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Concept Of Stratification
Concept of Stratification, labelled CST by Prof Lotfi A. Zadeh, was proposed in 2016. Zadeh states that it is a reform in conventional problem solving methods by the consideration of a recursive problem solving approach. Note that this concept should not be mistaken with other similar concepts such as social stratification. CST is not based on social stratification nor related to it. More particularly it is quite different from the previous versions and applications of stratification, such as stratified logic, stratified approach, stratified programming, stratified analysis, among other versions of stratification prior to 2016. This version of stratification can handle a range of problems as explained a year after the original proposal by Asadabadi and his colleagues. The key innovation in CST is that it considers the target states first, and then the target set is gradually enlarged to include the system which is aimed to receive the target. After the system is contained in the e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Target Set, States And Strata In CST
Target may refer to: Physical items * Shooting target, used in marksmanship training and various shooting sports ** Bullseye (target), the goal one for which one aims in many of these sports ** Aiming point, in field artillery, fixed at a specific target * Color chart (or reference card), the reference target used in digital imaging for accurate color reproduction Places * Target, Allier, France * Target Lake, a lake in Minnesota Terms * Target market, marketing strategy ** Target audience, intended audience or readership of a publication, advertisement, or type of message * In mathematics, the target of a function is also called the codomain * Target (cricket), the total number of runs a team needs to win People * Target (rapper), stage name of Croatian hip-hop artist Nenad Šimun * DJ Target, stage name of English grime DJ Darren Joseph, member of Roll Deep * Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target (1733–1807), French lawyer Art and media * The Target, a comic book charact ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lotfi A
Lutfi (also spelled Lotfi, Lutvi or Luthfi, ar, لطفي), meaning "kind" or "gracious", may refer to: Given name Lotfi * Lotfi A. Zadeh (1921–2017), Azerbaijani electrical engineer * Lotfi Akalay (born 1943), Moroccan writer * Lotfi Nezzar, Algerian businessman Lutfi, Lütfi * Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed (1872–1963), Egyptian intellectual * Ali Lutfi Mahmud (1935–2018), Egyptian politician * Lutfi (court official), Ottoman court official * Lutfi Haziri (born 1969), Kosovar politician * Lutfi Lepaja (born 1945), Albanian writer * Lütfi Pasha (died 1564), Ottoman statesman * Lütfi Akadlı (1902–1988), Turkish judge * Lütfi Arıboğan (born 1961), Turkish basketball player * Lütfi Elvan (born 1962), Turkish mining engineer, politician and government minister * Lutfi Kabirova, Tajikistani opera singer * Metin Lütfi Baydar (born 1960), Turkish medical scientist * Mohammed Lutfi Farhat (born 1945), Libyan politician * Mustafa Lutfi al-Manfaluti, Egyptian writer * Ömer Lü ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Problem Solving
Problem solving is the process of achieving a goal by overcoming obstacles, a frequent part of most activities. Problems in need of solutions range from simple personal tasks (e.g. how to turn on an appliance) to complex issues in business and technical fields. The former is an example of simple problem solving (SPS) addressing one issue, whereas the latter is complex problem solving (CPS) with multiple interrelated obstacles. Another classification is into well-defined problems with specific obstacles and goals, and ill-defined problems in which the current situation is troublesome but it is not clear what kind of resolution to aim for. Similarly, one may distinguish formal or fact-based problems requiring psychometric intelligence, versus socio-emotional problems which depend on the changeable emotions of individuals or groups, such as tactful behavior, fashion, or gift choices. Solutions require sufficient resources and knowledge to attain the goal. Professionals such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Stratification
Social stratification refers to a society's categorization of its people into groups based on socioeconomic factors like wealth, income, race, education, ethnicity, gender, occupation, social status, or derived power (social and political). As such, stratification is the relative social position of persons within a social group, category, geographic region, or social unit. In modern Western societies, social stratification is typically defined in terms of three social classes: the upper class, the middle class, and the lower class; in turn, each class can be subdivided into the upper-stratum, the middle-stratum, and the lower stratum. Moreover, a social stratum can be formed upon the bases of kinship, clan, tribe, or caste, or all four. The categorization of people by social stratum occurs most clearly in complex state-based, polycentric, or feudal societies, the latter being based upon socio-economic relations among classes of nobility and classes of peasants. Whether socia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stratified Analysis
In statistics, correlation or dependence is any statistical relationship, whether causal or not, between two random variables or bivariate data. Although in the broadest sense, "correlation" may indicate any type of association, in statistics it usually refers to the degree to which a pair of variables are ''linearly'' related. Familiar examples of dependent phenomena include the correlation between the height of parents and their offspring, and the correlation between the price of a good and the quantity the consumers are willing to purchase, as it is depicted in the so-called demand curve. Correlations are useful because they can indicate a predictive relationship that can be exploited in practice. For example, an electrical utility may produce less power on a mild day based on the correlation between electricity demand and weather. In this example, there is a causal relationship, because extreme weather causes people to use more electricity for heating or cooling. Howev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence—perceiving, synthesizing, and inferring information—demonstrated by machines, as opposed to intelligence displayed by animals and humans. Example tasks in which this is done include speech recognition, computer vision, translation between (natural) languages, as well as other mappings of inputs. The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' of Oxford University Press defines artificial intelligence as: the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages. AI applications include advanced web search engines (e.g., Google), recommendation systems (used by YouTube, Amazon and Netflix), understanding human speech (such as Siri and Alexa), self-driving cars (e.g., Tesla), automated decision-making and competing at the highest level in strategic game systems (such as chess and Go). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Stratified Multi Criteria Decision Making Method (SMCDM)
''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things that are already or about to be mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words. It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with nouns of any gender. The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. Pronunciation In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as (with the voiced dental fricative followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as (homophone of the archaic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multiple-criteria Decision Analysis
Multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) or multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a sub-discipline of operations research that explicitly evaluates multiple conflicting criteria in decision making (both in daily life and in settings such as business, government and medicine). Conflicting criteria are typical in evaluating options: cost or price is usually one of the main criteria, and some measure of quality is typically another criterion, easily in conflict with the cost. In purchasing a car, cost, comfort, safety, and fuel economy may be some of the main criteria we consider – it is unusual that the cheapest car is the most comfortable and the safest one. In portfolio management, managers are interested in getting high returns while simultaneously reducing risks; however, the stocks that have the potential of bringing high returns typically carry high risk of losing money. In a service industry, customer satisfaction and the cost of providing service are fundamen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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