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Commission De Récupération Artistique
The Artistic Recovery Commission (''Commission de récupération artistique'', or CRA) was a French public body of the Ministry of Education created on November 24, 1944, in order to process and return artworks and books plundered by the Nazis during the Occupation of France by Germany during World War II, discovered by the Allies after the defeat of Nazi Germany. History Origins During World War II, Nazis engaged in massive looting of territories occupied by the German army through Nazi looting organizations, notably the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR). In France, the number of works and objects of art looted by German forces during the Occupation is estimated at 100,000 pieces. These included paintings, sculptures, jewelry and furniture mainly stolen from Jewish families, who were targeted by anti-Jewish racial laws. After the defeat of Germany, artworks that the Nazis had looted from France were discovered in Germany. Rose Valland, a conservation curator at the Je ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Occupation Of France
The Military Administration in France (german: Militärverwaltung in Frankreich; french: Occupation de la France par l'Allemagne) was an interim occupation authority established by Nazi Germany during World War II to administer the occupied zone in areas of northern and western France. This so-called ' was established in June 1940, and renamed ' ("north zone") in November 1942, when the previously unoccupied zone in the south known as ' ("free zone") was also occupied and renamed ' ("south zone"). Its role in France was partly governed by the conditions set by the Second Armistice at after the success of the leading to the Fall of France; at the time both French and Germans thought the occupation would be temporary and last only until Britain came to terms, which was believed to be imminent. For instance, France agreed that its soldiers would remain prisoners of war until the cessation of all hostilities. The "French State" (') replaced the French Third Republic that had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albert Henraux
Albert Henraux, or Albert S. Henraux, or Albert Sancholle Henraux, (1881-1953), was an important French arts administrator who served as President of the Arts Council of National Museums, President of the Commission de Récupération Artistique (French Commission for Art Recovery), and President of Friends of the Louvre. Biography A graduate of the Free School of Political Sciences, in 1932 he became president of the Société des Amis du Louvre and president of the Superior Council of National Museums. From November 1944 to December 1949, he chaired the Commission for artistic recovery in charge of repatriating to France works of art, works of art and precious objects, books, archives and manuscripts, looted and taken out of the territory by the Germans during the ' Occupation. In this administration, placed under the supervision of the Director of Arts and Letters and the Minister of National Education, he was the hierarchical superior of Michel Florisoone and Rose Valland. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Claims For Restitution For Nazi-looted Art
The list of restitution claims for art looted by the Nazis or as a result of Nazi persecution is organized by the country in which the paintings were located when the return was requested. Australia and New Zealand Austria Belgium Germany Canada The Netherlands Spain United States France Great Britain Hungary Ireland Israel Italy Japan Liechtenstein Czech Republic Switzerland Poland Links to Restitution Reports from National Committees Reports Austria (Provenance Research and Restitution in the Austrian Federal Collections [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Musées Nationaux Récupération
National Museum Recuperation (MNR or Musées nationaux récupération) is the French state organization that manages the looted artworks recovered from Nazi Germany and returned to France after the Second World War. Of 61,000 looted artworks returned to France, 2143 remain in custody of the MNR. History After the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II, 61,000 plundered artworks recovered by the Allied Monuments Men in Germany were returned to France which was responsible for restituting them to their original owners. 45,000 artworks were returned to their owners, while others were entrusted to the custody of the national museums. These artworks constitute what are called MNRs for Musées Nationaux Récuperation, ("National Museums Recuperation"). The acronym MNR refers to all these works, around 2000, but also constitutes the prefix of the inventory numbers of the only old paintings entrusted to the Department of Paintings of the Louvre (about half of all the works). Jewish ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Holocaust In France
The Holocaust in France was the persecution, deportation, and annihilation of Jews and Roma between 1940 and 1944 in occupied France, metropolitan Vichy France, and in Vichy-controlled French North Africa, during World War II. The persecution began in 1940, and culminated in deportations of Jews from France to Nazi concentration camps in Nazi Germany and Nazi-occupied Poland. The deportation started in 1942 and lasted until July 1944. Of the 340,000 Jews living in metropolitan/continental France in 1940, more than 75,000 were deported to death camps, where about 72,500 were murdered. Anti-semitism was prevalent to at least some extent throughout Europe at the time. As was the case elsewhere in other German-occupied and aligned states, in France the Nazis relied to a considerable extent on the co-operation of local authorities to carry out what they called the Final Solution. The government of Vichy France and the French police organized and implemented the roundups of Jews. Alt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louvre
The Louvre ( ), or the Louvre Museum ( ), is the world's most-visited museum, and an historic landmark in Paris, France. It is the home of some of the best-known works of art, including the ''Mona Lisa'' and the ''Venus de Milo''. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). At any given point in time, approximately 38,000 objects from prehistory to the 21st century are being exhibited over an area of 72,735 square meters (782,910 square feet). Attendance in 2021 was 2.8 million due to the COVID-19 pandemic, up five percent from 2020, but far below pre-COVID attendance. Nonetheless, the Louvre still topped the list of most-visited art museums in the world in 2021."The Art Newspaper", 30 March 2021. The museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built in the late 12th to 13th century under Philip II. Remnants of the Medieval Louvre fortress are visible in the basement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galerie Nationale Du Jeu De Paume
Jeu de Paume ( en, Real Tennis Court) is an arts centre for modern and postmodern photography and media. It is located in the north corner (west side) of the Tuileries Gardens next to the Place de la Concorde in Paris. In 2004, Galerie Nationale du Jeu de Paume, Centre national de la photographie, and Patrimoine Photographique merged to form the Association Jeu de Paume.Jeu De Paume ", . Accessed 24 November 2014. History The rectangular building was constructed in 1861 during the reign of |
René Huyghe
René Huyghe (3 May 1906 – 5 February 1997) was a French writer on the history, psychology and philosophy of art. He was also a curator at the Louvre's department of paintings (from 1930), a professor at the Collège de France and from 1960 a member of the Académie Française. He was the father of the writer François-Bernard Huyghe. Biography René Huyghe studied philosophy and aesthetics at the Sorbonne and the École du Louvre. Made a curator of the Louvre's department of paintings in 1930, he rose to chief curator and professor of the école du Louvre in 1936, aged only 30. He founded and edited the reviews ''L’Amour de l’Art'' and ''Quadrige''. He was one of the first figures in France to make films on art, such as his ''Rubens'' (winner of a prize at the Venice Biennale), and founded the International Federation of Films on Art. During the Second World War Huyghe helped the director of the French Musées Nationaux Jacques Jaujard to organise the evacuation of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Société Des Amis Du Louvre
The Société des amis du Louvre ("Society of Friends of the Louvre") is a voluntary association created in 1897 whose objective is to buy objects with an artistic, archeological, or historical value for the Louvre museum. History The Society was created in 1897 by a group of luminaries and philanthropists that included Roland Bonaparte, Isaac de Camondo, Henry Greffulhe, , and Edmond James de Rothschild. Victor Martin Le Roy, the noted art collector, was also one of the founders and directors of the society. Activity The Society has approximately 70000 members. Donations and membership fees allow it to use each year 3 Million euros to acquire art objects. Its donations to the Louvre museum amount to more than 700 items, from which some masterpieces such as the '' Pietà of Villeneuve-lès-Avignon'', the ''Turkish Bath'' by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, and the diadem of Empress Eugénie. Some of the donations are now in the Guimet Museum or the Musée d'Orsay following r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Jaujard
Jacques Jaujard (3 December 1895 - 21 June 1967) was a senior civil servant of the French fine art administration instrumental in the evacuation and protection of the French arts collections during World War II. Evacuation of the Louvre museum art collection during World War II During the Spanish Civil War in 1938, he supervised the evacuation of the Museo del Prado collections to Switzerland. Before the German army arrived in Paris, and during the German occupation, and against the orders of the Vichy government, he organized the removal and safe storage, in the provinces (first in the Château de Chambord, then in the Château de Sourches, Château de Saint-Blancard, etc...) of the Louvre art collection, helped by curators Germain Bazin, ené Michel/nowiki>">ené Michel">Bazin, Germain [René Michel/nowiki>, ''Dictionary of Art ..., André Chamson, and René Huyghe">André Chamson">ené Michel/nowiki>">ené Michel">Bazin, Germain [René Michel/nowiki>, ''Dictionary of Ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
