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Centreforce
Centreforce also known as 88.3 Centreforce and Centreforce Radio is a former pirate radio station, now legally broadcasting to London, North West England and North Wales on DAB radio. It was instrumental during the Second Summer of Love period of acid house and rave music culture in the UK. Early history Centreforce first broadcast on 8 May 1989, from Newham, East London on the frequency of 88.3 FM. In its short time on air (it ceased broadcasting little over a year later around May/June 1990), it became the "first seven day rave station", and a pivotal part of the scene, promoting all of the big M25 raves of the time such as Genesis, Energy, Sunrise, and Biology. Regular DJs on the station included DJ Randall (3 Amigos), Kenny Ken, Danielle & Rochelle, Keith Mac, Gary D, DJ One, Corporation Dave, DJ Huggs, DJ Connie, Hermit, and Jazzy J. Centreforce was set up by Andy Swallow who also co-ran the Echoes nightclub in Bow, East London. Swallow was also involved with the infam ...
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Jumping Jack Frost
Nigel Thompson (born 29 May 1967), better known as Jumpin Jack Frost, is a British jungle and drum and bass DJ and record producer. Biography Frost was born in Brixton, London, and after a troubled youth, started to discover music through local sound system 'dances' and then nights such as Soul II Soul at the Africa Centre. He first started DJing at 18, playing funk and hip hop before the acid house scene arrived and he played at the ''Carwash'' nights in the late 1980s with Grooverider, Bryan Gee, and Fabio. As a resident at The Fridge in Brixton, he played alongside Paul 'Trouble' Anderson and Evil Eddie Richards. He also hosted a show on the Brixton-based pirate radio station Passion FM which later became Lightning FM. From here, he would DJ at all the large raves up and down the country including '' Dreamscape'', ''Telepathy'', ''The Edge'', and ''One Nation''. His friendship with Bryan Gee would lead to both forming the celebrated drum and bass label V Recording ...
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Kenny Ken
Ken Delsol (born 12 December 1969), better known as Kenny Ken, is a British jungle and drum and bass DJ and producer. Biography Kenny was working for London Transport when his first big break came around in 1989 as a result of him being a regular attendee at Crazy Larry's, an early Sunday morning rave. The organizers also promoted the Crazy Club at Busby's, where Kenny became resident DJ alongside Ray Keith and Jumpin Jack Frost. One of his first times playing out was at Labrynth. Kenny would also play on the pirate radio station Centreforce, under the name 'Players Kenny'. He would soon become resident DJ at London nights, ''Sunday Roast'', ''Telepathy'', ''World Dance'', ''AWOL'', and in 1994 won the inaugural ''Jungle Sound Clash'' event. He rose to prominence with his first big track "Everyman", and proceeded to launch his Mix & Blen' label in 1997, followed by Planet Funk Recordings, co-owned with DJ Mace. He was the guest DJ on Radio 1's Simon Bates' show in 1991, wh ...
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Inter City Firm
The Inter City Firm (ICF) is an English football hooligan firm associated with West Ham United, which was mainly active in the 1970s, 1980s and early 1990s. The name came from the use of InterCity trains to travel to away games. They were the subject of a 1985 Thames Television documentary, ''Hooligan''. History The firm formed out of a number of other West Ham groups, including the ''Mile End Boys'' and ''Essex East London Firm''. ICF formed in the 1977/78 season. The most notable figure associated with the ICF is Cass Pennant, who wrote on football hooliganism in the 1990s and 2000s. In his book, ''Congratulations You Have Just Met the ICF'', as a black Londoner, Pennant maintains that the ICF was not racist or right-wing. Bill Gardner, a member of the Mile End Boys, appears on the front-cover of the original print of the book. Carlton Leach, the main character in the film ''Rise of the Footsoldier'', is also associated with the firm. He, along with Pat Tate, Tony Tucker an ...
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UK Pirate Radio
Pirate radio in the United Kingdom (UK) has been a popular and enduring radio medium since the 1960s, despite expansions in licensed broadcasting, and the advent of both digital radio and internet radio. Although it peaked throughout the 1960s and again during the 1980s/1990s, it remains in existence today. Having moved from transmitting from ships in the sea to tower blocks across UK towns and cities, in 2009 the UK broadcasting regulator Ofcom estimated more than 150 pirate radio stations were still operating. 1960s Pirate radio in the UK first became widespread in the early 1960s when pop music stations such as Radio Caroline and Radio London started to broadcast on medium wave to the UK from offshore ships or disused sea forts. At the time, these stations were not illegal because they were broadcasting from international waters. The stations were set up by entrepreneurs and music enthusiasts to meet the growing demand for pop and rock music, which was not catered for by ...
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Second Summer Of Love
The Second Summer of Love was a late 1980s social phenomenon in the United Kingdom which saw the rise of acid house music and unlicensed rave parties. Although primarily referring to the summer of 1988, it lasted into the summer of 1989, when electronic dance music and the prevalence of the drug MDMA fuelled an explosion in youth culture culminating in mass free parties and the era of the rave. The music of this era fused dance beats with a psychedelic, 1960s flavour, and the dance culture drew parallels with the hedonism and freedom of the 1967 Summer of Love in San Francisco. The smiley logo is synonymous with this period in the UK. History The Second Summer of Love began in 1988 in UK, and rose from the house music British nightclubs dating from 1987 to 88 Shoom (run by Danny Rampling) and Future (organised by Paul Oakenfold), Trip (run by Nicky Holloway), Slam (DJs) and The Haçienda (run by Mike Pickering and Graeme Park). It was though a cultural happening particularly a ...
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Former Pirate Radio Stations
A former is an object, such as a template, gauge or cutting die, which is used to form something such as a boat's hull. Typically, a former gives shape to a structure that may have complex curvature. A former may become an integral part of the finished structure, as in an aircraft fuselage, or it may be removable, being using in the construction process and then discarded or re-used. Aircraft formers Formers are used in the construction of aircraft fuselage, of which a typical fuselage has a series from the nose to the empennage, typically perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft. The primary purpose of formers is to establish the shape of the fuselage and reduce the column length of stringers to prevent instability. Formers are typically attached to longerons, which support the skin of the aircraft. The "former-and-longeron" technique (also called stations and stringers) was adopted from boat construction, and was typical of light aircraft built until the ...
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Radio Stations In London
Radio is the technology of signaling and communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 30 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a transmitter connected to an antenna which radiates the waves, and received by another antenna connected to a radio receiver. Radio is very widely used in modern technology, in radio communication, radar, radio navigation, remote control, remote sensing, and other applications. In radio communication, used in radio and television broadcasting, cell phones, two-way radios, wireless networking, and satellite communication, among numerous other uses, radio waves are used to carry information across space from a transmitter to a receiver, by modulating the radio signal (impressing an information signal on the radio wave by varying some aspect of the wave) in the transmitter. In radar, used to locate and track objects like aircraft, ships, spacecraft an ...
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MuxCo
MuxCo is an operator of digital radio in the United Kingdom. It is, in joint ventures, the licensee for local DAB ensembles in various parts of England and Wales. The company is owned by Arqiva, Bauer Radio and Folder Media. (owners of Fun Kids).Despite having had several licences since 2008, it did not launch any services until 2013. "MuxCo Suffolk Ltd" is a joint venture between MuxCo, Nation Broadcasting Nation Broadcasting is a British media company headquartered in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. It currently owns and operates twelve Independent Local Radio stations across the United Kingdom. History Originally known as Town and Country Broa ... and launched on 30 September 2016. The first launch, of the multiplex based in Wrexham and Cheshire, was planned for November 2012 but was pushed back to the beginning of 2013. Test transmissions from Moel-y-Parc began on Monday 11 March 2013 and from Wrexham Rhos on Tuesday 12 March 2013, with full transmissions from the ...
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Switch London
Switch London is a DAB ensemble operated by Switchdigital; it broadcasts from a variety of sites in and around London (Alexandra Palace transmitting station, Alexandra Palace, Arkley, Bluebell Hill transmitting station, Bluebell Hill, BT Tower, Colindale House, Crystal Palace transmitting station, Crystal Palace, Guildford, Hampstead, Harrow Weald, Hemel Hempstead, Leatherhead Stoke d'Abernon, Mount Vernon, Otford, Reigate, Richmond Hill, Shepherds Bush, Shooters Hill, Sidcup, Staines, Uxbridge and Zouches Farm). It has been on air since July 2000. It is also referred to as the Greater London 2 multiplex. In their application to the Radio Authority, Switch proposed using Brookmans Park as a transmission site in its Single frequency network, SFN, but this has not yet been implemented. In 2010, the Otford relay site was replaced by the much more powerful Wrotham site in Kent which broadcasts at 5 kW. Stations carried References See also

*DRG London *CE London {{Media in t ...
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Digital Audio Broadcasting
Digital radio is the use of digital technology to transmit or receive across the radio spectrum. Digital transmission by radio waves includes digital broadcasting, and especially digital audio radio services. Types In digital broadcasting systems, the analog audio signal is digital audio, digitized, Audio compression (data), compressed using an audio coding format such as AAC+ (MDCT) or MPEG-1 Audio Layer II, MP2, and transmitted using a digital modulation scheme. The aim is to increase the number of radio programs in a given spectrum, to improve the audio quality, to eliminate fading problems in mobile environments, to allow additional datacasting services, and to decrease the transmission power or the number of transmitters required to cover a region. However, analog radio (AM and FM) is still more popular and listening to radio over IP (Internet Protocol) is growing in popularity. In 2012 four digital wireless radio systems are recognized by the International Telecommunicati ...
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Tuff Jam
Tuff Jam are a British DJ, music production and remixing duo consisting of Karl 'Tuff Enuff' Brown and Matt 'Jam' Lamont. They began working together in 1993, and were instrumental in developing the UK garage sound. They presented a radio show on London's Kiss 100 from 1997 until 2000. Biography Karl 'Tuff Enuff' Brown and Matt 'Jam' Lamont began working together in 1993 after meeting at the London club The Arches, where Lamont had a DJ residency. Brown had previously been in the group Double Trouble, who enjoyed chart success with singles such as " Street Tuff". They are described as having a "pivotal involvement in the development of the UK underground garage scene." They presented a radio show on London's Kiss FM from 1997 until 2000. Their 1998 single "Need Good Love" reached No. 44 on the UK Singles Chart. Lamont continues to DJ, whilst Brown launched a record label, 2tuf4u in 2002. They have produced and remixed an extensive back-catalogue of UK garage releases over the ...
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Artful Dodger (duo)
Artful Dodger are a UK garage duo, originally based in the city Southampton, which became famous for its 2-step garage, 2-step hits and inaugurated Craig David's professional musical career with his appearance on their 1999 number-two hit "Re-Rewind (The Crowd Say Bo Selecta), Re-Rewind". They scored seven consecutive UK top-20 hit singles from 1999 to 2001. The band is named after Artful Dodger, a character in the Charles Dickens novel ''Oliver Twist'', because of the many bootlegs they made in the early days. They are referred to in the Streets' single "Let's Push Things Forward". Many Artful Dodger tracks can be found on the UK garage compilation album series ''Pure Garage'', mixed by DJ EZ. The band originally consisted of producers Mark Hill (musician), Mark Hill (born 22 December 1972 in Cwmbran, Wales) and Pete Devereux. What began as a handle for the release of underground bootleg recordings quickly blossomed into a musical project creating original material for mains ...
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