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Cast Vote Record
A cast vote record (CVR) is an electronic record of a voter's selections in an election, created when ballots are scanned or votes are cast electronically. The term is used predominantly in the context of elections in the United States. CVRs serve as the digital representation of how voters voted and are used for tabulating election results, conducting audits, and verifying election outcomes. CVRs are anonymized, though some privacy concerns have been raised, especially in the context of small precincts. CVRs differ from ballot images, which are digital pictures of actual ballots obtained from an optical scanner. While ballot images show everything on a ballot including stray marks and write-ins, CVRs represent only the machine's interpretation of those marks as votes. Unlike aggregated election results that show vote totals by precinct, CVRs provide ballot-level data that enables detailed analysis of voting patterns and audit capabilities. CVRs contain data showing how each anon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections In The United States
Elections in the United States are held for Official, government officials at the Federal government of the United States, federal, State governments of the United States, state, and Local government in the United States, local levels. At the federal level, the nation's head of state, the President of the United States, president, United States presidential election, is elected indirectly by the people of each U.S. state, state, through an United States Electoral College, Electoral College. Today, these electors almost always vote with the popular vote of their state. All members of the federal legislature, the United States Congress, Congress, are directly elected by the people of each state. There are many elected offices at state level, each state having at least an elective Governor (United States), governor and State legislature (United States), legislature. There are also elected offices at the local level, in County (United States), counties, cities, towns, townships, bor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Split-ticket Voting
Split-ticket voting or ticket splitting is when a voter in an election votes for candidates from different political party, political parties when multiple political office, offices are being decided by a single election, as opposed to straight-ticket voting, where a voter chooses candidates from the same political party for every office up for election. Split-ticket voting can occur in certain mixed-member systems which allow for it, such as Mixed-member proportional representation, mixed-member proportional and parallel voting systems. Examples Australia In Australia, federal elections in recent times have usually involved a Australian House of Representatives, House of Representatives election and a Australian Senate, half-Senate election occurring on the same day. The states, with the exception of Queensland and Tasmania, also hold elections for both houses of parliament simultaneously. An example of split-ticket voting in Australia is a voter who gives their first preferen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electronic Voting
Electronic voting is voting that uses electronic means to either aid or handle casting and counting ballots including voting time. Depending on the particular implementation, e-voting may use standalone '' electronic voting machines'' (also called EVM) or computers connected to the Internet (online voting). It may encompass a range of Internet services, from basic transmission of tabulated results to full-function online voting through common connectable household devices. The degree of automation may be limited to marking a paper ballot, or may be a comprehensive system of vote input, vote recording, data encryption and transmission to servers, and consolidation and tabulation of election results. A worthy e-voting system must perform most of these tasks while complying with a set of standards established by regulatory bodies, and must also be capable to deal successfully with strong requirements associated with security, accuracy, speed, privacy, auditability, accessib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections In The United States
Elections in the United States are held for Official, government officials at the Federal government of the United States, federal, State governments of the United States, state, and Local government in the United States, local levels. At the federal level, the nation's head of state, the President of the United States, president, United States presidential election, is elected indirectly by the people of each U.S. state, state, through an United States Electoral College, Electoral College. Today, these electors almost always vote with the popular vote of their state. All members of the federal legislature, the United States Congress, Congress, are directly elected by the people of each state. There are many elected offices at state level, each state having at least an elective Governor (United States), governor and State legislature (United States), legislature. There are also elected offices at the local level, in County (United States), counties, cities, towns, townships, bor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections
An election is a formal group decision-making process whereby a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has operated since the 17th century. Elections may fill offices in the legislature, sometimes in the executive and judiciary, and for regional and local government. This process is also used in many other private and business organizations, from clubs to voluntary association and corporations. The global use of elections as a tool for selecting representatives in modern representative democracies is in contrast with the practice in the democratic archetype, ancient Athens, where the elections were considered an oligarchic institution and most political offices were filled using sortition, also known as allotment, by which officeholders were chosen by lot. Electoral reform describes the process of introducing fair electoral systems where they are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Risk-limiting Audit
A risk-limiting audit (RLA) is a post-election tabulation auditing procedure which can limit the risk that the reported outcome in an election contest is incorrect. It generally involves (1) storing voter-verified paper ballots securely until they can be checked, and (2) manually examining a Sampling (statistics), statistical sample of the paper ballots until enough evidence is gathered to meet the risk limit. Advantages of an RLA include: samples can be small and inexpensive if the margin of victory is large; there are options for the public to watch and verify each step; and errors found in any step lead to corrective actions, including larger samples, up to a 100% hand count if needed. Disadvantages include: the sample needs to be a large fraction of all ballots to minimize the chance of missing mistakes, if any contest is close; and it is hard to check computer totals publicly, except by releasing computer records to the public. If examining sampled ballots shows flaws in bal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unified Modeling Language
The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a general-purpose visual modeling language that is intended to provide a standard way to visualize the design of a system. UML provides a standard notation for many types of diagrams which can be roughly divided into three main groups: behavior diagrams, interaction diagrams, and structure diagrams. The creation of UML was originally motivated by the desire to standardize the disparate notational systems and approaches to software design. It was developed at Rational Software in 1994–1995, with further development led by them through 1996. In 1997, UML was adopted as a standard by the Object Management Group (OMG) and has been managed by this organization ever since. In 2005, UML was also published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) as the ISO/IEC 19501 standard. Since then the standard has been periodically revised to cover the latest revision of UML. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
JSON
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation, pronounced or ) is an open standard file format and electronic data interchange, data interchange format that uses Human-readable medium and data, human-readable text to store and transmit data objects consisting of name–value pairs and array data type, arrays (or other serialization, serializable values). It is a commonly used data format with diverse uses in electronic data interchange, including that of web applications with server (computing), servers. JSON is a Language-independent specification, language-independent data format. It was derived from JavaScript, but many modern programming languages include code to generate and parse JSON-format data. JSON filenames use the extension .json. Douglas Crockford originally specified the JSON format in the early 2000s. Transcript: He and Chip Morningstar sent the first JSON message in April 2001. Naming and pronunciation The 2017 international standard (ECMA-404 and ISO/IEC 21778:2017) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maricopa County, Arizona
Maricopa County () is a County (United States), county in the south-central part of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census the population was 4,420,568, or about 62% of the state's total, making it the List of the most populous counties in the United States, fourth-most populous county in the United States and the List of counties in Arizona, most populous county in Arizona, and making Arizona one of the nation's most centralized states. The county seat is Phoenix, Arizona, Phoenix, the state capital and List of United States cities by population, fifth-most populous city in the United States. Maricopa County is the central county of the Phoenix metropolitan area, Phoenix–Mesa–Chandler Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Office of Management and Budget renamed the metropolitan area in September 2018. Previously, it was the Phoenix–Mesa–Glendale metropolitan area, and in 2000, that was changed to Phoenix–Mesa–Scottsdale. Maricopa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Overvote
An overvote occurs when one votes for more than the maximum number of selections allowed in a contest. The result is a spoiled vote which is not included in the final tally. One example of an overvote would be voting for two candidates in a single race with the instruction "Vote for not more than one." ''Robert's Rules of Order'' notes that such votes are illegal. Undervotes combined with overvotes (known as residual votes) can be an academic indicator in evaluating the accuracy of a voting system when recording voter intent. While an overvote in a plurality voting system or limited voting is always illegal, in certain other electoral methods including approval voting Approval voting is a single-winner rated voting system where voters can approve of all the candidates as they like instead of Plurality voting, choosing one. The method is designed to eliminate vote-splitting while keeping election administration ..., this style of voting is valid, and thus invalid overvotes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Undervotes
Voter drop-off, roll-off, or undervoting occurs when a voter selects fewer options in a contest than the maximum number allowed or makes no selection at all for a particular election. Undervotes may be intentional or unintentional. Intentional undervotes arise from deliberate abstention. An individual may participate in the election but decline to support any candidate as a form of protest, or may simply choose not to vote for lower offices because they lack information or interest in downballot races. For example, a voter might select a presidential candidate but abstain from a concurrent county commissioner election. Unintentional undervotes may result from poor ballot design or voter misunderstanding. For instance, a voter mistakenly marking a preference ballot by selecting the same candidate for multiple positions could lead to an undervote. Undervotes, together with overvotes (where a voter selects more options than are allowed), are collectively referred to as ''residual v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spoilt Vote
In voting, a ballot is considered spoilt (chiefly British), spoiled (chiefly American), void, null, informal, invalid, rejected or stray if a law declares or an election authority determines that it is invalid and thus not included in the Vote counting system, vote count. This may occur accidentally or deliberately. The total number of spoilt votes in a United States election has been called the residual vote. In some jurisdictions, spoilt votes are counted and reported. Types of spoilt vote A ballot may be spoilt in a number of ways, including: * Failing to mark the ballot at all (blank vote), or otherwise defacing the ballot instead of attempting to vote. * Filling out the ballot in a manner that is incompatible with the voting system being used, e.g.: ** Marking more choices than permitted (overvote, overvoting), or fewer than necessary (undervote, undervoting). ** Filling a Ranked voting systems, preference ballot out of sequence, e.g. 1-2-2-3-4 or 1-2-4-5-6, 1-4-2-4-5. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
