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Ch (computer Programming)
CH is a proprietary cross-platform C and C++ interpreter and scripting language environment. It was designed by Harry Cheng as a scripting language for beginners to learn mathematics, computing, numerical analysis (numeric methods), and programming in C/C++. Ch is now developed and marketed by SoftIntegration, Inc.. Free versions include the student edition, and the non-commercial Professional Edition for Raspberry Pi. CH can be embedded in C and C++ application programs. It has numerical computing and graphical plotting features. CH is combined of both shell and IDE. CH shell combines the features of common shell and C language. ChIDE provides quick code navigation and symbolic debugging. It is based on embedded CH, Scite, and Scintilla. CH is written in C and runs on Windows, Linux, macOS, FreeBSD, AIX, Solaris, QNX, and HP-UX. It supports C90 and major C99 features, but it does not support the full set of C++ features. C99 complex number, IEEE 754 floating-point arit ...
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C (programming Language)
C (''pronounced'' '' – like the letter c'') is a general-purpose programming language. It was created in the 1970s by Dennis Ritchie and remains very widely used and influential. By design, C's features cleanly reflect the capabilities of the targeted Central processing unit, CPUs. It has found lasting use in operating systems code (especially in Kernel (operating system), kernels), device drivers, and protocol stacks, but its use in application software has been decreasing. C is commonly used on computer architectures that range from the largest supercomputers to the smallest microcontrollers and embedded systems. A successor to the programming language B (programming language), B, C was originally developed at Bell Labs by Ritchie between 1972 and 1973 to construct utilities running on Unix. It was applied to re-implementing the kernel of the Unix operating system. During the 1980s, C gradually gained popularity. It has become one of the most widely used programming langu ...
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Numerical Analysis
Numerical analysis is the study of algorithms that use numerical approximation (as opposed to symbolic computation, symbolic manipulations) for the problems of mathematical analysis (as distinguished from discrete mathematics). It is the study of numerical methods that attempt to find approximate solutions of problems rather than the exact ones. Numerical analysis finds application in all fields of engineering and the physical sciences, and in the 21st century also the life and social sciences like economics, medicine, business and even the arts. Current growth in computing power has enabled the use of more complex numerical analysis, providing detailed and realistic mathematical models in science and engineering. Examples of numerical analysis include: ordinary differential equations as found in celestial mechanics (predicting the motions of planets, stars and galaxies), numerical linear algebra in data analysis, and stochastic differential equations and Markov chains for simulati ...
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Source Code
In computing, source code, or simply code or source, is a plain text computer program written in a programming language. A programmer writes the human readable source code to control the behavior of a computer. Since a computer, at base, only understands machine code, source code must be Translator (computing), translated before a computer can Execution (computing), execute it. The translation process can be implemented three ways. Source code can be converted into machine code by a compiler or an assembler (computing), assembler. The resulting executable is machine code ready for the computer. Alternatively, source code can be executed without conversion via an interpreter (computing), interpreter. An interpreter loads the source code into memory. It simultaneously translates and executes each statement (computer science), statement. A method that combines compilation and interpretation is to first produce bytecode. Bytecode is an intermediate representation of source code tha ...
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Six-bar Linkage
In mechanics, a six-bar linkage is a mechanism with one degree of freedom that is constructed from six links and seven joints. An example is the Klann linkage used to drive the legs of a walking machine. In general, each joint of a linkage connects two links, and a binary link supports two joints. If we consider a hexagon constructed from six binary links with six of the seven joints forming its vertices, then the seventh joint can be added to connect two sides of the hexagon to form a six-bar linkage with two ternary links connected by one joint. This type of six-bar linkage is said to have the Watt topology.An animation oa six-bar linkage with the Watt topology./ref> A six-bar linkage can also be constructed by first assembling five binary links into a pentagon, which uses five of the seven joints, and then completing the linkage by adding a binary link that connects two sides of the pentagon. This again creates two ternary links that are now separated by one or more ...
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Five-bar Linkage
In kinematics, a five-bar linkage is a mechanism (engineering), mechanism with two Degrees of freedom (mechanics), degrees of freedom that is constructed from five links that are connected together in a Kinematic chain, closed chain. All links are connected to each other by five Kinematic pair, joints in series forming a loop. One of the links is the ground or base.Dong, Dianbiao, et al"Design and optimization of a powered ankle-foot prosthesis using a geared five-bar spring mechanism" ''International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems'' 14.3 (2017): 1729881417704545. p. 3. This configuration is also called a pantograph,Campion, Gianni.The Pantograph Mk-II: a haptic instrument. The Synthesis of Three Dimensional Haptic Textures: Geometry, Control, and Psychophysics. Springer, London, 2005. 45-58. however, it is not to be confused with the parallelogram-copying linkage pantograph. The linkage can be a one-degree-of-freedom mechanism if two gears are attached to two links and ar ...
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Four-bar Linkage
In the study of Mechanism (engineering), mechanisms, a four-bar linkage, also called a four-bar, is the simplest closed-Kinematic chain, chain movable linkage (mechanical), linkage. It consists of four Rigid body, bodies, called ''bars'' or ''links'', connected in a loop by four Kinematic pair, joints. Generally, the joints are configured so the links move in parallel planes, and the assembly is called a ''planar four-bar linkage''. Spherical and spatial four-bar linkages also exist and are used in practice. Planar four-bar linkage Planar four-bar linkages are constructed from four links connected in a loop by four one-degrees of freedom (mechanics), degree-of-freedom joints. A joint may be either a revolute joint – also known as a pin joint or hinged joint – denoted by R, or a prismatic joint – also known as a sliding pair – denoted by P. A link that is fixed in place relative to the viewer is called a ''ground link.'' A link connecting to the ground by a revolute joint ...
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CRN Magazine
''CRN'' is an American computer publication. It was first launched as ''Computer Retail Week'' on June 7, 1982, as a magazine targeted to computer resellers. It soon after was renamed ''Computer Reseller News''. History and profile Originally launched in 1982 and published by CMP Media of Manhasset, New York, United States, ''CRN'' was subsequently purchased by London-based United Business Media (UBM) as part of the $920 million acquisition of CMP. ''Computer Reseller News'' later changed its name to the acronym CRN and is still published today by franchise publishers in a number of other countries including Australia, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, India, Poland, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The Australian ''CRN'' is published by nextmedia, the UK version of ''CRN'' was published by Incisive Media for some years after it acquired VNU Business Publications UK in 2007
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Variable-length Array
In computer programming, a variable-length array (VLA), also called variable-sized or runtime-sized, is an array data structure whose length is determined at runtime, instead of at compile time. In the language C, the VLA is said to have a variably modified data type that depends on a value (see Dependent type). The main purpose of VLAs is to simplify programming of numerical algorithms. Programming languages that support VLAs include Ada, ALGOL 68 (for non-flexible rows), APL, C# (as unsafe-mode stack-allocated arrays), COBOL, Fortran 90, J, and Object Pascal (the language used in Delphi and Lazarus, that uses FPC). C99 introduced support for VLAs, although they were subsequently relegated in C11 to a conditional feature, which implementations are not required to support; on some platforms, VLAs could be implemented formerly with alloca() or similar functions. Growable arrays (also called dynamic arrays) are generally more useful than VLAs because dynamic arrays can ...
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IEEE 754
The IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic (IEEE 754) is a technical standard for floating-point arithmetic originally established in 1985 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The standard #Design rationale, addressed many problems found in the diverse floating-point implementations that made them difficult to use reliably and Software portability, portably. Many hardware floating-point units use the IEEE 754 standard. The standard defines: * ''arithmetic formats:'' sets of Binary code, binary and decimal floating-point data, which consist of finite numbers (including signed zeros and subnormal numbers), infinity, infinities, and special "not a number" values (NaNs) * ''interchange formats:'' encodings (bit strings) that may be used to exchange floating-point data in an efficient and compact form * ''rounding rules:'' properties to be satisfied when rounding numbers during arithmetic and conversions * ''operations:'' arithmetic and other operatio ...
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C90 (C Version)
ANSI C, ISO C, and Standard C are successive standards for the C programming language published by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 14 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Historically, the names referred specifically to the original and best-supported version of the standard (known as C89 or C90). Software developers writing in C are encouraged to conform to the standards, as doing so helps portability between compilers. History and outlook The first standard for C was published by ANSI. Although this document was subsequently adopted by ISO/IEC and subsequent revisions published by ISO/IEC have been adopted by ANSI, "ANSI C" is still used to refer to the standard. While some software developers use the term ISO C, others are standards-body neutral and use Standard C. Informal specification: K&R C (''C78'') Informal specification in 1978 (Brian Kernig ...
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MacOS
macOS, previously OS X and originally Mac OS X, is a Unix, Unix-based operating system developed and marketed by Apple Inc., Apple since 2001. It is the current operating system for Apple's Mac (computer), Mac computers. Within the market of Desktop computer, desktop and laptop computers, it is the Usage share of operating systems#Desktop and laptop computers, second most widely used desktop OS, after Microsoft Windows and ahead of all Linux distributions, including ChromeOS and SteamOS. , the most recent release of macOS is MacOS Sequoia, macOS 15 Sequoia, the 21st major version of macOS. Mac OS X succeeded classic Mac OS, the primary Mac operating systems, Macintosh operating system from 1984 to 2001. Its underlying architecture came from NeXT's NeXTSTEP, as a result of NeXT#1997–2006: Acquisition by Apple, Apple's acquisition of NeXT, which also brought Steve Jobs back to Apple. The first desktop version, Mac OS X 10.0, was released on March 24, 2001. Mac ...
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Scintilla (software)
Scintilla is a free, open-source library that provides a text editing component function, with an emphasis on advanced features for source code editing. Features Scintilla supports many features to make code editing easier in addition to syntax highlighting. The highlighting method allows the use of different fonts, colors, styles and background colors, and is not limited to fixed-width fonts. The control supports error indicators, line numbering in the margin, as well as line markers such as code breakpoints. Other features such as code folding and autocompletion can be added. The basic regular expression search implementation is rudimentary, but if compiled with C++11 support Scintilla can support the runtime's regular expression engine. Scintilla's regular expression library can also be replaced or avoided with direct buffer access. Currently, Scintilla has experimental support for right-to-left languages. Scinterm is a version of Scintilla for the curses text user int ...
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