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Cliona Orientalis
''Cliona orientalis'' is a species of demosponge in the family Clionaidae. It occurs in the Indo-Pacific region and is a bioeroding species, with various specialisations for living on and inside calcareous substrates such as massive corals and molluscs. Distribution and habitat ''C. orientalis'' is native to the tropical Indo-Pacific region. Its range extends from East Africa and Madagascar, through India and the Maldives, to northern Australia, the Philippines, and many island groups in the Western Pacific Ocean. Its depth range is down to about . Ecology Like other demosponges, ''C. orientalis'' is a filter feeder. Water is drawn in through fine pores, the nutritious particles are filtered out, and the water exits the sponge through the oscula. In addition, this sponge is able to extract nutrition from dissolved sugars in the water. It is a hermaphrodite; sperm are liberated into the water column and drawn into another individual via the water current, fertilisation being i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Thiele (zoologist)
Karl Hermann Johannes Thiele (1 October 1860 – 5 August 1935) was a German zoologist specialized in malacology. Thiele was born in Goldap, East Prussia. His ''Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde'' (English edition published by the Smithsonian under the title ''Handbook of Systematic Malacology'') is a standard work. From 1904 until his retirement in 1925 he was the curator of the malacological collection at the Museum für Naturkunde (Museum of Natural History) in Berlin. Thiele described more than 1.500 new species of molluscs; until today their types are deposited with the Museum of Natural History in Berlin. Especially important are his works on the Mollusca of the First German Antarctica Expedition and of the German Deep Sea Expedition aboard the vessel Valdivia. Thiele's classification of Gastropoda has been in use up to the past decade. It modified an earlier concept of Henri Milne-Edwards (1848) with three subclasses: Prosobranchia, Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plankton
Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms found in Hydrosphere, water (or atmosphere, air) that are unable to propel themselves against a Ocean current, current (or wind). The individual organisms constituting plankton are called plankters. In the ocean, they provide a crucial source of food to many small and large aquatic organisms, such as bivalves, fish and whales. Marine plankton include bacteria, archaea, algae, protozoa and drifting or floating animals that inhabit the saltwater of oceans and the brackish waters of estuaries. Freshwater plankton are similar to marine plankton, but are found in the freshwaters of lakes and rivers. Plankton are usually thought of as inhabiting water, but there are also airborne versions, the aeroplankton, that live part of their lives drifting in the atmosphere. These include plant spores, pollen and wind-scattered seeds, as well as microorganisms swept into the air from terrestrial dust storms and oceanic plankton swept into the air ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sponges Described In 1900
Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells. Sponges have unspecialized cells that can transform into other types and that often migrate between the main cell layers and the mesohyl in the process. Sponges do not have nervous, digestive or circulatory systems. Instead, most rely on maintaining a constant water flow through their bodies to obtain food and oxygen and to remove wastes. Sponges were first to branch off the evolutionary tree from the last common ancestor of all animals, making them the sister group of all other animals. Etymology The term ''sponge'' derives from the Ancient Greek word ( 'sponge'). Overview Sponges are similar to other animals in that they are multicellular, heter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadromerida
Heteroscleromorpha is a subclass of demosponges within the phylum Porifera Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through th ....van Soest, R. (2016)Heteroscleromorpha.Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2017-02-17. References Sponge subclasses Taxa named by Nicole Boury-Esnault {{Demosponge-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symbiodinium
: ''This is about the genus sometimes called Zoox. For the company, see Zoox (company)'' ''Symbiodinium'' is a genus of dinoflagellates that encompasses the largest and most prevalent group of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates known. These unicellular microalgae commonly reside in the endoderm of tropical cnidarians such as corals, sea anemones, and jellyfish, where the products of their photosynthetic processing are exchanged in the host for inorganic molecules. They are also harbored by various species of demosponges, flatworms, mollusks such as the giant clams, foraminifera ( soritids), and some ciliates. Generally, these dinoflagellates enter the host cell through phagocytosis, persist as intracellular symbionts, reproduce, and disperse to the environment. The exception is in most mollusks, where these symbionts are intercellular (between the cells). Cnidarians that are associated with ''Symbiodinium'' occur mostly in warm oligotrophic (nutrient-poor), marine environments where ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyphastrea Serailia
''Cyphastrea'' is a genus of massive reef building stony corals in the family Merulinidae Merulinidae is a family of reef-building stony corals. Characteristics All the genera in this family are colonial, reef-building corals. Skeletal structures are similar to those of Faviidae but are highly fused, without paliform lobes. The valle ..., commonly known as brain coral. Species The World Register of Marine Species lists the following species: *'' Cyphastrea agassizi'' (Vaughan, 1907) - Agassiz's brain coralFenner, Douglas (2005). ''Corals of Hawai'i : field guide to the hard, black, and soft corals of Hawai'i and the northwest Hawaiian Islands, including Midway.'' Honolulu, Hawai'i: Mutual Pub. . *'' Cyphastrea chalcidicum'' (Forsskål, 1775) *'' Cyphastrea decadia'' Moll & Best, 1984 *'' Cyphastrea hexasepta'' Veron, Turak & DeVantier, 2000 *'' Cyphastrea japonica'' Yabe & Sugiyama, 1932 *'' Cyphastrea kausti'' Bouwmeester & Benzoni, 2015 *'' Cyphastrea magna'' Benzoni & ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goniastrea Retiformis
''Goniastrea retiformis'' is a species of stony corals in the family Merulinidae. It is native to shallow water in the Indo-Pacific region. Description This species forms massive colonies, domed, flat or columnar, reaching a maximum diameter of and a height of . It has small deep calices, usually with a diameter of . Corallites are recessed, four to six sided. The basic color of these corals is cream or pale brown, but it may also be brown, pink or green. Distribution and habitat This quite common species can be found in the Indo-West Pacific, the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean and the Australian coast. It occurs on reef slopes, especially in shallow waters. Biology ''Goniastrea retiformis'' is a zooxanthellate species of coral. It obtains most of its nutritional needs from the symbiotic dinoflagellates that live inside its soft tissues. These photosynthetic organisms provide the coral with organic carbon and nitrogen, sometimes providing up to 90% of their host's energy needs for m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dipsastraea Pallida
''Dipsastraea pallida'' is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Merulinidae. It is found in tropical waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. This is a common species of coral with a widespread distribution, and the main threat it faces is from the destruction of its coral reef habitats. It is rated as a "least-concern species" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. This species was first described in 1846 as ''Favia pallida'' by the American zoologist James Dwight Dana; it was later transferred to the genus ''Dipsastraea'', but some authorities continue to use the original name. Description ''Dipsastraea pallida'' is a colonial coral forming solid rounded mounds. In shallow water, the corallites (stony cups in which the polyps sit) are circular and set closely together, while in deeper water locations, they are more scattered. The septa (radiating vertical plates forming part of the corallite wall) are widely spaced and often irregular. The palliform l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Favites Halicora
''Favites halicora'' is a species of coral belonging to the family Merulinidae. The species was first described in 1834 by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg (19 April 1795 – 27 June 1876) was a German naturalist, zoologist, comparative anatomist, geologist, and microscopist. Ehrenberg was an evangelist and was considered to be of the most famous and productive scie ... as ''Astraea halicora''. The species is found in Indian and Pacific Ocean. References Merulinidae Cnidarians of the Pacific Ocean Cnidarians of the Indian Ocean Corals described in 1834 Taxa named by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg {{Scleractinia-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astreopora Listeri
''Astreopora listeri'' is a species of hard coral found in shallow water in the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is an uncommon species with a wide range and is tolerant of turbid water, making it more resilient than some other corals to habitat disturbance. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern". Description ''Astreopora listeri'' may form hemispherical mounds or flattened and partially encrusting colonies. The corallites are crowded and not arranged in any particular pattern. They are immersed and have small circular openings surrounded by delicate feathery spinules, giving the colony a rough surface. This coral resembles ''Astreopora myriophthalma'' and ''Astreopora randalli'' in appearance and is usually cream, pale brown or grey. Distribution and habitat ''Astreopora listeri'' is widely distributed in the tropical Indo-Pacific region. Its range extends from Madagascar and East Africa to Indone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porites
''Porites'' is a genus of stony coral; they are small polyp stony (SPS) corals. They are characterised by a finger-like morphology. Members of this genus have widely spaced calices, a well-developed wall reticulum and are bilaterally symmetrical. ''Porites'', particularly '' Porites lutea'', often form microatolls. Corals of the genus ''Porites'' also often serve as hosts for Christmas tree worms (''Spirobranchus giganteus''). Aquarium trade Specimens of ''Porites'' are sometimes available for purchase in the aquarium trade. Due to the strict water quality, lighting and dietary requirements, keeping ''Porites'' in captivity is very difficult. Paleoclimatology Porites corals have been shown to be accurate and precise recorders of past marine surface conditions. Measurements of the oxygen isotopic composition of the aragonitic skeleton of coral specimens indicate the sea-surface temperature conditions and the oxygen isotopic composition of the seawater at the time of growth. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goniopora Tenuidens
''Goniopora tenuidens'' is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Poritidae. It occurs in shallow water in the tropical Indo-Pacific region. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern". Description Colonies of this species form solid hemispherical or irregular mounds. The corallites (the stony cups in which the polyps sit) are small and rounded, each having six palliform lobes (stony blades) on their inner margins. The polyps are of a distinctive appearance being of regular length and topped with a uniform bundle of tentacles. The colour of this coral may be bluish, green or brown and the tentacles may be tipped with white. Distribution and habitat ''Goniopora tenuidens'' is native to the tropical Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. Its range extends from Madagascar, the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, through the western, central and eastern Indian Ocean to southeastern Asia, Indonesia, Japan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
