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Cotman V Brougham
''Cotman v Brougham'' 918AC 514 is UK company law case concerning the objects clause of a company, and the problems involving the ''ultra vires'' doctrine. It held that a clause stipulating the courts should not read long lists of objects as subordinate to one another was valid. This case is now largely an historical artifact, given that new companies no longer have to register objects under the Companies Act 2006 section 31, and that even if they do the ''ultra vires'' doctrine has been abolished against third parties under section 39. It is only relevant in an action against a director for breach of duty under section 171 for failure to observe the limits of their constitutional power. Facts Essequibo Rubber and Tobacco Estates Limited was registered on 6 April 1910 under the Companies (Consolidation) Act 1908, whose section 3 required a company to register its objects. The company had a huge number of objects and its last clause said that clauses should be read individually a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Objects Clause
An objects clause is a provision in a company's constitution stating the purpose and range of activities for which the company is carried on. In UK company law, until reforms enacted in the Companies Act 1989 and the Companies Act 2006, an objects clause circumscribed the capacity, or power, of a company to act. To avoid problems, long and unwieldy 'catch-all' objects clauses were often drafted to include as much potential activity as possible, and thus avoid dealings being found to be ''ultra vires'': the legal position was that any contract entered into beyond the power, or ''ultra vires'', would be deemed void ''ab initio''. The legal problems concerning objects clauses are now largely historical artifacts. Newly registered companies no longer have to register objects under the Companies Act 2006 section 31, and that even if they do, the ''ultra vires'' doctrine has been abolished against third parties under section 39. A clause is only relevant in an action against a director ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Buckley, 1st Baron Wrenbury
Henry Burton Buckley, 1st Baron Wrenbury, PC (15 September 1845 – 27 October 1935), was a British barrister and judge. Buckley was the fourth son of Reverend John Wall Buckley and his wife Elizabeth Burton, daughter of Thomas Burton; his elder sister Arabella was a writer and science educator. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School and at Christ's College, Cambridge. He was Tancred law student from 1866 to 1872. Buckley was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1869, and became a Queen's Counsel in 1886. He was a member of the Bar Committee and of the Bar Council from 1882 to 1898. In January 1900 he was appointed a judge of the High Court of Justice of England and Wales, and he received the customary knighthood from Queen Victoria at Windsor Castle on 3 March 1900. He became a Lord Justice of Appeal and was admitted to the Privy Council in 1906, and on his retirement in 1915 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Wrenbury, of Old Castle in the County of East Sussex. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1918 In Case Law
This year is noted for the end of the World War I, First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide. Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January – 1918 flu pandemic: The "Spanish flu" (influenza) is first observed in Haskell County, Kansas. * January 4 – The Finnish Declaration of Independence is recognized by Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Soviet Russia, Sweden, German Empire, Germany and France. * January 9 – Battle of Bear Valley: U.S. troops engage Yaqui people, Yaqui Native American warriors in a minor skirmish in Arizona, and one of the last battles of the American Indian Wars between the United States and Native Americans. * January 15 ** The keel of is laid in Britain, the first purpose-designed aircraft carrier to be laid down. ** The Red Army (The Workers and Peasants Red Army) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Kingdom Company Case Law
United may refer to: Places * United, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community * United, West Virginia, an unincorporated community Arts and entertainment Films * ''United'' (2003 film), a Norwegian film * ''United'' (2011 film), a BBC Two film Literature * ''United!'' (novel), a 1973 children's novel by Michael Hardcastle Music * United (band), Japanese thrash metal band formed in 1981 Albums * ''United'' (Commodores album), 1986 * ''United'' (Dream Evil album), 2006 * ''United'' (Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell album), 1967 * ''United'' (Marian Gold album), 1996 * ''United'' (Phoenix album), 2000 * ''United'' (Woody Shaw album), 1981 Songs * "United" (Judas Priest song), 1980 * "United" (Prince Ital Joe and Marky Mark song), 1994 * "United" (Robbie Williams song), 2000 * "United", a song by Danish duo Nik & Jay featuring Lisa Rowe Television * ''United'' (TV series), a 1990 BBC Two documentary series * ''United!'', a soap opera that aired on BBC One from 1965-19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Re Introductions Ltd
Re or RE may refer to: Geography * Re, Norway, a former municipality in Vestfold county, Norway * Re, Vestland, a village in Gloppen municipality, Vestland county, Norway * Re, Piedmont, an Italian municipality * Île de Ré, an island off the west coast of France ** Le Bois-Plage-en-Ré, a commune on that island * Re di Anfo, a torrent (seasonal stream) in Italy * Re di Gianico, Re di Niardo, Re di Sellero, and Re di Tredenus, torrents in the Val Camonica * Réunion (ISO 3166-1 code), a French overseas department and island in the Indian Ocean Music * Re, the second syllable of the scale in solfège ** Re, or D (musical note), the second note of the musical scale in ''fixed do'' solfège * Re: (band), a musical duo based in Canada and the United States Albums * ''Re'' (Café Tacuba album) * ''Re'' (Les Rita Mitsouko album) * ''Re.'' (Aya Ueto album) * ''Re:'' (Kard EP) Other media * Resident Evil, popular video game franchise of survival horror * ''...Re'' (film), a 2016 I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bell Houses V City Wall Properties
A bell is a directly struck idiophone percussion instrument. Most bells have the shape of a hollow cup that when struck vibrates in a single strong strike tone, with its sides forming an efficient resonator. The strike may be made by an internal "clapper" or "uvula", an external hammer, or—in small bells—by a small loose sphere enclosed within the body of the bell (jingle bell). Bells are usually cast from bell metal (a type of bronze) for its resonant properties, but can also be made from other hard materials. This depends on the function. Some small bells such as ornamental bells or cowbells can be made from cast or pressed metal, glass or ceramic, but large bells such as a church, clock and tower bells are normally cast from bell metal. Bells intended to be heard over a wide area can range from a single bell hung in a turret or bell-gable, to a musical ensemble such as an English ring of bells, a carillon or a Russian zvon which are tuned to a common scale and installe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ashbury Railway Carriage & Iron Co Ltd V Riche
''Ashbury Railway Carriage and Iron Co Ltd v Riche'' (1875) LR 7 HL 653 is a UK company law case, which concerned the objects clause of a company's memorandum of association. Its importance as case law has been diminished as a result of the Companies Act 2006 s 31, which allows for unlimited objects for which a company may be carried on. Furthermore, any limits a company does have in its objects clause have no effect whatsoever for people outside a company (s 39 CA 2006), except as a general issue of authority of the company's agents. Facts Incorporated under the Companies Act 1862, the Ashbury Railway Carriage and Iron Company Ltd’s memorandum, clause 3, stated that its objects were "to make and sell, or lend on hire, railway-carriages…" and clause 4 stated that activities beyond this needed a special resolution. But the company agreed to give Riche and his brother a loan to build a railway from Antwerp to Tournai in Belgium.Yadaf, H. R., (2012)Doctrine of Ultra Vires unde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Atkinson, Baron Atkinson
John Atkinson, Baron Atkinson, (13 December 1844 – 13 March 1932) was an Irish politician and judge. He was a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary from 1905 to 1928. Early life and career Atkinson was born at Drogheda, County Louth, the eldest son of Edward Atkinson, a physician, of Glenwilliam Castle, County Limerick and Skea House, Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, and his wife Rosetta. He was educated at the Belfast Academy and later at Queen's College Galway, which he attended from 1858 to 1865. He won Junior Scholarships in the Science Division of the Faculty of Arts, 1858–9, 1859–60 and 1860–1. He was awarded the B.A. degree in mathematics with first-class honours in 1861, and pursued a varied postgraduate career – from initial study of the sciences (with Senior Scholarships in Mathematics, 1861–2, and Natural Philosophy, 1862–3) he moved into Law, gaining a first-class Diploma in Elementary Law in 1864. A further Senior Scholarship, this time in Law, followed, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Parker, Baron Parker Of Waddington
Robert John Parker, Baron Parker of Waddington, PC (25 February 1857 – 12 July 1918) was a British judge who served as Lord of Appeal in Ordinary. He has been described as "one of the most esteemed judges of the early twentieth century." Early life and career Born at Claxby Rectory, Alford, Lincolnshire, Parker was the son of the Reverend Richard Parker and of Elizabeth Coffin. His sister was the mental health worker Dame Ellen Pinsent. He was educated at Westminster School, Eton College (where he was a King's Scholar and Newcastle medallist), and King's College, Cambridge. At Cambridge he won the Browne Medal for Greek ode, and in 1880 was bracketed fifth in the first class of the classical tripos. After taking his degree in 1880, Parker entered at Lincoln's Inn as a student and read in the chambers of Matthew Ingle Joyce. He was called to the bar in 1883 and remained in Ingle Joyce's chambers. In 1900, Ingle Joyce was appointed to the High Court, and Parker was se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UK Company Law
The United Kingdom company law regulates corporations formed under the Companies Act 2006. Also governed by the Insolvency Act 1986, the UK Corporate Governance Code, European Union Directives and court cases, the company is the primary legal vehicle to organise and run business. Tracing their modern history to the late Industrial Revolution, public companies now employ more people and generate more of wealth in the United Kingdom economy than any other form of organisation. The United Kingdom was the first country to draft modern corporation statutes, where through a simple registration procedure any investors could incorporate, limit liability to their commercial creditors in the event of business insolvency, and where management was delegated to a centralised board of directors. An influential model within Europe, the Commonwealth and as an international standard setter, UK law has always given people broad freedom to design the internal company rules, so long as the mandato ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Companies Act 2006
The Companies Act 2006 (c 46) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which forms the primary source of UK company law. The Act was brought into force in stages, with the final provision being commenced on 1 October 2009. It largely superseded the Companies Act 1985. The Act provides a comprehensive code of company law for the United Kingdom, and made changes to almost every facet of the law in relation to companies. The key provisions are: * the Act codifies certain existing common law principles, such as those relating to directors' duties. * it transposes into UK law the Takeover Directive and the Transparency Directive of the European Union * it introduces various new provisions for private and public companies. * it applies a single company law regime across the United Kingdom, replacing the two separate (if identical) systems for Great Britain and Northern Ireland. * it otherwise amends or restates almost all of the Companies Act 1985 to varying degrees. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intra Vires
('beyond the powers') is a List of Latin phrases, Latin phrase used in law to describe an act which requires legal authority but is done without it. Its opposite, an act done under proper authority, is ('within the powers'). Acts that are may equivalently be termed "valid", and those that are termed "invalid". Legal issues relating to can arise in a variety of contexts: * Company, Companies and other legal persons sometimes have limited capacity (law), legal capacity to act, and attempts to engage in activities beyond their legal capacities may be . Most countries have restricted the doctrine of in relation to companies by statute. * Similarly, statutory and governmental bodies may have limits upon the acts and activities which they legally engage in. * Primary and secondary legislation, Subordinate legislation which is purported passed without the proper legal authority may be invalid as beyond the powers of the authority which issued it. Corporate law In corporate l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
