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Clearwater (provincial Electoral District)
Clearwater was a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada, mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first past the post method of voting from 1913 to 1926. History The district was controversial because it had only 74 enumerated people when it was created under the 1913 redistribution. It was the smallest district in terms of population in Alberta history. After Joseph State died in 1924, the United Farmers government was facing a possible by-election in the district. The government decided to redistribute the riding and drop the seat from the Assembly. The riding was divided up between Pembina, Lac Ste. Anne and Peace River. Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Election results 1913 general election 1917 general election 1921 general election See also *Rotten borough *List of Alberta provincial electoral districts Alberta provincial electoral districts are currently single member ridings that each elect ...
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Provinces And Territories Of Canada
Within the geographical areas of Canada, the ten provinces and three territories are sub-national administrative divisions under the jurisdiction of the Canadian Constitution. In the 1867 Canadian Confederation, three provinces of British North America—New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Province of Canada (which upon Confederation was divided into Ontario and Quebec)—united to form a federation, becoming a fully independent country over the next century. Over its history, Canada's international borders have changed several times as it has added territories and provinces, making it the world's second-largest country by area. The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces receive their power and authority from the ''Constitution Act, 1867'' (formerly called the ''British North America Act, 1867''), whereas territorial governments are creatures of statute with powers delegated to them by the Parliament of Canada. The powers flowing from t ...
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Electoral District (Canada)
An electoral district in Canada is a geographical constituency upon which Canada's representative democracy is based. It is officially known in Canadian French as a ''circonscription'' but frequently called a ''comté'' (county). In English it is also colloquially and more commonly known as a Riding (division), riding or constituency. Each federal electoral district returns one Member of Parliament (Canada), Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of Canada; each Provinces and territories of Canada, provincial or territorial electoral district returns one representative—called, depending on the province or territory, Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA), National Assembly of Quebec, Member of the National Assembly (MNA), Member of Provincial Parliament (Ontario), Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) or Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly, Member of the House of Assembly (MHA)—to the provincial or territorial legislature. Since 2015, there have been 338 ...
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Alberta
Alberta ( ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is part of Western Canada and is one of the three prairie provinces. Alberta is bordered by British Columbia to the west, Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories (NWT) to the north, and the U.S. state of Montana to the south. It is one of the only two landlocked provinces in Canada (Saskatchewan being the other). The eastern part of the province is occupied by the Great Plains, while the western part borders the Rocky Mountains. The province has a predominantly continental climate but experiences quick temperature changes due to air aridity. Seasonal temperature swings are less pronounced in western Alberta due to occasional Chinook winds. Alberta is the fourth largest province by area at , and the fourth most populous, being home to 4,262,635 people. Alberta's capital is Edmonton, while Calgary is its largest city. The two are Alberta's largest census metropolitan areas. More tha ...
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Legislative Assembly Of Alberta
The Legislative Assembly of Alberta is the deliberative assembly of the province of Alberta, Canada. It sits in the Alberta Legislature Building in Edmonton. The Legislative Assembly currently has 87 members, elected first past the post from single-member electoral districts. Bills passed by the Legislative Assembly are given royal assent by the Lieutenant Governor of Alberta, as the viceregal representative of the King of Canada. The Legislative Assembly and the Lieutenant Governor together make up the unicameral Alberta Legislature. The maximum period between general elections of the assembly, as set by Section 4 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is five years, which is further reinforced in Alberta's ''Legislative Assembly Act''. Convention dictates the premier controls the date of election and usually selects a date in the fourth or fifth year after the preceding election. Amendments to Alberta's ''Elections Act'' introduced in 2011 fixed the date of election to b ...
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First Past The Post
In a first-past-the-post electoral system (FPTP or FPP), formally called single-member plurality voting (SMP) when used in single-member districts or informally choose-one voting in contrast to ranked voting, or score voting, voters cast their vote for a candidate of their choice, and the candidate who receives the most votes wins even if the top candidate gets less than 50%, which can happen when there are more than two popular candidates. As a winner-take-all method, FPTP often produces disproportional results (when electing members of an assembly, such as a parliament) in the sense that political parties do not get representation according to their share of the popular vote. This usually favours the largest party and parties with strong regional support to the detriment of smaller parties without a geographically concentrated base. Supporters of electoral reform are generally highly critical of FPTP because of this and point out other flaws, such as FPTP's vulnerability t ...
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Joseph State
Joseph Ephraim State (June 15, 1867 – August 10, 1923) was a Canadian provincial level politician and physician from Alberta. Early life Joseph Ephraim State was born June 15, 1867, in London, Ontario to James State and Mary State. He attended primary school in London and medical school at Detroit College of Medicine and Surgery. Political life State was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta as a representative for the controversial electoral district of Clearwater after the retirement of long time Alberta Liberal Party MLA Henry William McKenney. He was elected to his 1st term in office in the 1917 Alberta general election and was re-elected in the 1921 Alberta general election. In that election he survived the United Farmers sweep that defeated the Liberal government from power in 1921, however no member of the United Farmers of Alberta The United Farmers of Alberta (UFA) is an association of Alberta farmers that has served different roles in its 100-year ...
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Pembina (Alberta Provincial Electoral District)
Pembina was a provincial electoral district in Alberta mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1909 to 1971. History The Pembina electoral district was formed prior to the 1909 Alberta general election from the western portion of the St. Albert electoral district. The district would be abolished prior to the 1971 Alberta general election, and be incorporated into Barrhead and Athabasca. Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Election results 1909 general election 1913 general election 1917 general election 1921 general election 1926 general election 1930 general election 1935 general election 1940 general election 1944 general election 1948 general election 1952 general election 1955 general election 1959 general election 1963 general election 1967 general election Plebiscite results 1957 liquor plebiscite On October 30, 1957 a stand-alone plebiscite was held province wide in all 50 of ...
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Lac Ste
Lac is the resinous secretion of a number of species of lac insects, of which the most commonly cultivated is ''Kerria lacca''. Cultivation begins when a farmer gets a stick that contains eggs ready to hatch and ties it to the tree to be infested. Thousands of lac insects colonize the branches of the host trees and secrete the resinous pigment. The coated branches of the host trees are cut and harvested as sticklac. The harvested sticklac is crushed and sieved to remove impurities. The sieved material is then repeatedly washed to remove insect parts and other material. The resulting product is known as seedlac. The prefix ''seed'' refers to its pellet shape. Seedlac, which still contains 3–5% impurity, is processed into shellac by heat treatment or solvent extraction. The leading producer of lac is Jharkhand, followed by the Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, and Maharashtra states of India. Lac production is also found in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, parts of C ...
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Peace River (provincial Electoral District)
Peace River is a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada. The district is mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first past the post method of voting. The district used instant-runoff voting from 1926 to 1957. It is one of two Alberta districts in operation since the birth of the province (alongside St. Albert). Peace River is a reliable bellwether district, held by governing political parties for most of its history — former MLA Debbie Jabbour is no exception, as she was elected for the first time in 2015 when the Alberta NDP came to power for the first time. Peace River last elected an opposition MLA in 1940. Geography Peace River encompasses a largely rural area in the northwest corner of Alberta. Urban municipalities within the riding include the towns of Grimshaw, High Level, Manning, Peace River, and Rainbow Lake, as well as the village of Nampa. The riding also includes the entirety of two rural munici ...
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Rotten Borough
A rotten or pocket borough, also known as a nomination borough or proprietorial borough, was a parliamentary borough or constituency in England, Great Britain, or the United Kingdom before the Reform Act 1832, which had a very small electorate and could be used by a patron to gain unrepresentative influence within the unreformed House of Commons. The same terms were used for similar boroughs represented in the 18th-century Parliament of Ireland. The Reform Act 1832 abolished the majority of these rotten and pocket boroughs. Background A parliamentary borough was a town or former town that had been incorporated under a royal charter, giving it the right to send two elected burgesses as Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons. It was not unusual for the physical boundary of the settlement to change as the town developed or contracted over time, for example due to changes in its trade and industry, so that the boundaries of the parliamentary borough and of the phys ...
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List Of Alberta Provincial Electoral Districts
Alberta provincial electoral districts are currently single member ridings that each elect one member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. There are 87 districts fixed in law in Alberta. History The original twenty five districts were drawn up by Liberal Member of Parliament Frank Oliver prior to the first general election of 1905. The original boundaries were widely regarded as being gerrymandered to favour the Alberta Liberal Party, although the Liberal Party did receive the majority of votes in the 1905 election and thus rightly formed majority government. Every boundary redistribution since 1905 has been based on the original boundaries, with districts being split or merged. From 1905 to 1926 with only a few exceptions each district elected a single member on the First Past the Post system. Calgary and Edmonton as well as Medicine Hat were elected on a plurality block vote, where each voter could cast as many votes as seats to be filled. There have also been a couple o ...
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