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Cauca Culture
Cauca culture (800–1200 CE) is a pre-Columbian culture from the Valle del Cauca in Colombia, named for the Cauca River. Middle Cauca culture dates from the 9 to 10th centuries CE.bruhns 276 Their territory was near the present day city of Popayán, in the Calima River Valley. Society Archaeologists surmise that Cauca culture was organized into several related chiefdoms that trades and fought with each other. They farmed and made ceramics and goldwork. Artwork Their art often featured avian imagery. Cauca culture art shared some similarities to Yotoco culture art. They are known for ceramic slab figurines, representing humans–both female and male–with dramatically angular features. Goldwork Cauca goldsmiths hammered and cast gold to create a range of figures and ornaments, including diadems and bracelets. They created caricuri noserings from gold. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
WLA Lacma Caldas Ceramic Male
WLA may refer to: * Airwaves Airlink (ICAO: WLA), a Zambian airline * Harley-Davidson WLA, a motorcycle produced during World War 2 * Washington Library Association * Weak-Link Approach, a molecular assembly methodology *West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, a region within the Westside of Los Angeles County, a much larger area often referred to by the same name *Western Lacrosse Association, a Senior A box lacrosse league in British Columbia, Canada * White Ladies Aston, a village and civil parish in Worcestershire, England * Winnebago Lutheran Academy, a Lutheran high school in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin * Wisconsin Library Association * Wyoming Library Association *Women's Land Army, the name for several groups of women recruited in wartime to work in agriculture *Workload Automation, an Information Technology tool used to automate IT and business processes. *World Literature Assignment 1 and 2 in IB Group 1 subjects The Group 1: Studies in language and literature (previously Fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yotoco Culture
Calima culture (200 BCE–400 CE) is a series of pre-Columbian cultures from the Valle del Cauca in Colombia."Calima Darién Archaeological Museum: 10,000 Years of History." ''Colombia''. (retrieved 1 Dec 2011) The four societies that successively occupied the valley and make up Calima culture are the Ilama, Yotoco, Sonso, and s. The Calima Darién Archaeological Museum and the |
List Of Pre-Columbian Cultures
This list of pre-Columbian cultures includes those civilizations and cultures of the Americas which flourished prior to the European colonization of the Americas. Cultural characteristics Many pre-Columbian civilizations established permanent or urban settlements, agriculture, and complex societal hierarchies. In North America, indigenous cultures in the Lower Mississippi Valley during the Middle Archaic period built complexes of multiple mounds, with several in Louisiana dated to 5600–5000 BP (3700 BC–3100 BC). Watson Brake is considered the oldest, multiple mound complex in the Americas, as it has been dated to 3500 BC. It and other Middle Archaic sites were built by pre-ceramic, hunter-gatherer societies. They preceded the better known Poverty Point culture and its elaborate complex by nearly 2,000 years. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous Peoples In Colombia
Indigenous peoples of Colombia, are the ethnic groups who have inhabited Colombia since before the European colonization, in the early 16th century. According to the last census, they comprise 4.4% of the country's population, belonging to 115 different tribes.https://www.dane.gov.co/files/investigaciones/boletines/grupos-etnicos/presentacion-grupos-etnicos-2019.pdf Approximately two thirds of the Indigenous peoples of Colombia live in La Guajira, Cauca, Nariño, Cordoba and Sucre Departments. Amazon Basin, a sparsely populated region, is home to over 70 different Indigenous ethnic groups. History Some theories claim the earliest human habitation of South America to be as early as 43,000 BC, but the current scholarly consensus among archaeologists is that human habitation in South America only dates back to around 15,000 BC at the earliest. Anthropologist Tom Dillehay dates the earliest hunter-gatherer cultures on the continent at almost 10,000 BC, during the late Pleistoc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calima Culture
Calima culture (200 BCE–400 CE) is a series of pre-Columbian cultures from the Valle del Cauca in Colombia."Calima Darién Archaeological Museum: 10,000 Years of History." ''Colombia''. (retrieved 1 Dec 2011) The four societies that successively occupied the valley and make up Calima culture are the Ilama, Yotoco, Sonso, and s. The Calima Darién Archaeological Museum and the Calima Gold Museum feature artifacts fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nose Piercing
Nose piercing is the piercing of the skin or cartilage which forms any part of the nose, normally for the purpose of wearing jewelry, called a nose-jewel. Among the different varieties of nose piercings, the nostril piercing is the most common. Nostril piercing Nostril piercing is a body piercing practice for the purpose of wearing jewelry, much like ear piercing, which is most primarily and prominently associated with Indian culture and fashion since classical times, and found commonly in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal and other SWANA countries (specifically Berber and Beja communities, as well as Iran), and Europe, particularly Poland. Nostril piercing is also part of traditional Australian Aboriginal culture and the culture of the Ilocano, a tribe in the Philippines. Since the introduction and diffusion of Indian fashion and culture in the 1960s, punks and subsequent youth cultures of the 1980s and 1990s adopted nostril piercing. Today, nostril piercing is p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diadem
A diadem is a type of crown, specifically an ornamental headband worn by monarchs and others as a badge of royalty. Overview The word derives from the Greek διάδημα ''diádēma'', "band" or "fillet", from διαδέω ''diadéō'', "I bind round", or "I fasten". The term originally referred to the embroidered white silk ribbon, ending in a knot and two fringed strips often draped over the shoulders, that surrounded the head of the king to denote his authority. Such ribbons were also used to crown victorious athletes in important sports games in antiquity. It was later applied to a metal crown, generally in a circular or "fillet" shape. For example, the crown worn by Queen Juliana of the Netherlands was a diadem, as was that of a baron later (in some countries surmounted by three globes). The ancient Celts were believed to have used a thin, semioval gold plate called a ''mind'' (Old Irish) as a diadem. Some of the earliest examples of these types of crowns can be found in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goldsmith
A goldsmith is a Metalworking, metalworker who specializes in working with gold and other precious metals. Nowadays they mainly specialize in jewelry-making but historically, goldsmiths have also made cutlery, silverware, platter (dishware), platters, goblets, decorative and serviceable utensils, and ceremonial or religious items. Goldsmiths must be skilled in forming metal through file (tool), filing, brazing, soldering, sawing, forging, Casting (metalworking), casting, and polishing. The trade has very often included jewelry-making skills, as well as the very similar skills of the silversmith. Traditionally, these skills had been passed along through apprenticeships; more recently jewelry arts schools, specializing in teaching goldsmithing and a multitude of skills falling under the jewelry arts umbrella, are available. Many universities and junior colleges also offer goldsmithing, silversmithing, and metal arts fabrication as a part of their fine arts curriculum. Gold Com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous Ceramics Of The Americas
Native American pottery is an art form with at least a 7500-year history in the Americas. Pottery is fired ceramics with clay as a component. Ceramics are used for utilitarian cooking vessels, serving and storage vessels, pipes, funerary urns, censers, musical instruments, ceremonial items, masks, toys, sculptures, and a myriad of other art forms. Due to their resilience, ceramics have been key to learning more about pre-Columbian indigenous cultures. Materials and techniques The clay body is a necessary component of pottery. Clay must be mined and purified in an often laborious process, and certain tribes have ceremonial protocols to gathering clay. Different tribes have different processes for processing clay, which can include drying in the sun, soaking in water for days, and repeatedly running through a screen or sieve. Acoma and other Pueblo pottery traditionally pound dry clay into a powder and then remove impurities by hand, then running the dry powder through a screen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pre-Columbian Culture
This list of pre-Columbian cultures includes those civilizations and cultures of the Americas which flourished prior to the European colonization of the Americas. Cultural characteristics Many pre-Columbian civilizations established permanent or urban settlements, agriculture, and complex societal hierarchies. In North America, indigenous cultures in the Lower Mississippi Valley during the Middle Archaic period built complexes of multiple mounds, with several in Louisiana dated to 5600–5000 BP (3700 BC–3100 BC). Watson Brake is considered the oldest, multiple mound complex in the Americas, as it has been dated to 3500 BC. It and other Middle Archaic sites were built by pre-ceramic, hunter-gatherer societies. They preceded the better known Poverty Point culture and its elaborate complex by nearly 2,000 years. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiefdoms
A chiefdom is a form of hierarchical political organization in non-industrial societies usually based on kinship, and in which formal leadership is monopolized by the legitimate senior members of select families or 'houses'. These elites form a political-ideological aristocracy relative to the general group. Concept In anthropological theory, one model of human social development rooted in ideas of cultural evolution describes a chiefdom as a form of social organization more complex than a tribe or a band society, and less complex than a state or a civilization. Within general theories of cultural evolution, chiefdoms are characterized by permanent and institutionalized forms of political leadership (the chief), centralized decision-making, economic interdependence, and social hierarchy. Chiefdoms are described as intermediate between tribes and states in the progressive scheme of sociopolitical development formulated by Elman Service: ''band - tribe - chiefdom - state''. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calima River
Atlantic Ocean Amazon River Basin * Amazon River ** Guainía River or Negro River *** Vaupés River or Uaupés River **** Papuri River **** Querary River *** Isana River or Içana River **** Cuiari River *** Aquio River ** Caquetá River or Japurá River *** Purui River *** Apaporís River **** Traíra River **** Tunia River **** Ajajú River *** Miritiparaná River *** Cahuinari River *** Yarí River *** Caguán River **** Guayas River *** Mecaya River *** Orteguaza River ** Putumayo River or Içá River *** Cotuhé River *** Igara Paraná River *** Cara Paraná River *** San Miguel River *** Guamués River Orinoco River Basin * Orinoco River ** ''Apure River'' (Venezuela) *** Sarare River ** Arauca River ** Capanaparo River ** Cinaruco River ** Meta River *** Vita River *** Casanare River **** Ariporo River **** Cravo Norte River *** Guachiría River *** Pauto River *** Cravo Sur River *** Cusiana River *** Manacacías River *** Metica River **** Guayu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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