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Colombian Cocaine
The illegal drug trade in Colombia has, since the 1970s, centered successively on four major drug trafficking cartels: Medellín, Cali, Norte del Valle, and North Coast, as well as several ''bandas criminales'', or BACRIMs. The trade eventually created a new social class and influenced several aspects of Colombian culture and politics. The Colombian government efforts to reduce the influence of drug-related criminal organizations is one of the origins of the Colombian conflict, an ongoing low-intensity war among rival narcoparamilitary groups, guerrillas and drug cartels fighting each other to increase their influence and against the Colombian government that struggles to stop them. Overview Colombia had the dubious distinction of being the world-leading producer of coca for many years Worldwide demand for psychoactive drugs during the 1960 and 1970s resulted in increased production and processing of these in Colombia. Cocaine produced at $1,500/kilo in jungle labs can be sol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Así Evitamos Que Sigan Envenenando Las Juventudes Del Mundo
''Así'' is the fifth studio album by Mexican singer Benny Ibarra, in which he worked with different musicians such as Erik Rubin Erik Rubín Milanszenko (born 30 January 1971) is a Mexican singer and actor. He was a member of the Mexican teen pop group Timbiriche. Early career At the age of 12, Rubín joined the group Timbiriche, one of the most important and influent .... It was certified Gold in the first week. The singles were "Cada Paso" and "Dejalo Ir". A limited edition contained a DVD with the videoclip of "Cada Paso", behind the scenes and making of the album. Track listing #"Canción Pop" (Benny Ibarra) #"A Veces" (Chetes) #"Cada Paso" (L:Paulyna Carraz M: Emil Billy Mendez) #"Tu Voz" (L: Nuria Domenech M: Santiago Ojeda) #"Déjalo Ir" (L: Ruy García M:Vico, Eric Rubin) #"Te Me Escapas"(Benny Ibarra) #"Tal Vez" (Benny Ibarra) #"Así" (L: Memo Mendez Guiu, M: Memo Mendez, Valeria González Camarena) #"Detrás de Ti" (L: Bernardo Ibarra Sánchez, Urdus, Vico M: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El Salvador
El Salvador (; , meaning " The Saviour"), officially the Republic of El Salvador ( es, República de El Salvador), is a country in Central America. It is bordered on the northeast by Honduras, on the northwest by Guatemala, and on the south by the Pacific Ocean. El Salvador's capital and largest city is San Salvador. The country's population in 2022 is estimated to be 6.5 million. Among the Mesoamerican nations that historically controlled the region are the Lenca (after 600 AD), the Mayans, and then the Cuzcatlecs. Archaeological monuments also suggest an early Olmec presence around the first millennium BC. In the beginning of the 16th century, the Spanish Empire conquered the Central American territory, incorporating it into the Viceroyalty of New Spain ruled from Mexico City. However the Viceroyalty of Mexico had little to no influence in the daily affairs of the isthmus, which was colonized in 1524. In 1609, the area was declared the Captaincy General of Guatemala by t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patriotic Union (Colombia)
The Patriotic Union or UP (in Spanish: ''Unión Patriótica'') is a leftist, Colombian political party, founded by the FARC and the Colombian Communist Party in 1985, as part of the peace negotiations that the guerrillas held with the Conservative Belisario Betancur administration. The party was subject to political violence from drug lords, paramilitaries and security forces agents during the mid-1980s, leading to its eventual decline, virtual disappearance, and extermination. The Colombian justice system counts 5,733 murdered militants of the Patriotic Union. In September 2002, new electoral laws stripped the UP of formal and legal representative status as a political party, but the Council of State of Colombia gave this status back in July 2013, facilitating its members to again run for office. Origins According to internal FARC documents from the group's 1982 Seventh Guerrilla Conference, the FARC originally intended for the creation of a group of clandestine party cells to be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palace Of Justice Siege
The Palace of Justice siege was a 1985 attack on the Supreme Court of Colombia, in which members of the leftist M-19 guerrilla group took over the Palace of Justice in Bogotá and held the Supreme Court hostage, intending to hold a trial against President Belisario Betancur. The guerrilla group called themselves the " Iván Marino Ospina Company" after an M-19 commander who had been killed by the Colombian military on 28 August 1985. Hours later, after a military raid, the incident left almost half of the twenty-five Supreme Court Justices dead. Background Drug dealers had issued death threats against the Supreme Court Justices since 1985, with the intention of forcing them to rule out the Extradition Treaty with the United States. Siege Day one: 6 November On 6 November 1985, at 11:35 a.m., three vehicles holding 35 guerrillas (25 men and 10 women) stormed the Palace of Justice of Colombia, entering through the basement. Meanwhile, another group of guerrillas disguised as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlos Pizarro Leongómez
Carlos Pizarro Leongómez (6 June 1951 – 26 April 1990) was the fourth commander of the Colombian guerrilla group 19th of April Movement (''Movimiento 19 de Abril'') (M-19). Pizarro later ran for president of Colombia after the demobilization of M-19 that transformed the group into the political party, M-19 Democratic Alliance (''Alianza Democrática M-19'') (AD/M-19). Pizarro was assassinated on 26 April 1990. Early years He was the son of navy admiral Juan Antonio Pizarro and Margot Leongómez Matamoros. Admiral Pizarro had been appointed general commander of the Colombian Navy during the administration of Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, and was later appointed as military attaché at the Colombian Embassy in the United States and national representative to the Inter-American Defense Board, so the whole family moved to live in Washington, DC. Upon their return to Colombia, and following the retirement of his father from active duty in 1959, they settled in the city of Cali. Pizarro s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernardo Jaramillo Ossa
Bernardo Jaramillo Ossa (born September 2, 1956 in Manizales, Caldas, died in Bogotá, Cundinamarca on March 22, 1990) was a Colombian politician and member of the Colombian Communist Party. Jaramillo started working primarily in the Urabá Antioquia region until 1987 when he assumed the presidency of the Patriotic Union Party (UP) after the assassination of Jaime Pardo. Youth Bernardo Jaramillo Ossa was born into a poor working family in Manizales. He was the son of Nydia Ossa Escobar and Bernardo Jaramillo Ríos. He had a sister, Clemencia. He finished his baccalaureate at the Instituto Manizales. Where he actively performed important works for the improvement of student conditions. He graduated as a lawyer at the University of Caldas in June 1981 but he did graduate with degrees in law and political science. . His parents commented that from his youth, he understood the problems of poverty that several people lived around him, he founded a popular restaurant when he w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaime Pardo Leal
Jaime Pardo Leal (March 28, 1941 October 11, 1987) was a Colombian lawyer, union leader, and politician, who ran as candidate of the Patriotic Union party for the presidency of Colombia in the 1986 elections, and was later assassinated. Biography and political career Pardo Leal studied law in Universidad Nacional de Colombia, where he graduated as a lawyer in 1963. As a student he became active in the Colombian Communist Youth (JUCO) and was an active part in the student movement. After obtaining his degree he started a long career in the judicial branch of the government, where he worked as judge for town and regional courts, and then in the Superior tribunal and as a magistrate in the Superior Tribunal of Bogotá. As such, Pardo Leal was instrumental in the creation of the judicial branch union Asonal Judicial, and leader of many strikes to push for better work conditions for the employees of the judicial branch. This leadership brought him the enmity of many in the branch. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luis Carlos Galán Sarmiento
Luis is a given name. It is the Spanish form of the originally Germanic name or . Other Iberian Romance languages have comparable forms: (with an accent mark on the i) in Portuguese and Galician, in Aragonese and Catalan, while is archaic in Portugal, but common in Brazil. Origins The Germanic name (and its variants) is usually said to be composed of the words for "fame" () and "warrior" () and hence may be translated to ''famous warrior'' or "famous in battle". According to Dutch onomatologists however, it is more likely that the first stem was , meaning fame, which would give the meaning 'warrior for the gods' (or: 'warrior who captured stability') for the full name.J. van der Schaar, ''Woordenboek van voornamen'' (Prisma Voornamenboek), 4e druk 1990; see also thLodewijs in the Dutch given names database Modern forms of the name are the German name Ludwig and the Dutch form Lodewijk. and the other Iberian forms more closely resemble the French name Louis, a deriv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oper High Step (as defined by Alexander Beilinson and Vladimir Drinfeld), a mathematical bundle on a punctured disc, equipped with a flat connection and an additional extra structure, called the "oper structure"
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Oper may refer to: ;Technology * Operator (other) ** IRC operator * Outstanding Physical Education Preparation, a website for PE preparation ;Opera * Deutsche Oper Berlin, Oper Leipzig, Komische Oper Berlin, Alte Oper * Romantische Oper, genre of German opera ;Surname * Andres Oper, Estonian football player ;Mathematics * Oper (mathematics) In mathematics, an Oper is a principal connection, or in more elementary terms a type of differential operator. They were first defined and used by Vladimir Drinfeld and Vladimir Sokolov to study how the KdV equation and related integrable PDEs co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vienna Convention Against Illicit Traffic In Narcotic Drugs And Psychotropic Substances
The United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 is one of three major drug control treaties currently in force. It provides additional legal mechanisms for enforcing the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs and the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances. The Convention entered into force on November 11, 1990. As of June 2020, there are 191 Parties to the Convention. These include 186 out of 193 United Nations member states (not Equatorial Guinea, Kiribati, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Sudan, or Tuvalu) and the Holy See, the European Union, the Cook Islands, Niue, and the State of Palestine. Background The 1988 Convention was introduced following the political and sociological developments in the 1970s and 1980s. The growing demand for cannabis, cocaine, and heroin for recreational purposes, mostly in the developed world, triggered an increase of illicit production in geographical areas wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
