China–Rwanda Relations
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China–Rwanda Relations
China–Rwanda relations refer to the foreign relations between China and Rwanda. China and Rwanda established diplomatic relations on November 12, 1971. China has an embassy in Kigali, while Rwanda has an embassy in Beijing. Chinese support to Rwanda Following the Rwandan genocide, China provided Rwanda with $20 million in financial aid, $10 million worth of humanitarian relief, and dispatched medical teams to assist in local relief efforts in Rwanda. China subsequently expanded its support to Rwanda under the auspices of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. From 2000 to 2011, there were approximately 56 Chinese official development finance projects identified in Rwanda through various media reports. These projects range from a US$160 million debt cancellation in 2007, to financing the construction and operationalization of the cement factory (CIMERWA) at Bugarama in 2009, and an interest-free, 219 million RMB loan for the rehabilitation of the Kigali road network in 2009. ...
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China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and borders fourteen countries by land, the most of any country in the world, tied with Russia. Covering an area of approximately , it is the world's third largest country by total land area. The country consists of 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities, and two Special Administrative Regions (Hong Kong and Macau). The national capital is Beijing, and the most populous city and financial center is Shanghai. Modern Chinese trace their origins to a cradle of civilization in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. The semi-legendary Xia dynasty in the 21st century BCE and the well-attested Shang and Zhou dynasties developed a bureaucratic political system to serve hereditary monarchies, or dyna ...
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Rwanda
Rwanda (; rw, u Rwanda ), officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of Central Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equator, Rwanda is bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is highly elevated, giving it the soubriquet "land of a thousand hills", with its geography dominated by mountains in the west and savanna to the southeast, with numerous lakes throughout the country. The climate is temperate to subtropical, with two rainy seasons and two dry seasons each year. Rwanda has a population of over 12.6 million living on of land, and is the most densely populated mainland African country; among countries larger than 10,000 km2, it is the fifth most densely populated country in the world. One million people live in the Capital city, capital and largest city Kigali. Hunter-gatherers settled the territory in the St ...
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Columbia University Press
Columbia University Press is a university press based in New York City, and affiliated with Columbia University. It is currently directed by Jennifer Crewe (2014–present) and publishes titles in the humanities and sciences, including the fields of literary and cultural studies, history, social work, sociology, religion, film, and international studies. History Founded in May 1893, In 1933 the first four volumes of the ''History of the State of New York'' were published. In early 1940s revenues rises, partially thanks to the ''Encyclopedia'' and the government's purchase of 12,500 copies for use by the military. Columbia University Press is notable for publishing reference works, such as ''The Columbia Encyclopedia'' (1935–present), ''The Columbia Granger's Index to Poetry'' (online as ''The Columbia World of Poetry Online'') and ''The Columbia Gazetteer of the World'' (also online) and for publishing music. First among American university presses to publish in electronic ...
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Kigali
Kigali () is the Capital (political), capital and largest city of Rwanda. It is near the nation's geographic centre in a region of rolling hills, with a series of valleys and ridges joined by steep slopes. As a primate city, Kigali has been Rwanda's economic, cultural, and transport hub since it became the capital following independence from Belgian rule in 1962. In an area controlled by the Kingdom of Rwanda from the 17th century and then German East Africa, by the German Empire, the city was founded in 1907 when Richard Kandt, List of colonial residents of Rwanda, the colonial resident, chose the site for his headquarters, citing its central location, views and security. Foreign merchants began to trade in the city during the German era, and Kandt opened some government-run schools for Tutsi Rwandan students. Belgium East African campaign (World War I), took control of Rwanda and Burundi during World War I, forming the mandate of Ruanda-Urundi. Kigali remained the seat of colo ...
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Beijing
} Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 million residents. It has an administrative area of , the third in the country after Guangzhou and Shanghai. It is located in Northern China, and is governed as a municipality under the direct administration of the State Council with 16 urban, suburban, and rural districts.Figures based on 2006 statistics published in 2007 National Statistical Yearbook of China and available online at archive. Retrieved 21 April 2009. Beijing is mostly surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin to the southeast; together, the three divisions form the Jingjinji megalopolis and the national capital region of China. Beijing is a global city and one of the world's leading centres for culture, diplomacy, politics, finance, busi ...
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Forum On China–Africa Cooperation
The Forum on China–Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) ; french: Forum sur la coopération sino-africaine) is an official forum between the People's Republic of China and all states in Africa with the exception of the Kingdom of Eswatini. It is the primary multi-lateral coordination mechanism between African countries and China and since 2018 is viewed by those countries as a cooperation platform within the Belt and Road Initiative. Membership and structure FOCAC is the primary multi-lateral coordination mechanism between African countries and China. Along with the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum (CASCF), FOCAC was one of the first regional organizations established by China outside its territorial periphery. Since 2018, China and the African states explicitly view FOCAC as a part of China's Belt and Road Initiative. As of 2022, the members of FOCAC are 53 African countries (all except Eswatini), China, and the African Union Commission. A number of North African states are dua ...
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Debt Relief
Debt relief or debt cancellation is the partial or total forgiveness of debt, or the slowing or stopping of debt growth, owed by individuals, corporations, or nations. From antiquity through the 19th century, it refers to domestic debts, in particular agricultural debts and freeing of debt slaves. In World War I the United States Treasury made large loans to the allies that were postponed, reduced and finally paid off in 1953. In the late 20th century, it came to refer primarily to Third World debt, which started exploding with the Latin American debt crisis (Mexico 1983, etc.). In the early 21st century, it is of increased applicability to individuals in developed countries, due to credit bubbles and housing bubbles. International debt relief First World War reparations War debt payments by World War I Allies to the U.S. had been suspended in 1931—only Finland paid in full—and American public opinion demanded repayments resume as a condition of U.S. postwar aid. Germany had ...
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Bugarama
Bugarama is a town in western Rwanda. Location Bugarama is located in Rusizi District, Western Province, close to the borders with Burundi (to the east) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (to the west). It is about , by road, southwest of Kigali, Rwanda's capital and largest city, and approximately , by road, southeast of Kamembe/Cyangugu, where the district headquarters are located. Population The population of Bugarama was about 28,810 as of December 2013. Points of interest The following points of interest lie within the town limits or close to the edges of town: * Offices of Cavicon Consultants, Safkoko, FHI * The headquarters of Bugarama Sector * The International border crossing between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo at Bugarama City * The International border crossing between Rwanda and Burundi at Ruhwa * A branch of Bank of Kigali * A branch of Banque Populaire du Rwanda * A branch of ''Ruyange Sacco'' * Cyamudongo National Forest * Bugarama Ric ...
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Paul Kagame
Paul Kagame (; born 23 October 1957) is a Rwandan politician and former military officer who is the 4th and current president of Rwanda since 2000. He previously served as a commander of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), a Uganda-based rebel force which invaded Rwanda in 1990 and was one of the parties of the conflict during the Rwandan Civil War and the armed force which ended the Rwandan genocide. He was considered Rwanda's ''de facto'' leader when he served as Vice President and Minister of Defence under President Pasteur Bizimungu from 1994 to 2000 after which the "Vice President" post was abolished. Born to a Tutsi family in southern Rwanda, his family fled to Uganda when he was two years old would be where he spend the rest of his childhood during the Rwandan Revolution which ended centuries of Tutsi political dominance. In the 1980s, Kagame fought in Yoweri Museveni's rebel army, becoming a senior Ugandan army officer after Museveni's military victories carried him t ...
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China–Rwanda Relations
China–Rwanda relations refer to the foreign relations between China and Rwanda. China and Rwanda established diplomatic relations on November 12, 1971. China has an embassy in Kigali, while Rwanda has an embassy in Beijing. Chinese support to Rwanda Following the Rwandan genocide, China provided Rwanda with $20 million in financial aid, $10 million worth of humanitarian relief, and dispatched medical teams to assist in local relief efforts in Rwanda. China subsequently expanded its support to Rwanda under the auspices of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. From 2000 to 2011, there were approximately 56 Chinese official development finance projects identified in Rwanda through various media reports. These projects range from a US$160 million debt cancellation in 2007, to financing the construction and operationalization of the cement factory (CIMERWA) at Bugarama in 2009, and an interest-free, 219 million RMB loan for the rehabilitation of the Kigali road network in 2009. ...
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Bilateral Relations Of China
Bilateral may refer to any concept including two sides, in particular: *Bilateria, bilateral animals *Bilateralism, the political and cultural relations between two states *Bilateral, occurring on both sides of an organism ( Anatomical terms of location § Medial and lateral) *Bilateral symmetry, symmetry between two sides of an organism *Bilateral filter, an image processing algorithm * Bilateral amplifier, a type of amplifier * ''Bilateral'' (album), an album by the band ''Leprous'' *Bilateral school, see Partially selective school (England) In England, a partially selective school is one of a few dozen state-funded secondary schools that select a proportion of their intake by ability or aptitude, permitted as a continuation of arrangements that existed prior to 1997. Though treated ...
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