolytic enzymes produced by bacteriophages in order to cleave the host's cell wall during the final stage of the lytic cycle. Lysins are highly evolved enzymes that are able to target ... * Transporter Classification Database References Holins Protein families {{Membrane-protein-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conserved Domain Database
The Conserved Domain Database (CDD) is a database of well-annotated multiple sequence alignment models and derived database search models, for ancient domains and full-length proteins. Philosophy Domains can be thought of as distinct functional and/or structural units of a protein. These two classifications coincide rather often, as a matter of fact, and what is found as an independently folding unit of a polypeptide chain also carries specific function. Domains are often identified as recurring (sequence or structure) units, which may exist in various contexts. In molecular evolution such domains may have been utilized as building blocks, and may have been recombined in different arrangements to modulate protein function. CDD defines conserved domains as recurring units in molecular evolution, the extents of which can be determined by sequence and structure analysis. The goal of the NCBI conserved domain curation project is to provide database users with insights into how patt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holin Superfamily IV
The Holin superfamily IV is a superfamily of integral membrane transport proteins. It is one of the seven different holin superfamilies in total. The Holin superfamily IV includes the TC families: 1.E.10- The ''Bacillus subtilis'' φ29 Holin (φ29 Holin) Family 1.E.16- The Cph1 Holin (Cph1 Holin) Family 1.E.19- The ''Clostridium difficile'' TcdE Holin (TcdE Holin) Family 1.E.40- The Mycobacterial 4 TMS Phage Holin (MP4 Holin) Family Superfamily IV includes four TC families, which includes members from ''Bacillota'', ''Actinomycetota'' and ''Fusobacteriota''. Their average sizes are (in amino acyl residues (aas)): TC# 1.E.10 - 138 ± 6 aas TC# 1.E.16 - 149 ± 15 aas TC# 1.E.19 - 141 ± 12 aas TC# 1.E.40 - 173 ± 149 aas Thus, there is very little size variation among family members, except for family 40, which has members larger than the other proteins in this superfamily. All members of families 10 and 19 and many members of family 16 appear to have 3 transmembrane segment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holin
Holins are a diverse group of small proteins produced by dsDNA bacteriophages in order to trigger and control the degradation of the host's cell wall at the end of the lytic cycle. Holins form pores in the host's cell membrane, allowing lysins to reach and degrade peptidoglycan, a component of bacterial cell walls. Holins have been shown to regulate the timing of lysis with great precision. Over 50 unrelated gene families encode holins, making them the most diverse group of proteins with common function. Together with lysins, holins are being studied for their potential use as antibacterial agents. While canonical holins act by forming large pores, pinholins such as the S protein of lambdoid phage 21 act by forming heptameric channels that depolarize the bacterial membrane. They are associated with SAR endolysins, which remain inactive in the periplasm prior to the depolarization of the membrane. Viruses that infect eukaryotic cells may use similar channel-forming proteins called ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lysin
Lysins, also known as endolysins or murein hydrolases, are hydrolytic enzymes produced by bacteriophages in order to cleave the host's cell wall during the final stage of the lytic cycle. Lysins are highly evolved enzymes that are able to target one of the five bonds in peptidoglycan (murein), the main component of bacterial cell walls, which allows the release of progeny virions from the lysed cell. Cell-wall-containing Archaea are also lysed by specialized pseudomurein-cleaving lysins, while most archaeal viruses employ alternative mechanisms. Similarly, not all bacteriophages synthesize lysins: some small single-stranded DNA and RNA phages produce membrane proteins that activate the host's autolytic mechanisms such as autolysins. Lysins are being used as antibacterial agents due to their high effectiveness and specificity in comparison with antibiotics, which are susceptible to bacterial resistance. Structure Double-stranded DNA phage lysins tend to lie within the 25 to 40 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holins
Holins are a diverse group of small proteins produced by dsDNA bacteriophages in order to trigger and control the degradation of the host's cell wall at the end of the lytic cycle. Holins form pores in the host's cell membrane, allowing lysins to reach and degrade peptidoglycan, a component of bacterial cell walls. Holins have been shown to regulate the timing of lysis with great precision. Over 50 unrelated gene families encode holins, making them the most diverse group of proteins with common function. Together with lysins, holins are being studied for their potential use as antibacterial agents. While canonical holins act by forming large pores, pinholins such as the S protein of lambdoid phage 21 act by forming heptameric channels that depolarize the bacterial membrane. They are associated with SAR endolysins, which remain inactive in the periplasm prior to the depolarization of the membrane. Viruses that infect eukaryotic cells may use similar channel-forming proteins calle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
