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Clark County School Dist. V. Breeden
The Supreme Court of the United States handed down nine ''per curiam'' opinions during its 2000 term, which began October 2, 2000 and concluded September 30, 2001.The description of one opinion has been omitted: in ''District of Columbia v. Tri County Industries, Inc.'', 531 U.S. 287 (2001), the Court dismissed the writ of certiorari Dismissed as improvidently granted, as improvidently granted. Because ''per curiam'' decisions are issued from the Court as an institution, these opinions all lack the attribution of authorship or joining votes to specific justices. All justices on the Court at the time the decision was handed down are assumed to have participated and concurred unless otherwise noted. Court membership Chief Justice: William Rehnquist Associate Justices: John Paul Stevens, Sandra Day O'Connor, Antonin Scalia, Anthony Kennedy, David Souter, Clarence Thomas, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Stephen Breyer ''Sinkfield v. Kelley'' ''Bush v. Palm Beach County Canvassing Board'' ...
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Seal Of The United States Supreme Court
Seal may refer to any of the following: Common uses * Pinniped, a diverse group of semi-aquatic marine mammals, many of which are commonly called seals, particularly: ** Earless seal, or "true seal" ** Fur seal * Seal (emblem), a device to impress an emblem, used as a means of authentication, on paper, wax, clay or another medium (the impression is also called a seal) * Seal (mechanical), a device which helps prevent leakage, contain pressure, or exclude contamination where two systems join Arts, entertainment and media * Seal (1991 album), ''Seal'' (1991 album), by Seal * Seal (1994 album), ''Seal'' (1994 album), sometimes referred to as ''Seal II'', by Seal * ''Seal IV'', a 2003 album by Seal * ''Seal Online'', a 2003 massively multiplayer online role-playing game Law * Seal (contract law), a legal formality for contracts and other instruments * Seal (East Asia), a stamp used in East Asia as a form of a signature * Record sealing Military * ''Fairey Seal'', a 1930s British ...
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Southern Reporter
The ''Southern Reporter'', the ''Southern Reporter Second'', and the ''Southern Reporter Third'' are United States regional case law reporters. It is part of the National Reporter System created by John B. West for the West Publishing Company. The ''Southern Reporter'' contains published appellate court case decisions for: * Alabama * Florida * Louisiana * Mississippi When cited A citation is a reference to a source. More precisely, a citation is an abbreviated alphanumeric expression embedded in the body of an intellectual work that denotes an entry in the bibliographic references section of the work for the purpose of ..., the ''Southern Reporter'', the ''Southern Reporter Second'', and the ''Southern Reporter Third'' are abbreviated "So.", "So. 2d", and "So. 3d", respectively. References Case law reporters {{US-law-stub ...
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Ohio District Courts Of Appeals
The Ohio District Courts of Appeals are the intermediate appellate courts of the U.S. state of Ohio. The Ohio Constitution provides for courts of appeals that have jurisdiction to review final appealable orders. There are twelve appellate districts, each consisting of at least one county, and the number of judges in each district varies from four to twelve. Each case is heard by a three-judge panel. There are currently 69 courts of appeals judges as provided by statute. A court of appeals judge is an elected position, with a term of six years. The Ohio Supreme Court has the discretion to review cases from the courts of appeals, but generally the appeals process in Ohio ends with the decision of the court of appeals. Judicial districts Judges First District Court of Appeals Second District Court of Appeals Third District Court of Appeals Fourth District Court of Appeals Fifth District Court of Appeals Sixth District Court of Appeals Seventh District Court of A ...
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Grunewald V
Grunewald is the name of both a locality and a forest in Germany: * Grunewald (forest) * Grunewald (locality) Grünewald may refer to: * Grünewald (surname) * Grünewald, Germany, a municipality in Brandenburg, Germany * Grünewald (Luxembourg), a forest in Luxembourg * Matthias-Grünewald-Verlag, a publishing house in Mainz See also * * Greenwald * Grindelwald (other) * Grünwald (other) * Grunwald (other) Grunwald may refer to: Places Administrative * Grunwald, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, a village in northern Poland ** Gmina Grunwald, a municipality containing the village of Grunwald * Grunwald, Poznań, a district of the city of Poznań in wes ...
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Fifth Amendment To The United States Constitution
The Fifth Amendment (Amendment V) to the United States Constitution addresses criminal procedure and other aspects of the Constitution. It was ratified, along with nine other articles, in 1791 as part of the Bill of Rights. The Fifth Amendment applies to every level of the government, including the federal, state, and local levels, in regard to a US citizen or resident of the US. The Supreme Court furthered the protections of this amendment through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. One provision of the Fifth Amendment requires that felonies be tried only upon indictment by a grand jury. Another provision, the Double Jeopardy Clause, provides the right of defendants to be tried only once in federal court for the same offense. The self-incrimination clause provides various protections against self-incrimination, including the right of an individual not to serve as a witness in a criminal case in which they are the defendant. "Pleading the Fifth" is a ...
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Pennsylvania Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania is the highest court in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania's Unified Judicial System. It also claims to be the oldest appellate court in the United States, a claim that is disputed by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court. The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania began in 1684 as the Provincial Court, and casual references to it as the "Supreme Court" of Pennsylvania were made official in 1722 upon its reorganization as an entity separate from the control of the royal governor. Today, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania maintains a discretionary docket, meaning that the Court may choose which cases it accepts, with the exception of mandatory death penalty appeals, and certain appeals from the original jurisdiction of the Commonwealth Court. This discretion allows the Court to wield powerful influence on the formation and interpretation of Pennsylvania law. History The Original Pennsylvania constitutions, drafted by William Penn, established a Provi ...
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Atlantic Reporter
The ''Atlantic Reporter'' () is a United States regional case law reporter. It is part of the National Reporter System created by John B. West for West Publishing Company, which is now part of Thomson West. The ''Atlantic Reporter'' contains select opinions of state supreme courts and lower appellate courts from the following jurisdictions: * Connecticut * Delaware * District of Columbia * Maine * Maryland * New Hampshire * New Jersey * Pennsylvania * Rhode Island * Vermont The first series of the ''Atlantic Reporter'' was published from 1895 until 1938, for 200 volumes. The ''Atlantic Reporter, Second Series'', was published from 1939 until 2010, for 999 volumes. The ''Atlantic Reporter, Third Series'', is published from 2010 to the present. The citation form In morphology and lexicography, a lemma (plural ''lemmas'' or ''lemmata'') is the canonical form, dictionary form, or citation form of a set of word forms. In English, for example, ''break'', ''breaks'', ''broke'', ...
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Fiore V
Fiore means ''flower'' in Italian. It may refer to: *Fiore (surname), notable people with the surname * San Giovanni in Fiore, town in southern Italy (Calabria) *Fiore (Pokémon), a region in the fictional Pokémon universe * Sailor Moon R movie#Fiore, a character in the ''Sailor Moon R movie'' *''Fiore'', a country that appears in the anime and manga series '' Fairy Tail'' * ''Fiore'' (album), an album by Arisa Mizuki * ''Fiore'' (film), a 2016 Italian film * Fiore Buccieri (1907-1973), Chicago mobster *Fiore de Henriquez (1921-2004), female Italian-British sculptor *Fiore dei Liberi Fiore Furlano de Cividale d'Austria, delli Liberi da Premariacco (Fiore dei Liberi, Fiore Furlano, Fiore de Cividale d'Austria; born ca. 1350; died after 1409) was a late 14th century knight, diplomat, and itinerant fencing master. He is the ear ..., Italian renaissance master of arms {{disambiguation, given name Italian unisex given names ...
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United States Court Of Appeals For The Third Circuit
The United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (in case citations, 3d Cir.) is a federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts for the following districts: * District of Delaware * District of New Jersey * Eastern District of Pennsylvania * Middle District of Pennsylvania * Western District of Pennsylvania This circuit also hears appeals from the District Court of the Virgin Islands, which is an Article VI territorial court and not a district court under Article III of the Constitution. The court is composed of 14 active judges and is based at the James A. Byrne United States Courthouse in Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Sinc ..., Pennsylvania. The court also conducts sittings in other venues, including the United St ...
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Federal Reporter
The ''Federal Reporter'' () is a case law reporter in the United States that is published by West Publishing and a part of the National Reporter System. It begins with cases decided in 1880; pre-1880 cases were later retroactively compiled by West Publishing into a separate reporter, ''Federal Cases''. The fourth and current ''Federal Reporter'' series publishes decisions of the United States courts of appeals and the United States Court of Federal Claims; prior series had varying scopes that covered decisions of other federal courts as well. Though the ''Federal Reporter'' is an unofficial reporter and West is a private company that does not have a legal monopoly over the court opinions it publishes, it has so dominated the industry in the United States that legal professionals, including judges, uniformly cite to the ''Federal Reporter'' for included decisions. Approximately 30 new volumes are published each year. Distinctions The ''Federal Reporter'' has always published de ...
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United States District Court For The Western District Of Pennsylvania
The United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania (in case citations, W.D. Pa.) is a federal trial court that sits in Pittsburgh, Erie, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania. It is composed of ten judges as authorized by federal law. Appeals from this court are heard by the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit). History The United States District Court for the District of Pennsylvania was one of the original 13 courts established by the Judiciary Act of 1789, , on September 24, 1789.Asbury Dickens, ''A Synoptical Index to the Laws and Treaties of the United States of America'' (1852), p. 388.U.S. District Courts of Pennsylvani ...
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Fourteenth Amendment To The United States Constitution
The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments. Often considered as one of the most consequential amendments, it addresses citizenship rights and equal protection under the law and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War. The amendment was bitterly contested, particularly by the states of the defeated Confederacy, which were forced to ratify it in order to regain representation in Congress. The amendment, particularly its first section, is one of the most litigated parts of the Constitution, forming the basis for landmark Supreme Court decisions such as ''Brown v. Board of Education'' (1954) regarding racial segregation, ''Roe v. Wade'' (1973) regarding abortion ( overturned in 2022), ''Bush v. Gore'' (2000) regarding the 2000 presidential election, and ''Obergefell v. Hodges'' (2015) regarding same-sex marriage. The amendment ...
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