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Council Of Ten (Almohad)
The Council of Ten ( or ) was a group of Ibn Tumart's earliest and closest disciples, at the top of the hierarchy of the Almohad movement. It was composed of members from different tribes, including ‘Abd al-Mu’min al-Kumi of the Zanata, the chronicler al-Baydhaq of the Sanhaja, and the tribal chief Abu Hafs ‘Umar al-Hintati of the Masmuda. The Council of Ten evoked the image of the Prophet Muhammad's ten companions, though sources indicate that, for the Almohad council, ten was more of a name than a fixed number of members. The status of members of the Council of Ten was based, not on tribal origin, but on adherence to Almohad doctrine Almohad doctrine () or Almohadism was the ideology underpinning the Almohad movement, founded by Ibn Tumart, which created the Almohad Caliphate, Almohad Empire during the 12th to 13th centuries. Fundamental to Almohadism was Ibn Tumart's radical ... and proximity to Ibn Tumart. Members of the Council of Ten were appointed as governors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Tumart
Abu Abd Allah Amghar Ibn Tumart ( Berber: ''Amghar ibn Tumert'', ar, أبو عبد الله امغار ابن تومرت, ca. 1080–1130 or 1128) was a Muslim Berber religious scholar, teacher and political leader, from the Sous in southern Morocco. He founded and served as the spiritual and first military leader of the Almohad movement, a puritanical reform movement launched among the Masmuda Berbers of the Atlas Mountains. Ibn Tumart launched an open revolt against the ruling Almoravids during the 1120s. After his death his followers, the Almohads, went on to conquer much of North Africa and part of Spain. Biography Early life Many of the details of Ibn Tumart's life were recorded by hagiographers, whose accounts probably mix legendary elements from the Almohad doctrine of their founding figure and spiritual leader. Ibn Tumart was born sometime between 1078 and 1082 in the small village of Igiliz (exact location uncertain) in the Sous region of southern Morocco.H. Kennedy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Ten To Whom Paradise Was Promised
The ten to whom Paradise was promised (Arabic: ar, العشرة المبشرون, translit=al-ʿashara al-mubashsharūn, label=none or ar, العشرة المبشرة, translit=al-ʿashara al-mubashshara, label=none) were ten early Muslims to whom, according to Sunni Islamic tradition, the Islamic prophet Muhammad () had promised Paradise. Several different lists of names exist, but most of them contain the four Rashidun caliphs Abu Bakr (), Umar (), Uthman (), and Ali (), as well as the members of the committee ( ) that elected Uthman as caliph, i.e., Talha (), Zubayr (born , died 656), Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf (), and Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas (born , died ). The version that became canonical from the 9th century on also lists Sa'id ibn Zayd () and Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah (). However, the earliest known version of the list, which may date to , contains the name of the first Umayyad caliph Mu'awiya (). Mu'awiya's place was occupied in later versions by Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah, or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Al-Qattan
Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Mohammed ibn al-Qattan al-Fasi (died 1231) was an imam, a hadith scholar and one of the leading intellectuals of the time of the Almohad dynasty. He was born in Cordoba and lived in Fes Fez or Fes (; ar, فاس, fās; zgh, ⴼⵉⵣⴰⵣ, fizaz; french: Fès) is a city in northern inland Morocco and the capital of the Fès-Meknès administrative region. It is the second largest city in Morocco, with a population of 1.11 mi .... He is the author of ''Kitab al-nazar fi ahkam al-nazar bi-hassat al-basar'' and ''Bayan al-Wahm wa al-iham al-waqi'in fi kitab al-ahkam''.ed. al-Huasayn Ayat Said, 5 vols (Riad: Dar al-Tayba, 1997 ref. in:Jonathan A. C. Brown, ''The canonization of al-Bukhārī'', BRILL, 2007, passim References {{DEFAULTSORT:Ibn Qattan, Ali Hadith scholars 1231 deaths People from Córdoba, Spain Year of birth unknown 13th-century jurists Almohad scholars ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Évariste Lévi-Provençal
Évariste Lévi-Provençal (4 January 1894 – 27 March 1956) was a French medievalist, orientalist, Arabist, and historian of Islam. The scholar who would take the name Lévi-Provençal was born 4 January 1894 in Constantine, French Algeria, as Makhlóuf Evariste Levi ( ar, مخلوف إفاريست ليفي),ParkWasserstein his second name revealing that his North-African Jewish family was already somewhat Gallicized. By the age of nineteen when he published his first paper he had rechristened himself Évariste Lévi-Provençal. He studied at the Lycée in Constantine, and served in the French army during World War I, being wounded in the Dardanelles in 1917. He then joined the Institut des Hautes Etudes Marocaines. He held positions at the University of Algiers (1926) and later the Sorbonne (1945). Lévi-Provençal was the founder of the French study of Islam and the first director of the Institute of Islamic Studies (''Institut d'études islamiques'') in Algiers. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kitāb Al-Ansāb , or ''kitāb''
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Kitab ( ar, کتاب, link=no, ''kitāb''), also transcribed kitaab, is the Arabic, Turkic, Urdu, Hindi and in various Indian Languages word for "book". * ''Kitaab'', a 1977 Hindi language movie * ''Kithaab'' (also written ''Kitab''), a 2018 Malayalam language play * ''Kitab'', the Russian name for Kitob, a city in Uzbekistan See also * K-T-B, a Semitic word triconsonantal root * Khitab, a town in northwestern Syria * Kitab-Verlag, a publishing house in Klagenfurt, Austria * Mus'haf A muṣḥaf ( ar, مُصْحَفْ, ; plural ''maṣāḥif'') is an Arabic word for a codex or collection of sheets, but also refers to a written copy of the Quran. The chapters of the Quran, which Muslims believe was revealed during a 23-year ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capture Of Marrakesh (1147)
The Almohad conquest of Marrakesh took place in 1147, when the Almohad Caliphate, Almohad movement took control of the Marrakesh, Almoravid capital. The Almoravid Emir Ishaq ibn Ali, Ishaq ibn Ali's forces held Marrakesh until Almohad forces led by Abd al-Mu'min finally breached the city's Walls of Marrakesh, fortifications after months of siege, and after the Almohads had already take control of vast swaths of Almoravid territories in North Africa and al-Andalus. Background The Almohad Caliphate, Almohad movement, initiated by Ibn Tumart, sought to overthrow the ruling Almoravid dynasty. In 1130 the Almohads were defeated in an attempt to conquer Marrakesh from the Almoravids in the Battle of al-Buhayra. Ibn Tumart died in this battle and was succeeded by Abd al-Mu'min, Abd al-Mu’min, who was to capture Marrakesh in 1147. Campaign Abd al-Mu’min left Sous, Sūs in 1141 and began a long campaign working his way around the mountains conquering the High Atlas, Middle Atlas a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Almohad Doctrine
Almohad doctrine () or Almohadism was the ideology underpinning the Almohad movement, founded by Ibn Tumart, which created the Almohad Caliphate, Almohad Empire during the 12th to 13th centuries. Fundamental to Almohadism was Ibn Tumart's radical interpretation of Tawhid, ''tawḥid''—"unity" or "oneness"—from which the Almohads get their name: ''al-muwaḥḥidūn'' (). The reformist ideology and policies of the Almohads involved a series of attempted radical changes to Islam, Islamic religious and social doctrine under their rule. These policies affected large parts of the Maghreb and altered the existing religious climate in al-Andalus (Islamic Spain and Portugal) for many decades. They marked a major departure from the social policies and attitudes of earlier Muslim governments in the region, including the preceding Almoravid dynasty, Almoravid dynasty which had followed its own reformist agenda. The teachings of Ibn Tumart were compiled in the book ''Aʿazzu Mā Yuṭlab'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad
Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 Common Era, CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Muhammad in Islam, Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet Divine inspiration, divinely inspired to preach and confirm the tawhid, monotheistic teachings of Adam in Islam, Adam, Abraham in Islam, Abraham, Moses in Islam, Moses, Jesus in Islam, Jesus, and other Prophets and messengers in Islam, prophets. He is believed to be the Seal of the Prophets within Islam. Muhammad united Arabian Peninsula, Arabia into a single Muslim polity, with the Quran as well as his teachings and practices forming the basis of Islamic religious belief. Muhammad was born approximately 570CE in Mecca. He was the son of Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Amina bint Wahb. His father Abdullah was the son of Quraysh tribal leader Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim, and he died a few months before Muhammad's birth. His mother Amina died when he was six, lea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Almohad Caliphate
The Almohad Caliphate (; ar, خِلَافَةُ ٱلْمُوَحِّدِينَ or or from ar, ٱلْمُوَحِّدُونَ, translit=al-Muwaḥḥidūn, lit=those who profess the Tawhid, unity of God) was a North African Berbers, Berber Muslim empire founded in the 12th century. At its height, it controlled much of the Iberian Peninsula (Al Andalus) and North Africa (the Maghreb). The Almohad movement was founded by Ibn Tumart among the Berber Masmuda tribes, but the Almohad caliphate and its ruling dynasty were founded after his death by Abd al-Mu'min, Abd al-Mu'min al-Gumi. Around 1120, Ibn Tumart first established a Berber state in Tinmel in the Atlas Mountains. Under Abd al-Mu'min (r. 1130–1163) they succeeded in overthrowing the ruling Almoravid dynasty governing Morocco in 1147, when he conquered Marrakesh and declared himself caliph. They then extended their power over all of the Maghreb by 1159. Al-Andalus soon followed, and all of Muslim Iberia was under Almohad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Masmuda
The Masmuda ( ar, المصمودة, Berber: ⵉⵎⵙⵎⵓⴷⵏ) is a Berber tribal confederation of Morocco and one of the largest in the Maghreb, along with the Zanata and the Sanhaja. They were composed of several sub-tribes: Berghouatas, Ghomaras (Ghomarids), Hintatas (Hafsids), Tin Malel, Hergha, Genfisa, Seksiwa, Gedmiwa, Hezerdja, Urika, Guerouanes, Bni M'tir, Hezmira, Regraga, Haha les Banou Maghus, Gilawa and others. Today, the Masmuda confederacy largely corresponds to the speakers of the Shilha (Tachelhit) Berber variety, whereas other clans, such as Regraga have adopted Arabic. History The Masmuda settled large parts of Morocco, and were largely sedentary and practised agriculture. The residence of the Masmuda aristocracy was Aghmat in the High Atlas mountains. From the 10th century the Berber tribes of the Sanhaja and Zanata groups invaded the lands of the Masmuda, followed from the 12th century onwards by Arab Bedouins (see Banu Hilal). Ibn Tumart united th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Hafs Umar Ibn Yahya Al-Hintati
Abū Ḥafṣ ʿUmar b. Yaḥyā al-Hintātī (, born Faskāt ū-Mzāl Īntī; c. 482–571 Hijri / 1090–1175 or 1176), chief of the Hintata, was a close companion of Ibn Tumart and a shaper of the Almohad Empire greatly responsible for the unification of the Almohad corps. His grandson Abū Zakariyyāʾ Yahyā b. ʿAbd al-Waḥīd founded the Hafsid dynasty in Ifriqiya. He lived a long life and helped maintain ties between the Almohad movement's early revolutionary doctrine and its later dynastic period established by ʿAbd al-Muʾmin. Abū Ḥafṣ led the Hintata tribe of the central Moroccan High Atlas, and mobilized his soldiers to fight against the Almoravids in support of the Almohads. Due to the necessity of unifying the tribes of the Atlas, and with Ibn Tumart's confidence, Abū Ḥafṣ led soldiers from his own tribe in battle—one of the few allowed to do so. Without this critical military support, it is unlikely that the Almohad offensive would have come together ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
