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Carnot Label
The Carnot label (french: label Carnot) is an official French label awarded to public research laboratories carrying out scientific research in public–private partnerships. Laboratories that carry the label are also referred to as a Carnot Institute (french: institut Carnot) and form a part of the Carnot network (french: réseau Carnot). Created in 2006, it is awarded by the French Minister of Higher Education and Research, for a renewable five-year period. Laboratories holding the Carnot label receive public funding, paid by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche. It is calculated according to the volume and growth, over the duration of the partnership, of research contracts established with companies based on their needs. This funding is in addition to that paid by the companies themselves. The labeling procedure includes a preparatory phase called "Tremplin Carnot", designed for laboratories that do not fully meet the required criteria, but receive specific support. The nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot
''Sous-lieutenant'' Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (; 1 June 1796 – 24 August 1832) was a French mechanical engineer in the French Army, military scientist and physicist, and often described as the "father of thermodynamics". He published only one book, the ''Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire'' (Paris, 1824), in which he expressed the first successful theory of the maximum efficiency of heat engines and laid the foundations of the new discipline: thermodynamics. Carnot's work attracted little attention during his lifetime, but it was later used by Rudolf Clausius and Lord Kelvin to formalize the second law of thermodynamics and define the concept of entropy. Based on purely technical concerns, such as improving the performance of the steam engine, Sadi Carnot's intellect laid the groundwork for modern science technological designs, such as the automobile or jet engine. His father Lazare Carnot was an eminent mathematician, military engineer, and leader of the French Revo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Research Organisations In France
Research is "creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge". It involves the collection, organization and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular attentiveness to controlling sources of bias and error. These activities are characterized by accounting and controlling for biases. A research project may be an expansion on past work in the field. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole. The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) are documentation, discovery, interpretation, and the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. Approaches to research depend on epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences. There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, eco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2006 Establishments In France
6 (six) is the natural number following 5 and preceding 7. It is a composite number and the smallest perfect number. In mathematics Six is the smallest positive integer which is neither a square number nor a prime number; it is the second smallest composite number, behind 4; its proper divisors are , and . Since 6 equals the sum of its proper divisors, it is a perfect number; 6 is the smallest of the perfect numbers. It is also the smallest Granville number, or \mathcal-perfect number. As a perfect number: *6 is related to the Mersenne prime 3, since . (The next perfect number is 28.) *6 is the only even perfect number that is not the sum of successive odd cubes. *6 is the root of the 6-aliquot tree, and is itself the aliquot sum of only one other number; the square number, . Six is the only number that is both the sum and the product of three consecutive positive numbers. Unrelated to 6's being a perfect number, a Golomb ruler of length 6 is a "perfect ruler". Six is a con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science And Technology In France
Science and technology in France has a long history dating back to the Académie des Sciences, founded by Louis XIV in 1666, at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. France's achievements in science and technology have been significant throughout the past centuries as France's economic growth and industrialisation process was slow and steady along the 18th and 19th centuries. Research and development efforts form an integral part of the country's economy. Scientific research in the country is supported by industry, by the network of French universities and by higher education establishments outside the main framework, Grandes écoles. France was ranked 12th in the Global Innovation Index in 2022, up from 16th in 2019. Historical overview The tradition of scientific research in France can be traced back to the Scientific Revolution. France is home to some of the world's oldest universities (Montpellier, Paris) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CALYM
The CALYM Carnot Institute (Consortium for the Acceleration of Innovation and its Transfer in the Lymphoma Field) is an academic research consortium focusing in lymphoma treatments and diagnosis spanning from new target identification to large international Phase III clinical trials and beyond. CALYM brings together 20 entities with complementary expertise in preclinical, translational and clinical lymphoma research: the Lymphoma Study Association (LYSA), the Lymphoma Academic Research Organisation (LYSARC), and 18 public preclinical research teams in lymphoma based at universities and hospitals across France. The consortium aims at accelerating innovation and its transfer in the lymphoma field, particularly in the translational phase and in the areas of therapeutic, diagnosis and imaging. The CALYM Carnot institute is managed by Bertrand Nadel. The steering committee of CALYM consortium is led by Guillaume Cartron. The institute carries the Carnot label, a label of excellence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Curie Institute (Paris)
Centre of protontherapy Institut Curie is one of the leading medical, biological and biophysical research centres in the world. It is a private non-profit foundation operating a research center on biophysics, cell biology and oncology and a hospital specialized in treatment of cancer. It is located in Paris, France. Institut Curie is member of EU-LIFE, an alliance of leading life sciences research centres in Europe. Research The institute now operates several research units in cooperation with national research institutions CNRS and INSERM. There are several hundred research staff at the institute. ''Institut Curie'' does not offer undergraduate degrees, but awards PhDs and employs many postdoctoral students alongside its permanent staff. Institut Curie is a constituent college (associate member) of University PSL. Hospital ''Institut Curie'' runs the ''Hôpital Claudius Régaud'', a hospital specializing in cancer. The institute also operates the proton therapy center at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CEA-List
CEA-List (Laboratory for Integration of Systems and Technology; french: Laboratoire d'Intégration de Systèmes et des Technologies) is one of three institutes of the French CEA technological research division . The institute specializes in digital systems. It has the Carnot label. Overview Based in Saclay Paris region, France, CEA-List works in partnership with French and foreign industrial companies on applied research projects in four main topics: * Advanced manufacturing * Embedded systems * Data intelligence * Health ionizing radiations Sites CEA-List is situated at the following sites: * Centre d'intégration Nano-INNOV * DOSEO * * CEA Saclay The CEA Paris-Saclay (formerly CEA Saclay) center is one of nine centers belonging to the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA). The Saclay site hosts the administrative headquarters of the CEA. Historically, it was the hea ... * Research programs CEA-List is involved in various research programs, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Institute For Research In Computer Science And Automation
The National Institute for Research in Digital Science and Technology (Inria) () is a French national research institution focusing on computer science and applied mathematics. It was created under the name ''Institut de recherche en informatique et en automatique'' (IRIA) in 1967 at Rocquencourt near Paris, part of Plan Calcul. Its first site was the historical premises of SHAPE (central command of NATO military forces), which is still used as Inria's main headquarters. In 1980, IRIA became INRIA. Since 2011, it has been styled ''Inria''. Inria is a Public Scientific and Technical Research Establishment (EPST) under the double supervision of the French Ministry of National Education, Advanced Instruction and Research and the Ministry of Economy, Finance and Industry. Administrative status Inria has 9 research centers distributed across France (in Bordeaux, Grenoble- Inovallée, Lille, Lyon, Nancy, Paris-Rocquencourt, Rennes, Saclay, and Sophia Antipolis) and one center abro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nonprofit Organization
A nonprofit organization (NPO) or non-profit organisation, also known as a non-business entity, not-for-profit organization, or nonprofit institution, is a legal entity organized and operated for a collective, public or social benefit, in contrast with an entity that operates as a business aiming to generate a Profit (accounting), profit for its owners. A nonprofit is subject to the non-distribution constraint: any revenues that exceed expenses must be committed to the organization's purpose, not taken by private parties. An array of organizations are nonprofit, including some political organizations, schools, business associations, churches, social clubs, and consumer cooperatives. Nonprofit entities may seek approval from governments to be Tax exemption, tax-exempt, and some may also qualify to receive tax-deductible contributions, but an entity may incorporate as a nonprofit entity without securing tax-exempt status. Key aspects of nonprofits are accountability, trustworth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carnot Institute ARTS
The Carnot Institute ARTS (Actions for Research, Technology and Society; french: Actions de Recherche pour la Technologie et la Société) is a French research institute. It was originally created to group the 15 laboratories of the engineering school Arts et Métiers ParisTech. It received the Carnot label in 2006. Creation ARTS was among the first 20 institutes to be certified by the French Minister of higher education and research. Laboratories The laboratories are spread in the 8 centers of teaching and research of Arts et Métiers ParisTech. Some of them have satellite facilities in the 3 institutes of research of Arts et Métiers ParisTech and in the buildings of research partners like CNAM or école navale. Departments The laboratories are organized in 3 departments: * Design, Industrialization, Risk, Decision (CIRD) * Mechanics, Materials, Processes (M2P) * Fluids and Energy (FISE) Labs by locations The list of the laboratories grouped by main locations : *Îl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
