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Centre On Conflict, Development And Peacebuilding
The Centre on Conflict, Development and Peacebuilding is an interdisciplinary research centre at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies which is housed at the Maison de la paix in Geneva. The Centre is staffed by several prominent researchers such as: director Keith Krause, Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Mohamedou, Thomas J. Biersteker, Anna Leander, Jonathan Luke Austin, and Jean-Louis Arcand. Founding The Centre on Conflict, Development and Peacebuilding (CCDP) was founded in 2008 by Keith Krause, Thomas J. Biersteker, Ricardo Bocco and Gilles Carbonnier, following the merger of :fr:Institut universitaire de hautes études internationales, HEI and :fr:Institut universitaire d'études du développement, IUED into the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. Expertise The Centre specifically focuses on research in the following fields: * Peacebuilding, Armed violence reduction, reconciliation, and the transformation of conflict; * Community ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas J
Clarence Thomas (born June 23, 1948) is an American jurist who serves as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He was nominated by President George H. W. Bush to succeed Thurgood Marshall and has served since 1991. After Marshall, Thomas is the second African American to serve on the Court and its longest-serving member since Anthony Kennedy's retirement in 2018. Thomas was born in Pin Point, Georgia. After his father abandoned the family, he was raised by his grandfather in a poor Gullah community near Savannah. Growing up as a devout Catholic, Thomas originally intended to be a priest in the Catholic Church but was frustrated over the church's insufficient attempts to combat racism. He abandoned his aspiration of becoming a clergyman to attend the College of the Holy Cross and, later, Yale Law School, where he was influenced by a number of conservative authors, notably Thomas Sowell, who dramatically shifted his worldview from progressive to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jonathan Luke Austin
Jonathan Luke Austin is a sociologist and political scientist. Austin is currently a professor at the University of Copenhagen. He is also Director of the Centre for Advanced Security Theory at the same university. Previously he was Lead Researcher at the Geneva-based Violence Prevention (VIPRE) Initiative, hosted by the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, where he is also a Visiting Professor. Austin has previously been based at the University of Copenhagen, the University of Ottawa, and the Orient-Institut Beirut. Austin is widely known for his work in the fields of International Political Sociology (security studies), critical security studies, and International Relations. Theoretically, Austin has played a central role in reconsidering the status of critique in International Relations, mainly through his engagements with pragmatist sociologies, science and technology studies, and postcritique. He has also been a key advocate for extending the ‘mate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peace Organisations Based In Switzerland
Peace is a concept of societal friendship and harmony in the absence of hostility and violence. In a social sense, peace is commonly used to mean a lack of conflict (such as war) and freedom from fear of violence between individuals or groups. Throughout history, leaders have used peacemaking and diplomacy to establish a type of behavioral restraint that has resulted in the establishment of regional peace or economic growth through various forms of agreements or peace treaties. Such behavioral restraint has often resulted in the reduced conflict, greater economic interactivity, and consequently substantial prosperity. "Psychological peace" (such as peaceful thinking and emotions) is perhaps less well defined, yet often a necessary precursor to establishing "behavioural peace." Peaceful behaviour sometimes results from a "peaceful inner disposition." Some have expressed the belief that peace can be initiated with a certain quality of inner tranquility that does not depend upo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Research Institutes In Switzerland
Research is " creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge". It involves the collection, organization and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular attentiveness to controlling sources of bias and error. These activities are characterized by accounting and controlling for biases. A research project may be an expansion on past work in the field. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole. The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) are documentation, discovery, interpretation, and the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. Approaches to research depend on epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences. There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, econom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Violence
Violence is the use of physical force so as to injure, abuse, damage, or destroy. Other definitions are also used, such as the World Health Organization's definition of violence as "the intentional use of physical force or Power (social and political), power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation."Krug et al."World report on violence and health", World Health Organization, 2002. Internationally, violence resulted in deaths of an estimated 1.28 million people in 2013 up from 1.13 million in 1990. However, global population grew by roughly 1.9 billion during those years, showing a dramatic reduction in violence per capita. Of the deaths in 2013, roughly 842,000 were attributed to self-harm (suicide), 405,000 to interpersonal violence, and 31,000 to collective violence (war) and legal intervention. Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Economy
Political economy is the study of how Macroeconomics, economic systems (e.g. Marketplace, markets and Economy, national economies) and Politics, political systems (e.g. law, Institution, institutions, government) are linked. Widely studied phenomena within the discipline are systems such as Market economy, labour markets and Financial market, financial markets, as well as phenomena such as Economic growth, growth, Distribution of wealth, distribution, Economic inequality, inequality, and International trade, trade, and how these are shaped by institutions, laws, and government policy. Originating in the 16th century, it is the precursor to the modern discipline of economics. Political economy in its modern form is considered an interdisciplinary field, drawing on theory from both political science and Neoclassical economics, modern economics. Political economy originated within 16th century western Ethics, moral philosophy, with theoretical works exploring the administration ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Critical Security Studies
Critical security studies (CSS) is an academic discipline within security studies which draws on critical theory to revise and, at times, reject the narrow focus of mainstream approaches to security. Similarly to the case of critical international relations theory, critical security studies encompasses a wide range of theories including but not limited to: feminist, neo-Gramscian, Marxist, post-structuralist, postcolonial, and queer theory. Additionally, critical security studies, draws from a number of related disciplines such as sociology, anthropology, and criminology to find alternative routes to approach questions of security. Definition Defining critical security studies can be difficult due to the wide range of theories involved, meaning that any single definition is likely to exclude works and scholars who would list themselves, or be listed by most scholars as part of the subfield. Due to this, most definitions of critical security studies focus on listing shared compon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Community Policing
Community policing, or community-oriented policing (COP), is a strategy of policing that focuses on developing relationships with community members. It is a philosophy of full-service policing that is highly personal, where an officer patrols the same area for an extended time and develops a partnership with citizens to collaboratively identify and solve problems. The goal is for police to build relationships with the community, including through local agencies to reduce antisocial behaviour and low-level crime,Brown, L. and Wycoff, M.D., "Policing Houston: reducing fear and improving services", ''Crime and Delinquency'' (Jun. 1987): 71–89.Bobinsky, Robert, "Reflections on community-oriented policing", ''FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin'' (Mar. 1994): 15–19. but the broken windows theory proposes that this can reduce serious crimes as well. Community policing is related to problem-oriented policing and intelligence-led policing, and contrasted with reactive policing strategies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armed Violence Reduction
The concept of armed violence reduction (AVR) has gained significant in importance after the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, 2006 Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development. According to OECD, more than 740,000 people die each year as a result of the violence associated with armed conflicts and large- and small-scale criminality. Furthermore, armed violence impedes humanitarian and socio-economic development and, hence, it is an obstruction to achieving the Millennium Development Goals, Millennium Development Goals (MDG). Key numbers on armed violence from the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development * More than 740,000 people have died directly or indirectly from armed violence - both conflict and violent crime, criminal violence - every year in recent years. * More than 540,000 of these deaths are violent, with the vast majority occurring in non-conflict settings. * At least 200,000 people - and perhaps many thousands more - have died ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Louis Arcand
Jean-Louis Arcand (born 1964) is a Canadian economist. He is a professor of International Economics at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, where he also head of the PhD Development Economics programme. Arcand is also the head of the Department of Economics at the Graduate Institute. He is president of the Global Development Network, a founding fellow of the European Union Development Network and senior fellow at the Fondation pour les études et recherches en développement international. Diplomas Jean-Louis Arcand holds a PhD in economics from MIT. Contributions In 2012 Jean-Louis authored (with Enrico Berkes and Ugo Panizza) the IMF working paper Too Much Finance which establishes that: Career Jean-Louis Arcand is Director of the Centre for Finance and Development and a member of the Centre on Conflict, Development and Peacebuilding, and Professor of International Economics at the Graduate Institute of International and Developme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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