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Cladocyclus
''Cladocyclus'' (derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek κλάδος/kládos ("branch") and κύκλος/kýklos ("circle")) is an extinct genus of marine Ichthyodectiformes, ichthyodectiform ray-finned fish from the middle Cretaceous. It was a predator of about in length. Taxonomy It contains the following species: * †''C. gardneri'' Louis Agassiz, Agassiz, 1841 - Albian of northeastern Brazil (Romualdo Formation, Romualdo and Crato Formations of the Araripe Basin) (=''C. ferus'' Santos, 1950) * †''C. geddesi'' Berell, 2014 - late Albian of Queensland, Australia (Winton Formation) An indeterminate specimen, previously assigned to ''Chirocentrites'', is known from the Albian-aged Pietraroja Plattenkalk of Italy. Indeterminate specimens, represented by complete remains, are also known from the Cenomanian of Morocco, which are not to be confused with ''C. pankowskii'', which was discovered in the Kem Kem Group, Kem Kem Beds in 2007, but has since been reclassified to the g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ichthyodectiformes
Ichthyodectiformes is an Extinction, extinct order of marine stem-teleost ray-finned fish. The order is named after the genus ''Ichthyodectes'', established by Edward Drinker Cope in 1870. Ichthyodectiforms are usually considered to be some of the closest relatives of the teleost crown group. They were most diverse throughout the Cretaceous period, though basal forms like ''Thrissops, Occithrissops'' and ''Allothrissops'' are known from the Middle-Late Jurassic of Europe and North America. They were almost entirely wiped out by the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event, but a single species, ''Saurocephalus, Saurocephalus lanciformis'', appears to have survived into the earliest Paleocene (Danian). Most ichthyodectiforms ranged between in length. Most of known taxa were predators, feeding on smaller fish; in several cases, larger ichthyodectiforms preyed on smaller members of the order. Some species had remarkably large teeth, though othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crato Formation
The Crato Formation is a geologic formation (stratigraphy), formation of Early Cretaceous (Aptian) age in northeastern Brazil's Araripe Basin. It is an important Lagerstätten, Lagerstätte (undisturbed fossil accumulation) for palaeontology, palaeontologists. The strata were laid down mostly during the Aptian age (geology), age, about 113 million years ago. It thought to have been deposited in a semi-arid Lake, lacustrine wetland environment.Ribeiro et al., 2021 The Crato Formation earns the designation of Lagerstätte due to an exceedingly well preserved and diverse fossil faunal assemblage. Some 25 species of fossil fishes are often found with stomach contents preserved, enabling paleontologists to study predator-prey relationships in this ecosystem. There are also fine examples of pterosaurs, reptiles and amphibians, invertebrates (particularly insects), and plants. Even dinosaurs are represented: a new maniraptor was described in 1996. The unusual taphonomy of the site resul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chirocentrites
''Chirocentrites'' is an extinct genus of marine ray-finned fish in the order Ichthyodectiformes. It contains a single species, ''C. coroninii'', from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Slovenia (locality also sometimes given as Gorizia, Italy). A potential specimen is also known from the Albian-aged Pietraroja Plattenkalk of southern Italy, but it has been suggested that this specimen actually represents ''Cladocyclus''. Another species sometimes classified in this genus, '' Spathodactylus'' (or ''Chirocentrites'') ''neocomiensis'' Pictet, 1858 from the Hauterivian of France, appears to be morphologically distinct from ''Chirocentrites'' and needs taxonomic revision. Two other species (''C. microdon'' Heckel, 1849 and ''C. gracilis'' Heckel, 1849) from the Cenomanian of Croatia and Slovenia are now placed in the genus '' Heckelichthys''. The species "''C''." ''guinensis'' from the Aptian/Albian of Equatorial Guinea & Gabon likely belongs to another genus, possibly ''Cladocyclus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Winton Formation
The Winton Formation is a Cretaceous Formation (geology), geological formation in central-western Queensland, Australia. It is late Albian to early Turonian in age. The formation blankets large areas of central-western Queensland. It consists of sedimentary rocks such as sandstone, siltstone and claystone. The sediments that make up these rocks represent the remnants of the river plains that filled the basin left by the Eromanga Sea - an inland sea that covered large parts of Queensland and central Australia at least four times during the Early Cretaceous period. Great meandering rivers, forest pools and swamps, creeks, lakes and coastal estuaries all left behind different types of sediment. In some areas, the Winton Formation is over 400 metres thick. To bring with them such a huge amount of sediment, the rivers that flowed across these plains must have been comparable in size to the present-day Amazon River, Amazon or Mississippi River, Mississippi rivers. As more and more sedi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aidachar
''Aidachar'' (named for Aydahar, a mythical Kazakh dragon) is an extinct genus of marine ichthyodectiform ray-finned fish from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) of Central Asia and North Africa. The type species is ''A. paludalis'', named by Lev Nesov in 1981 from remains discovered in the Kyzyl Kum desert of Uzbekistan. At first, he tentatively described the fossil material as the jaw fragments of a ctenochasmatid pterosaur (a flying reptile), but reinterpreted ''Aidachar'' as a fish in 1986. The second species, ''A. pankowskii'', is described from Kem Kem Group of Morocco and reclassified from the genus ''Cladocyclus ''Cladocyclus'' (derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek κλάδος/kládos ("branch") and κύκλος/kýklos ("circle")) is an extinct genus of marine Ichthyodectiformes, ichthyodectiform ray-finned fish from the middle Cretaceous. It was a p ...'', to which it is thought to be closely related. References External linksThe Pterosaur Species L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romualdo Formation
The Romualdo Formation is a geologic Lagerstätte, Konservat-Lagerstätte in northeastern Brazil's Araripe Basin where the states of Pernambuco, Piauí and Ceará come together. The geological formation, previously designated as the Romualdo Member of the Santana Group, Santana Formation, named after the village of Santana do Cariri, lies at the base of the Chapada do Araripe, Araripe Plateau. It was discovered by Johann Baptist von Spix in 1819. The Stratum, strata were deposited during the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous in a lacustrine rift basin with shallow marine incursions of the Iapetus Ocean, proto-Atlantic. At that time, the South Atlantic was opening up in a long narrow shallow sea. The Romualdo Formation earns the designation of Lagerstätte due to an exceedingly well preserved and diverse fossil faunal assemblage. Some 25 species of fossil fishes are often found with stomach contents preserved, enabling paleontologists to study Predation, predator–prey relatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prehistoric Ray-finned Fish Genera
Prehistory, also called pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the first known use of stone tools by hominins million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems. The use of symbols, marks, and images appears very early among humans, but the earliest known writing systems appeared years ago. It took thousands of years for writing systems to be widely adopted, with writing having spread to almost all cultures by the 19th century. The end of prehistory therefore came at different times in different places, and the term is less often used in discussing societies where prehistory ended relatively recently. It is based on an old conception of history that without written records there could be no history. The most common conception today is that history is based on evidence, however the concept of prehistory hasn't been completely discarded. In the early Bronze Age, Sumer in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley Civ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marine Fish
Saltwater fish, also called marine fish or sea fish, are fish that live in seawater. Saltwater fish can swim and live alone or in a large group called a school. Saltwater fish are very commonly kept in aquariums for entertainment. Many saltwater fish are also caught to be eaten, or grown in aquaculture. However, many fish species have been overfished and are otherwise threatened by marine pollution or ecological changes caused by climate change. Diet Fishes that live in the ocean can be carnivores, herbivores, or omnivores. Herbivores in the ocean eat things such as algae and flowering seagrasses. Many herbivores' diets consist of primarily algae. Most saltwater fish will eat both macroalgae and microalgae. Many fish eat red, green, brown, and blue algae, but some fish prefer other types. Most saltwater fish that are carnivores will never eat algae under any circumstances. Carnivores' diets consist of shrimp, plankton, or tiny crustaceans. Captivity Saltwater aquariums are a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ichthyodectes
''Ichthyodectes'' is an extinct genus of ichthyodectid ray-finned fish which lived during the Late Cretaceous. Fossils of the species included have been found from Canada to Texas. Description ''Ichthyodectes ctenodon'' ("fish biter with comb teeth") was an ichthyodectid over in length. It lived in the Western Interior Seaway of North America during the late Cretaceous. It was closely related to the long ''Xiphactinus audax'', and the long ''Gillicus arcuatus'', and like other ichthyodectids, ''I. ctenodon'' is presumed to have been a swift predator of smaller fish. As its species name suggests, ''I. ctenodon'' had small, uniformly sized teeth, as did its smaller relative, ''G. arcuatus'', and may have simply sucked suitably sized prey into its mouth. Species *''I. acanthicus'' *''I. anaides'' *''I. arcuatus'' *''I. cruentus'' *''I. ctenodon'' *''I. elegans'' *''I. goodeanus'' *''I. hamatus'' *''I. libanicus'' *''I. minor'' *''I. multidentatus'' *''I. parvus'' *''I. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Leidy
Joseph Mellick Leidy (September 9, 1823 – April 30, 1891) was an American paleontologist, parasitologist and anatomist. Leidy was professor of anatomy at the University of Pennsylvania, later becoming a professor of natural history at Swarthmore College and the director of scientific and educational programs at the Wagner Free Institute of Science. His book ''Extinct Fauna of Dakota and Nebraska'' (1869) contained many species not previously described and many previously unknown on the North American continent. At the time, scientific investigation was largely the province of wealthy amateurs. The Leidy Glacier in northwest Greenland was named by Robert Peary after him. Early life and family Joseph Leidy was born on September 9, 1823, to an established Philadelphia family of Pennsylvania Germans. His father, Philip, was a hatter; his mother, Catharine, died during childbirth when he was young. His father then married his wife's first cousin, Christiana Mellick. Leidy al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cretaceous Bony Fish
The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 143.1 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 77.1 million years, it is the ninth and longest geological period of the entire Phanerozoic. The name is derived from the Latin , 'chalk', which is abundant in the latter half of the period. It is usually abbreviated K, for its German translation . The Cretaceous was a period with a relatively warm climate, resulting in high eustatic sea levels that created numerous shallow inland seas. These oceans and seas were populated with now-extinct marine reptiles, ammonites, and rudists, while dinosaurs continued to dominate on land. The world was largely ice-free, although there is some evidence of brief periods of glaciation during the cooler first half, and forests extended to the poles. Many of the dominant taxonomic groups present in modern times can be ultimately traced back to origins in the C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Dakota
South Dakota (; Sioux language, Sioux: , ) is a U.S. state, state in the West North Central states, North Central region of the United States. It is also part of the Great Plains. South Dakota is named after the Dakota people, Dakota Sioux tribe, which comprises a large portion of the population—with nine Indian reservation, reservations in the state—and has historically dominated the territory. South Dakota is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 17th-largest by area, the List of U.S. states and territories by population, fifth-least populous, and the List of U.S. states and territories by population density, fifth-least densely populated of the List of U.S. states, 50 United States. Pierre, South Dakota, Pierre is the List of capitals in the United States, state capital, and Sioux Falls, South Dakota, Sioux Falls, with a population of about 213,900, is South Dakota's List of cities in South Dakota, most populous city. The state is bisected by the Missouri Ri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
