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Channel Islands Competition And Regulatory Authorities
The Channel Islands Competition and Regulatory Authorities (CICRA) was the name given to the combined Jersey Competition Regulatory Authority and the Guernsey Competition and Regulatory Authority, which operate in the Bailiwick of Guernsey and the Bailiwick of Jersey in the Channel Islands. CICRA existed from 2010 to 2020: the authorities for Guernsey and Jersey now function independently. History Formed in December 2010, CICRA was responsible for administering and enforcing the Competition (Jersey) Law 2005 and The Competition (Guernsey) Ordinance 2012. The purpose of the legislation is to prevent consumers being harmed by anti-competitive or exploitative behaviour in the market. The decision to form a joint body was taken because of the similarity of needs and the reduction in duplication through economies of scale. Resources available to CICRA were limited. The joint body was disbanded in July 2020. Areas of responsibility The areas of responsibility were: * ''Competit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jersey Competition Regulatory Authority
The Jersey Competition Regulatory Authority (JCRA) is the competition, postal, and telecommunications regulatory authority for Jersey, a British Crown Dependency located in the English Channel. Jersey's Competition Laws The Jersey Competition Regulatory Authority (JCRA) was established in 2001 as an independent statutory body with a broad jurisdiction under the Competition Regulatory Authority (Jersey) Law 2001. At the time that the legislation was considered by the states, the explanatory note mentioned: ''""...it is deliberately intended that the JCRA is, and is seen to be, independent from the States in its licensing and regulatory roles. It is intrinsically important that these functions are undertaken independently but subject to clear statutory duties relating to securing'' service provision and protecting and promoting customers' interests in the face of monopoly or dominant providers of essential services." In 2001, the States of Jersey passed the Competition Regulator ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bailiwick Of Guernsey
The Bailiwick of Guernsey (french: Bailliage de Guernesey; Guernésiais: ''Bailliage dé Guernési'') is an island country off the coast of France as one of the three Crown Dependencies. Separated from the Duchy of Normandy by and under the terms of the Treaty of Le Goulet, Treaty (or Peace) of Le Goulet in 1204, the Bailiwick comprises a number of islands in the English Channel which fall into three separate sub-jurisdictions: Guernsey, Alderney and Sark. Herm is administered as a part of Guernsey. A bailiwick is a territory administered by a bailiff. The Bailiff (Channel Islands), bailiff of Guernsey is the civil head and presiding officer of the States of Guernsey, but not of Alderney or Sark. He is the head of the judiciary of the Bailiwick. History The history of the Bailiwick of Guernsey goes back to 933, when the islands came under the control of William Longsword, having been annexed from the Duchy of Brittany by the Duchy of Normandy. The island of Guernsey and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bailiwick Of Jersey
A bailiwick () is usually the area of jurisdiction of a bailiff, and once also applied to territories in which a privately appointed bailiff exercised the sheriff's functions under a royal or imperial writ. The bailiwick is probably modelled on the administrative organization which was attempted for a very small time in Sicily and has its roots in the official state of the Hohenstaufen. In English, the original French ''bailie'' combined with '-wic', the Anglo-Saxon suffix (meaning a village) to produce a term meaning literally 'bailiff's village'—the original geographic scope of a bailiwick. In the 19th century, it was absorbed into American English as a metaphor for a sphere of knowledge or activity. The term survives in administrative usage in the British Crown Dependencies of the Channel Islands, which are grouped for administrative purposes into two bailiwicks — the Bailiwick of Jersey (comprising the island of Jersey and uninhabited islets such as the Minquiers an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Channel Islands
The Channel Islands ( nrf, Îles d'la Manche; french: îles Anglo-Normandes or ''îles de la Manche'') are an archipelago in the English Channel, off the French coast of Normandy. They include two Crown Dependencies: the Bailiwick of Jersey, which is the largest of the islands; and the Bailiwick of Guernsey, consisting of Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, Herm and some smaller islands. They are considered the remnants of the Duchy of Normandy and, although they are not part of the United Kingdom, the UK is responsible for the defence and international relations of the islands. The Crown dependencies are not members of the Commonwealth of Nations, nor have they ever been in the European Union. They have a total population of about , and the bailiwicks' capitals, Saint Helier and Saint Peter Port, have populations of 33,500 and 18,207, respectively. "Channel Islands" is a geographical term, not a political unit. The two bailiwicks have been administered separately since the late ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economies Of Scale
In microeconomics, economies of scale are the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation, and are typically measured by the amount of output produced per unit of time. A decrease in cost per unit of output enables an increase in scale. At the basis of economies of scale, there may be technical, statistical, organizational or related factors to the degree of market control. This is just a partial description of the concept. Economies of scale apply to a variety of the organizational and business situations and at various levels, such as a production, plant or an entire enterprise. When average costs start falling as output increases, then economies of scale occur. Some economies of scale, such as capital cost of manufacturing facilities and friction loss of transportation and industrial equipment, have a physical or engineering basis. The economic concept dates back to Adam Smith and the idea of obtaining larger production returns through the use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
States Of Guernsey
The States of Guernsey (french: États de Guernesey), sometimes referred to as the Government of Guernsey, is the parliament and government of the British Crown dependency of Guernsey. Some laws and ordinances approved by the States of Guernsey also apply to Alderney and Sark (the other component parts of the Bailiwick of Guernsey) as "Bailiwick-wide legislation" with the consent of the governments of those islands. All enactments of the States of Guernsey apply to Herm as well as Guernsey, since Herm is directly administered by the Bailiwick of Guernsey. When constituted as a legislature, it is officially called the States of Deliberation. When constituted as an electoral college, it is officially called the ''States of Election''. The executive functions of the States are carried out using a committee system, formed of one Senior Committee, six Principal Committees and several other Committees Boards, Authorities and Commissions. Legislation passed by the States is ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guernsey Press
The ''Guernsey Press and Star'', more commonly known as the ''Guernsey Press'' is the only daily newspaper published in Guernsey. History The ''Guernsey Evening Press'' was first published in 1897. In 1951 it purchased the struggling ''Guernsey Star'' (first published in 1813), renaming itself ''Guernsey Evening Press and Star''. The paper was published by The Guernsey Press Company until 1999 when the company merged with Guiton, publishers of the ''Jersey Evening Post''. In 2004 Guiton came under the ownership of the Claverlely Group, which also owns the ''Wolverhampton Express and Star'' and the ''Shropshire Star''. On 1 October 2019 it was announced that The Channel Islands Media Group Limited, a local investment company, had purchased the Guernsey Press Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, Guernsey Distribution Limited. Publication and circulation The paper is currently published six days a week and has a circulation of 15,165 (average for December 2010 – June 201 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jersey Post
Jersey Post is the licensed universal service provider of mail service for the Bailiwick of Jersey. History Jersey Post was established (as the Committee for Postal Administration) by the ''Post Office (Jersey) Law 1969'', in 1969 as a result of an Order in Council which enabled the Crown dependencies to establish independent postal services. Jersey is postcoded as the JE postcode area, established between 1990 and 1994 as an extension of the Postcodes in the United Kingdom, United Kingdom postcode system.], House of Commons Hansard, London, 17 December 2002, column 739W. Previously, Jersey did not have postcodes (despite an unsuccessful experiment using delivery round numbers). Jersey Post International Limited was incorporated as a Limited Liability Company by the States Assembly on 1 July 2006 when the ''Postal Services (Jersey) Law 2005'' came fully into force allowing competition in this sector for the first time. It is licensed by the Jersey Competition Regulatory Auth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guernsey Electricity
Guernsey Electricity Limited (GE) is the sole commercial electricity supplier on the island of Guernsey. GE has been operating for over 100 years, moving from local generation of power from coal, and later oil, to investing in cables to connect into the grids in Jersey and France through the Channel Islands Electricity Grid. History Early electricity uses in Guernsey In 1887 a dynamo was used to generate street lighting in front of Randalls Brewery in the Avenue, followed in 1897 by a water powered first domestic installation at Le Chalet, Fermain bay. In 1898 Edmundsons Electricity Corporation was granted the concession to build and operate an electricity supply in Guernsey. of cables would have to be installed below ground within two years. In February 1900 150 kW could be generated from the power station at Les Amballes, St Peter Port. Prepayment meters had to be provided that would take English or French coins, there being three currencies in operation in Guernsey at th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2010 Establishments In British Overseas Territories
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment of length 1. In conventions of sign where zero is considered neither positive nor negative, 1 is the first and smallest positive integer. It is also sometimes considered the first of the infinite sequence of natural numbers, followed by 2, although by other definitions 1 is the second natural number, following 0. The fundamental mathematical property of 1 is to be a multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. Most if not all properties of 1 can be deduced from this. In advanced mathematics, a multiplicative identity is often denoted 1, even if it is not a number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number; this was not universally accepted until the mid-20th century. Additionally, 1 is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communications Authorities
Communication (from la, communicare, meaning "to share" or "to be in relation with") is usually defined as the transmission of information. The term may also refer to the message communicated through such transmissions or the field of inquiry studying them. There are many disagreements about its precise definition. John Peters argues that the difficulty of defining communication emerges from the fact that communication is both a universal phenomenon and a specific discipline of institutional academic study. One definitional strategy involves limiting what can be included in the category of communication (for example, requiring a "conscious intent" to persuade). By this logic, one possible definition of communication is the act of developing meaning among entities or groups through the use of sufficiently mutually understood signs, symbols, and semiotic conventions. An important distinction is between verbal communication, which happens through the use of a language, and non ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
