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Count Ferdinand Edzard Of East Frisia
Count Ferdinand Edzard of East Frisia (12 July 1636, Aurich – 1 January 1668, Norden) was known as the "Count of Norden". Life Ferdinand Edzard was a member of the Cirksena ruling house of East Frisia. He was the youngest son of Count Ulrich II of East Frisia and Landgravine Juliana of Hesse-Darmstadt. From the age of 14, he attended the academies of Breda and Tübingen. As part of his training, he undertook extensive travels to France, Switzerland, Italy and England. In 1658, he returned to the court of his brother Prince Enno Louis at Aurich. After Enno Louis's sudden death in March 1660, Ferdinand Edzard demanded that power be shared between himself and his brother George Christian. He could not prevail. His request to have his share of the inheritance paid out, did not succeed either. On 18 January 1661 the brothers came to an agreement. Ferdinand Edzard dropped his request for a share of power in return for an annual sum of money and an apanage consisting t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cirksena
The House of Cirksena () was the name of the ruling family of Ostfriesland. They descended from a line of East Frisian chieftains from Greetsiel. East Frisia In 1439, in the wake of clashes between different lines of chieftains, the town of Emden was first placed by Hamburg under direct rule and then, in 1453, given to the Cirksena. The family administered and ruled the town until 1595. The Cirksena gained strength and succeeded the chieftain line of the tom Broks, after their opponent Focko Ukena was defeated and expelled by several allied chieftains, led by Edzard Cirksena. Ulrich Cirksena (d. 1466) was elevated to the rank of imperial count by Emperor Frederick III and enfeoffed with the Imperial County of East Frisia. The most important ruler from the House of Cirksena was Edzard the Great (1462–1528), under whose leadership the Imperial County of East Frisia reached its greatest extent. During his reign, the Reformation spread throughout East Frisia. In 1654, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulrich II, Count Of East Frisia
Ulrich II of East Frisia, was count of East Frisia, (6 July 1605 – Aurich, 1 November 1648) was the fifth child and the third son of Enno III, Count of East Frisia and Anna of Holstein-Gottorp. He inherited the East Frisia after the unexpected death of his brother Rudolf Christian on 17 April 1628. He reigned during the Thirty Years' War. East Frisia did not participate in the war, but general Ernst von Mansfeld quartered his troops in East Frisia, causing great distress. The only exception was Emden because of the recently completed city wall, the city of Emden was protected against foreign troops. Life Historian tend to have a negative view of Ulrich II. His brother Rudolf Christian died unexpectedly, from a stab in his left eye during an argument with a lieutenant in the army of general Matthias Gallas quartered at Berum Castle. He accepted the position of Count of East Frisia only reluctantly. He was said to prefer to enjoy himself about town, deriving great ple ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juliana Of Hesse-Darmstadt
Juliana of Hesse-Darmstadt (14 April 1606 in Darmstadt – 15 January 1659 in Osterode am Harz) was the wife of Count Ulrich II of East Frisia and was regent for her minor son Enno Louis from 1648 to 1651. Her parents were Landgrave Louis V of Hesse-Darmstadt and Magdalene of Brandenburg, daughter of Elector John George von Brandenburg. Juliana arrived in East Frisia on 5 March 1631 and married count Ulrich II on the same day. She and her husband had three sons: Enno Louis, George Christian and Edzard Ferdinand. Even during the turmoil of the Thirty Years' War Ulrich managed to build a Lustschloss for his wife at Sandhorst. It was completed in 1648 even though East Frisia had to endure great hardship during the war, due to various foreign occupiers. After her husband's death, she was appointed guardian of her minor sons, and regent of the county. However, she sent her cumbersome sons abroad and lived a life of decadence, leaving the management of the badly damage ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aurich
Aurich (; East Frisian Low Saxon: ''Auerk'', West Frisian: ''Auwerk'', stq, Aurk) is a town in the East Frisian region of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Aurich and is the second largest City in East Frisia, both in population, after Emden, and in area, after Wittmund. History The history of Aurich dates back to the 13th century, when the settlement of ''Aurechove'' was mentioned in a Frisian document called the '' Brokmerbrief'' in 1276. There are various hypotheses about the interpretation of the city name. It either refers to a person (Affo, East Frisian first name ) and his property (Reich) or it refers to waterworks on the fertile, water-rich lowland of the Aa (or Ehe) river, upon which the city was built; medieval realizations were Aurichove, Aurike, Aurikehove, Auerk, Auryke, Auwerckhove, Auwerick, Auwerck, Auwreke, Awerck, Awreke, Awrik, Auwerich and Aurickeshove . In 1517, Count Edzard from the House of Cirksena began rebuilding the tow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norden, Lower Saxony
Norden (East Frisian Low Saxon: ''Nörden'') is a town in the district of Aurich, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated near the North Sea shore, in East Frisia. Town and land use Norden consists of the town itself and ten official subdistricts. In addition to the old town centre, the main town includes the former municipality of Sandbauerschaft and the subdistricts Ekel, Lintel and Westgaste. They are divided into various quarters and residential areas such as Neustadt, Westlintel, Ostlintel, Ekelergaste, In der Wirde, Vierzig Diemat, Martensdorf, or "millionaire quarter". They have in common that they do not have any administrative function, but are places referred to in everyday local language. The other subdistricts are Bargebur, Leybuchtpolder, Norddeich (which bore the name '' Lintelermarsch'' until 1972), Westermarsch I, Westermarsch II, Southderneuland I, Southderneuland II and Tidofeld. The main town and the villages of Bargebur, Norddeich, Süderneneula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enno Louis, Prince Of East Frisia
Enno Louis of East Frisia, was count of East Frisia and after 1654 ''Fürst (Prince) of East Frisia'', (29 October 1632 – Aurich, 4 April 1660) and the son of Ulrich II and Juliana of Hesse-Darmstadt. Life Enno Louis grew up in the Netherlands, France and Switzerland and had an expensive education. At the age of 19 he was appointed Reichshofrat on the court of emperor Ferdinand III. With this the emperor recognised his maturity and governing skills. So he could push aside his mother Juliana of Hesse-Darmstadt and her advisers from the government. In 1651 he became count of East Frisia. Quickly after this he tried and executed the favourite and lover of his mother, the geheimrat ''Johann von Marenholz''. He was executed in Wittmund on July 21, 1651. He attempted to become Reichsfürst (Prince) and with the help of the East Frisian scholar Hermann Conring and 15,000 guiders he succeeded in this goal in 1654. Although only for himself and without a seat in the Reichstag. Hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Christian, Prince Of East Frisia
George Christian (6 February 1634, Aurich – 6 June 1665, Aurich) was a member of the Cirksena family and succeeded his brother Enno Louis as ruler of East Frisia. He ruled from 1660 to 1665. Under his reign, the Cirksena family acquired on 18 April 1662 the hereditary title of Imperial Prince. George Christian grew up with his brother at the court in Aurich. After 1649, they received further education at the academies of Breda and Tübingen. In Tübingen he met his future wife, Christine Charlotte, a daughter of Duke Eberhard III of Württemberg from his first marriage to Anna Dorothea of Salm-Kyrburg. He could only marry her after had he received the hereditary title of Imperial Prince on 18 April 1662. This gave him the proper rank to marry a Princess of Württemberg (german: Ebenbürtigkeit), and so the marriage was finally performed on 10 May 1662 in the city of Stuttgart. The union produced only two short-lived daughters during George Christian's lifetime: Eberhardi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apanage
An appanage, or apanage (; french: apanage ), is the grant of an estate, title, office or other thing of value to a younger child of a sovereign, who would otherwise have no inheritance under the system of primogeniture. It was common in much of Europe. The system of appanage greatly influenced the territorial construction of France and the German states and explains why many of the former provinces of France had coats of arms which were modified versions of the king's arms. Etymology Late Latin , from or 'to give bread' (), a for food and other necessities, hence for a "subsistence" income, notably in kind, as from assigned land. Original appanage: in France History of the French appanage An appanage was a concession of a fief by the sovereign to his younger sons, while the eldest son became king on the death of his father. Appanages were considered as part of the inheritance transmitted to the (French , "later", + , "born asc.) sons; the word (from the Latin compar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christine Charlotte Of Württemberg
Christine Charlotte of Württemberg (21 October 1645, Stuttgart – 16 May 1699, Bruchhausen) was a princess consort of East Frisia by marriage to George Christian, Prince of East Frisia. She served as the regent of East Frisia during the minority of her son from 1665 until 1690. Life Christine Charlotte was a daughter of Duke Eberhard III of Württemberg from his first marriage to Anna Dorothea of Salm-Kyrburg. At the age of 17 she married on 14 May 1662 Count George Christian of East Frisia, who was raised in the same year to the rank of heritable Prince. Regency George Christian died on 6 June 1665, leaving his wife pregnant with their third child; four months later (1 October 1665), Christine Charlotte gave birth to a son, Christian Everhard. As the mother of the new-born prince, she became his guardian and regent of East Frisia. She tried to rule as an absolutist princess, which led to a series of conflict with the equally self-conscious Estates of East Frisia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Everhard, Prince Of East Frisia
Prince Christian Everhard of East Frisia (1 October 1665, Esens – 30 June 1708, Aurich) was a Prince of East Frisia from the House of Cirksena from the day he was born in 1665, but remained under guardianship until 1690. Life Before taking office, Everhard spent much time abroad. Unlike some other members of the Cirksena family, he had few disputes with the Estates of East Frisia. He took over the government in 1690 from his mother, who administered the country until then as his guardian and regent. He quickly settled some disputes with the Estates, consolidating the peace, and bringing him the nickname "the peaceable". Everhard was considered prudent, tolerant and pious. Like his mother, he allowed the presence of the Reformed Church although he himself was Lutheran. He approved an inheritance treaty with the Guelph elector Ernest Augustus of Brunswick-Lüneburg. The treaty was subsequently rejected by the emperor, who instead accepted a claim by Brandenburg and ruled th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1636 Births
Events January–March * January 1 – Anthony van Diemen takes office as Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), and will serve until his death in 1645. * January 18 – ''The Duke's Mistress'', the last play by James Shirley, is given its first performance. * February 21 – Al Walid ben Zidan, Sultan of Morocco, is assassinated by French renegades. * February 26 – Nimi a Lukeni a Nzenze a Ntumba is installed as King Alvaro VI of Kongo, in the area now occupied by the African nation of Angola, and rules until his death on February 22, 1641. * March 5 (February 24 Old Style) – King Christian IV of Denmark and Norway gives an order, that all beggars that are able to work must be sent to Brinholmen, to build ships or to work as galley rowers. * March 13 (March 3 Old Style) – A "great charter" to the University of Oxford establishes the Oxford University Press, as the second of the privileged presses in England. * March ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1668 Deaths
Events January–March * January 23 – The Triple Alliance of 1668 is formed between England, Sweden and the United Provinces of the Netherlands. * February 13 – In Lisbon, a peace treaty is established between Afonso VI of Portugal and Carlos II of Spain, by mediation of Charles II of England, in which the legitimacy of the Portuguese monarch is recognized. Portugal yields Ceuta to Spain. * c. February – The English Parliament and bishops seek to suppress Thomas Hobbes' treatise ''Leviathan''. * March 8 – In the Cretan War, the navy of the Republic of Venice defeats an Ottoman Empire naval force of 12 ships and 2,000 galleys that had attempted to seize a small Venetian galley near the port of Agia Pelagia. * March 23 – The Bawdy House Riots of 1668 take place in London when a group of English Dissenters begins attacking brothels, initially as a protest against the harsh enforcement of laws against private worshipers and the lack ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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