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Chester Wilson Emmons
Chester Wilson Emmons (August 21, 1900August 5, 1985) was an American scientist, who researched fungi that cause diseases. He was the first mycologist at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), where for 31 years he served as head of its Medical Mycology Section. After studying botany at Penn College and the host-parasite relationship of ''Ampelomyces quisqualis'' at Columbia University, he transferred to the School of Tropical Medicine in Puerto Rico, where he confirmed that '' Actinomyces bovis'' is present in the mouths of healthy people. In 1934, back at Columbia, he proposed that some fungi should be defined according to their structure, not the effects of the resulting fungal infection. He was the first to recognise coccidioidomycosis in desert rodents, and he established that soil is a natural reservoir for ''Histoplasma capsulatum'', which flourishes when the soil is supplemented by bird, chicken and bat droppings. He proved an association between ''Cryptococcus neof ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
What Cheer, Iowa
What Cheer (pronounced 'WOT-cheer') is a city in Keokuk County, Iowa, United States. It is a former coal town, and from the 1870s to the early 1900s was one of the major coal-producing centers of Iowa. Its greatest recorded population was 3,246, in the 1890 census. The population was 607 in the 2020 census. Naming What Cheer was founded in 1865 as Petersburg, named after Peter Britton, its founder. This name was rejected by the Post Office, forcing a change of name. Joseph Andrews, a major and veteran of the American Civil War, suggested the name "What Cheer," and the town was officially renamed on December 1, 1879.Virgil J. Vogel, ''Iowa Place Names of Indian Origin'', University of Iowa Press, 1983.Tom SavageA Dictionary of Iowa Place Names University of Iowa Press, 2007; pages 236-237. Sources differ as to why the name What Cheer was chosen. The phrase ''what cheer with you'' is an ancient English greeting dating back at least to the 15th century. One theory of the name is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xerocole
A xerocole (), is a general term referring to any animal that is adapted to live in a desert. The main challenges xerocoles must overcome are lack of water and excessive heat. To conserve water they avoid evaporation and concentrate excretions (i.e. urine and feces). Some are so adept at conserving water or obtaining it from food that they do not need to drink at all. To escape the desert heat, xerocoles tend to be either nocturnal or crepuscular (most active at dawn and dusk). Water conservation Avoiding evaporation Xerocoles have developed a variety of mechanisms to reduce water loss via evaporation. Mammalian xerocoles sweat much less than their non-desert counterparts. For example, the camel can survive ambient temperatures as high as without sweating, and the kangaroo rat lacks sweat glands entirely. Both birds and mammals in the desert have oils on the surface of their skin to "waterproof" it and inhibit evaporation. Desert insects use a similar method, as their cuticles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quakers
Quakers are people who belong to a historically Protestant Christian set of denominations known formally as the Religious Society of Friends. Members of these movements ("theFriends") are generally united by a belief in each human's ability to experience the light within or see "that of God in every one". Some profess a priesthood of all believers inspired by the First Epistle of Peter. They include those with evangelical, holiness, liberal, and traditional Quaker understandings of Christianity. There are also Nontheist Quakers, whose spiritual practice does not rely on the existence of God. To differing extents, the Friends avoid creeds and hierarchical structures. In 2017, there were an estimated 377,557 adult Quakers, 49% of them in Africa. Some 89% of Quakers worldwide belong to ''evangelical'' and ''programmed'' branches that hold services with singing and a prepared Bible message coordinated by a pastor. Some 11% practice ''waiting worship'' or ''unprogramme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Spencer Chapel
''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things that are already or about to be mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words. It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with nouns of any gender. The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. Pronunciation In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as (with the voiced dental fricative followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as (homophone of the archaic pron ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clinical Medicine (journal)
''Clinical Medicine'' is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by the Royal College of Physicians. It was established in 1966 as the ''Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London''. It carried both names between 1998 and 2000, and since 2001 it has appeared as ''Clinical Medicine''. The editor-in-chief is Prof Anton Emmanuel. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2018 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as i ... of 2.046, ranking it 58th out of 156 journals in the category "Medicine, General & Internal". References External links * {{Official website, http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/resources/clinical-medicine-journal Royal College of Physician ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycologia
''Mycologia'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes papers on all aspects of the fungi, including lichens. It first appeared as a bimonthly journal in January 1909, published by the New York Botanical Garden under the editorship of William Murrill. It became the official journal of the Mycological Society of America The Mycological Society of America (MSA) is a learned society that serves as the professional organization of mycologists in the U.S. and Canada. It was founded in 1932. The Society's constitution states that "The purpose of the Society is to prom ..., which still publishes it today. It was formed as a merger of the ''Journal of Mycology'' (14 volumes; 1885–1908) and the ''Mycological Bulletin'' (7 volumes; 1903–1908). The ''Mycological Bulletin'' was known as the ''Ohio Mycological Bulletin'' in its first volume. Editors The following persons have been editor-in-chief of the journal: The following persons have been managing editor of the journal: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Bacteriology
The ''Journal of Bacteriology'' is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1916. It is published by the American Society for Microbiology and the editor in chief is George A. O'Toole (Dartmouth College). The journal is delayed open access: content is available for free at the journal's website and at PubMed Central after a six-month embargo. The journal is also hybrid open access allowing authors to pay an article processing fee for their articles to be available for free immediately. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as i ... of 3.490. References External links *{{Official website, http://jb.asm.org/ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycopathologia And Mycologia Applicata
''Mycopathologia'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers the role of fungi in human and animal disease, i.e., medical and veterinary mycology. The journal was established in 1938 and is currently published by Springer Link. The current editor-in-chief is Vishnu Chaturvedi (California Department of Public Health / University of California, Berkeley). History The journal was initially established by Wilhelm Junk in The Hague as ''Mycopathologia'' () in 1938. Then in 1950, it continued publication under the name ''Mycopathologia & Mycologia Applicata'' (), before returning to ''Mycopathologia'' () in 1975. From 1959 to 1984, a supplement ''Iconographia Mycologica'' () was published alongside it. Abstracting and indexing ''Mycopathologia'' is abstracted and indexed An abstracting service is a service that provides abstracts of publications, often on a subject or group of related subjects, usually on a subscription basis. An indexing service is a service that assigns desc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antibiotics And Chemotherapy
''Antibiotics and Chemotherapy'' was a peer-reviewed medical journal covering antimicrobial and cancer chemotherapy published by Karger Publishers Karger Publishers (also: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers, S. Karger AG) is an academic publisher of scientific and medical journals and books. The current CEO is Daniel Ebneter. History The company was founded in 1890 in Berlin by Sam .... It was established in 1955 as ''Antibiotica et Chemotherapia: Fortschritte. Advances. Progrès'', obtaining its current name in 1971. It ceased publication in 2000. External links * Pharmacology journals Oncology journals Karger academic journals English-language journals Publications established in 1955 Publications disestablished in 2000 1955 establishments in Switzerland {{pharma-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Journal Of Epidemiology
The American Journal of Epidemiology (''AJE'') is a peer-reviewed journal for empirical research findings, opinion pieces, and methodological developments in the field of epidemiological research. The current editor-in-chief is Dr. Enrique Schisterman. Articles published in ''AJE'' are indexed by PubMed, Embase, and a number of other databases. The ''AJE'' offers open-access options for authors. It is published monthly, with articles published online ahead of print at the accepted manuscript and corrected proof stages. Entire issues have been dedicated to abstracts from academic meetings (Society of Epidemiologic Research, North American Congress of Epidemiology), the history of the Epidemic Intelligence Service of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the life of George W. Comstock, and the celebration of notable anniversaries of schools of public health ( University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health; Tulane University School of Public Health and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Washington University School Of Medicine & Health Sciences
The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences (abbreviated as GW Medical School or SMHS) is the professional medical school of the George Washington University, in Washington, D.C. SMHS is one of the most selective medical schools in the United States based on the number of applicants. Rankings '' U.S. News & World Report'' ranks GW Medicine as having the third best physician assistant program, the 40th best physical therapy program, as tied for the 60th best research medical school, and as tied for the 68th best primary care medical school in the United States. The George Washington University Hospital has routinely served the medical needs of presidents of the United States and members of the U.S. Congress. GW Medicine is one of the most selective medical schools in the U.S. based on the number of applicants (rather than based on GPA and MCAT scores), with the fifth-lowest acceptance rate of any medical school in the United States. GW SMHS experienc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy and their use to humans, including as a source for tinder, traditional medicine, food, and entheogens, as well as their dangers, such as toxicity or infection. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist. Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases, and the two disciplines remain closely related because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. Overview Historically, mycology was a branch of botany because, although fungi are evolutionarily more closely related to animals than to plants, this was not recognized until a few decades ago. Pioneer mycologists included Elias Magnus Fries, Christian Hendrik Persoon, Anton de Bary, Elizabeth Eaton Morse, and Lewis David von Schweinitz. Beatrix Potter, author of ''The Tale of Peter Rabbit'', also made significant contributions to the fiel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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