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Collegium Of Commerce
The Collegium of Commerce (also College, russian: Коммерц-коллегия, from olg German ''Kommerz'' - ''trade'') is the central government agency created by Peter I to protect the trade. History The commission for the establishment of the college was composed in Moscow of three Narva and one Derpt merchant, three Russian guests, three representatives of the living room, and six representatives of settlements. The commission revised the customs charter and offered such tax relief for Riga, Revel and Narva, which the Russian experts found unprofitable for the treasury. This, apparently, was the end of the activity of the Moscow "collegium on commerce". With the resettlement of government offices to Saint Petersburg, in 1715, there was also the Collegium of Commerce, headed by P.M. Apraksin: in that and the next year the board has tried to arrange its office. By the decree of December 15 (26), 1717, the presidents and vice presidents of various colleges were appointe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Language
German ( ) is a West Germanic languages, West Germanic language mainly spoken in Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and Official language, official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italy, Italian province of South Tyrol. It is also a co-official language of Luxembourg and German-speaking Community of Belgium, Belgium, as well as a national language in Namibia. Outside Germany, it is also spoken by German communities in France (Bas-Rhin), Czech Republic (North Bohemia), Poland (Upper Silesia), Slovakia (Bratislava Region), and Hungary (Sopron). German is most similar to other languages within the West Germanic language branch, including Afrikaans, Dutch language, Dutch, English language, English, the Frisian languages, Low German, Luxembourgish, Scots language, Scots, and Yiddish. It also contains close similarities in vocabulary to some languages in the North Germanic languages, North Germanic group, such as Danish lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Commerce Of The Russian Empire
The Ministry of Commerce was the central state institution of the Russian Empire, in charge of foreign and domestic trade. It was created as part of the establishment of ministries, according to the manifesto of September 8, 1802. The former Collegium of Commerce was subordinated to the Minister of Commerce and was divided into 4 institutions: foreign trade, domestic trade, communication and customs affairs. Gavriil Gagarin was the Minister of Commerce in 1800–1801 (before the ministry was established), Nikolay Rumyantsev in 1801–1810. In 1803, the Commerce Department was established. By decree of August 17, 1810, the Ministry of Commerce was disestablished and its competences were divided between the ministries: foreign trade and customs affairs were transferred to the ministry of finance, and domestic trade and communication affairs – to the ministry of internal affairs. See also *Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation The Ministry of Industry and Trad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collegia Of The Russian Empire
A (plural ), or college, was any association in ancient Rome that Corporation, acted as a Legal person, legal entity. Following the passage of the ''Lex Julia'' during the reign of Julius Caesar as Roman consul, Consul and Roman dictator, Dictator of the Roman Republic (49–44 BC), and their reaffirmation during the reign of Augustus, Caesar Augustus as ''Princeps senatus'' and Imperator of the Imperial Roman army, Roman Army (27 BC–14 AD), ''collegia'' required the approval of the Roman Senate or the Roman emperor, Emperor in order to be Charter, authorized as legal bodies. Such associations could be civil or religious. The word literally means "society", from (‘colleague’). They functioned as social clubs or religious collectives whose members worked towards their shared interests. These shared interests encompassed a wide range of the various aspects of urban life; including political interests, cult practices, professions, trade, and civic services. The social co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikolay Rumyantsev
Count Nikolai Petrovich Rumyantsev (; 3 April 1754 – 3 January 1826), born in Saint Petersburg, was Russia's Foreign Minister and Chancellor of the Russian Empire in the run-up to Napoleon's invasion of Russia (1808–12). He was the son of Field Marshal Pyotr Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky from the Rumyantsev comital family. Background Rumyantsev and his brother were provided with basic education at home. Their mentor was Friedrich Melchior, Baron von Grimm. In 1774 they went to Leiden University where they studied history, law and language. Official career Rumyantsev was the first envoy of Russia to the Holy Roman Empire after Russia became a guarantor of the imperial constitution through the Treaty of Teschen (1779). He arrived in 1782 accredited as ambassador to the Electoral Rhenish Circle, Upper Rhenish Circle, Swabian Circle, Franconian Circle, Electorate of Mainz, Electorate of Cologne, Palatine Zweibrücken, Duchy of Württemberg, Margraviate of Baden and Landgraviate o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yury Golovkin
Count Yurii Alexandrovich Golovkin (russian: Юрий Александрович Головкин, links=no) (1762–1846) was a Russian diplomat who served as Russian Minister (ambassador) in Stuttgart (1813–18) and in Vienna (1818–1822), but is best remembered for his leadership of the ambitious mission to China despatched in 1805. Ancestry Golovkin was born in Lausanne to Count Alexander Alexandrovich Golovkin and his wife, Baroness Wilhelmina-Justina von Mosheim. He was brought up in Paris as a Protestant. His father was a grandson of Peter the Great's chancellor, Gavriil Golovkin. On his death Wilhelmina-Justina remarried Jean-Louis-Paul-François, 5th duc de Noailles. After the fall of the Ancien Régime in France, Yury went to Russia and entered the service of Catherine the Great. China mission The Russian Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs, Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski, had been preparing a mission to China for several years, partly in response to the growing Napo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gavriil Gagarin
Prince Gavriil Petrovich Gagarin (January 20, 1745 – January 31, 1808 (1807), Bogoslovskoye village, Dmitrovsky Uyezd, Moscow Governorate) was a Russian writer, Governing Senate, senator and minister of the Gagarin family. Active Privy Councillor (1800), under Paul I of Russia, Paul I – member of the Imperial Council of the Russian Empire, Imperial Council, under Alexander I of Russia, Alexander I – Minister of Commerce. One of the largest figures of the Freemasonry, Masonic movement in Russia. Biography Born in the family of Prince Peter Ivanovich Gagarin and Anna Mikhailovna (1715–1782), daughter of Kiev Governor-General Mikhail Leontiev. Mindful of her relationship to the Leontievs, Empress Elizabeth of Russia, Elizabeth Petrovna took care of Gavriil from his youth. In 1771–1772, under the name of Penzin, with his relative Alexander Kurakin and Nikolai Sheremetev, he made a Grand Tour of Europe (Leiden, Antwerp, Brussels, Calais, London, Paris) to supplement his educ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gavrila Derzhavin
Gavriil (Gavrila) Romanovich Derzhavin ( rus, Гаврии́л (Гаври́ла) Рома́нович Держа́вин, p=ɡɐˈvrilə rɐˈmanəvʲɪtɕ dʲɪrˈʐavʲɪn, a=Gavrila Romanovich Dyerzhavin.ru.vorb.oga; 14 July 1743 – 20 July 1816) was one of the most highly esteemed Russian poets before Alexander Pushkin, as well as a statesman. Although his works are traditionally considered literary classicism, his best verse is rich with antitheses and conflicting sounds in a way reminiscent of John Donne and other metaphysical poets. Biography Early life and family Derzhavin was born in the Kazan Governorate into a landed family of impoverished Russian nobility. His 15th-century Tatar ancestor ''Morza'' Bagrim, converted to Christianity and became a vassal of Grand Prince Vasily II. Bagrim was rewarded with lands for his service to the prince, and from him descended noble families of Narbekov, Akinfov and Keglev (or Teglev). A member of the Narbekov family, who rece ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Vorontsov
Count Alexander Romanovich Vorontsov (russian: Алекса́ндр Рома́нович Воронцо́в) (4 February 17412 December 1805) was the Chancellor of the Russian Empire during the early years of Alexander I's reign. He began his career at the age of fifteen in the Izmailovsky regiment of the Guards. He was the son of Russian General-in-chief Roman Illarionovich Vorontsov (1707—1783) and Marfa Ivanovna Surmina (1718—1745). In 1759, Alexander's uncle, the grand chancellor Mikhail Illarionovich Vorontsov, sent him to Strasbourg, Paris and Madrid to train him in diplomacy. Under Peter III, who was in love with his sister Elizabeth, he represented Russia for a short time at the court of St James's. Catherine II created him a senator and president of the Board of Trade; but she never liked him, and ultimately (1791) compelled him to retire from public life. In 1802, Alexander I summoned him back to office and appointed him imperial chancellor. This was the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boris Grigoryevich Yusupov
Prince Boris Grigoryevich Yusupov (Russian : Борис Григорьевич Юсупов; 1695–1759) was a Russian nobleman and politician. Life From the house of Yusupov, a Russian noble family descended from 10th-century khans, he was elected a senator and became governor general of Moscow and St Petersburg. His parents were Grigory Dmitriyevich Yusupov (1676–1730), friend and minister of war to Peter I of Russia, and his wife Anna Nikitchna Akinfova, daughter of an okolnichy (noble rank below that of boyar). He was the great-great-grandfather of prince Felix Yusupov. At age 20, Boris was sent to study in the French navy. He became a chamberlain in 1730, governor general of Moscow in 1738 and a senator from 18 June 1695 to 3 March 1759. Under Elizabeth I of Russia he was put in control of the Russian imperial schools and in 1749 was made governor of St Petersburg. Marriage and issue He married Irina Mikhaïlovna Zinovieva (1718-1788), daughter of Mikhaïl Petrovit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stepan Velyaminov
Stepan Lukich Velyaminov (russian: Степан Лукич Вельяминов; 1670–1737) was a Russian military and state figure, Major General#Russia, President of Collegium of Little Russia (1722–1727), privy councilor, senator. He participated in the Great Northern War and for sometime performed duties of military commandant of Poltava city. In 1720–1722 he was a voivode of the Belgorod Province and commander of all Sloboda Ukraine cossack regiments. On instructions of the War Collegium, Velyaminov participated in fortification of the southern borders of Cossack Hetmanate. On 19 April 1722 as a brigadier he was appointed the president of the new Collegium of Little Russia (confirmed by the manifest of Emperor Peter the Great on 16 May 1722). As the president of the Little Russian Collegium, Velyaminov made great efforts to implement in life a policy of the Tsarist government aimed at substantial narrowing of the Cossack Hetmanate autonomy, use of material resources of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrey Osterman
Count Andrey Ivanovich Osterman (''Heinrich Johann Friedrich Ostermann''; russian: Андрей Иванович Остерман) (9 June 1686 31 May 1747) was a Germans, German-born Russian statesman who came to prominence under Tsar Peter I of Russia (Peter the Great, ) and served until the accession of the Elizabeth of Russia, Tsesarevna Elizabeth in 1741. He based his foreign policy on the Austrian alliance. General Admiral (1740; dismissed 1741). Early career Born in Bochum in Westphalia, to a middle-class Lutheranism, Lutheran pastor, his original name was Heinrich Johann Friedrich Ostermann. He studied languages at the University of Jena, learning German language, German, Latin, French language, French, Dutch language, Dutch, Italian language, Italian, and Russian language, Russian. Ostermann became secretary to Vice-Admiral Cornelis Kruse, who had a standing commission from Peter I of Russia, Peter the Great to pick up promising young men, and soon thereafter entered the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Shafirov
Baron Peter Pavlovich Shafirov (russian: Пётр Павлович Шафиров; 1670–1739) was a Russian statesman and a prominent coadjutor of Peter the Great. Early life and career Shafirov was born into a Polish Jewish family. His father, Pavel Shafirov, was a translator in the Russian Foreign Office, whose parents converted to the Russian Orthodox Church after Smolensk was ceded to Russia by Poland in 1654. Peter Shafirov first made himself useful by his extraordinary knowledge of foreign languages. He was the chief translator in the Russian Foreign Office for many years, subsequently accompanying Tsar Peter on his travels. He was raised to the Russian nobility as a baron and received the rank of vice-chancellor. He was considered a diplomat of the highest order. Diplomatic missions Shafirov concluded the Peace of the Pruth during the campaign of 1711. Peter left him in the hands of the Turks as a hostage, and on the breaking of the peace he was imprisoned in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
