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Cardinals Created By Benedict XV
Pope Benedict XV () created 32 cardinals in five consistories over less than seven and a half years, with a three year gap during the worst fighting of the First World War. Nineteen of the 32 were Italian, twelve came from other European countries, and the lone non-European was Dennis Dougherty from the United States. They included Achille Ratti, his successor as Pope Pius XI and one name, that of the German Adolf Bertram, reserved ''in pectore'' for three years. 6 December 1915 With Europe at war, Pope Benedict created six cardinals at a consistory on 6 December 1915. Two were Italian archbishops; the others, three Italians and an Austrian, had served in the diplomatic corps of the Holy See. Four of the six received their cardinals' galeri and their titular church assignments on 9 December, while Frühwirth and Leguigno remained at the nunciatures in Munich and Vienna. The membership of the College of Cardinals after this consistory included 29 Italians and 32 non-Italians. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benedictus XV
Pope Benedict XV (Ecclesiastical Latin, Latin: ''Benedictus XV''; it, Benedetto XV), born Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa, name=, group= (; 21 November 185422 January 1922), was head of the Catholic Church from 1914 until his death in January 1922. His pontificate was largely overshadowed by World War I and its political, social, and humanitarian consequences in Europe. Between 1846 and 1903, the Catholic Church had experienced two of its longest pontificates in history up to that point. Together Pius IX and Leo XIII ruled for a total of 57 years. In 1914, the College of Cardinals chose della Chiesa at the relatively young age of 59 at the outbreak of World War I, which he labeled "Ad beatissimi Apostolorum, the suicide of civilized Europe". The war and its consequences were the main focus of Benedict XV. He immediately declared the neutrality of the Holy See and attempted from that perspective to mediate peace in 1916 and 1917. Both sides rejected his initiatives. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raffaele Scapinelli Di Leguigno
Raffaele Scapinelli di Leguigno (April 25, 1858 – September 16, 1933) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Prefect of the Congregation of the Affairs of Religious from 1918 to 1920, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1915. Biography Born in Modena, Raffaele Scapinelli di Leguigno studied at the seminary in Reggio-Emilia before being ordained to the priesthood in 1884. He then entered the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy in Rome in 1887, eventually obtaining his doctorate in canon and civil law. From 1887 to 1889, Scapinelli was Professor of Canon Law at the Reggio-Emilia seminary. Subsequently, entering the Roman Curia, he served as an official of the Vatican Secretariat of State until 1891. Scapinelli was secretary of the nunciature to Portugal from July 25, 1891 to 1894, whence he was named Auditor of the nunciature to the Netherlands on February 13, remaining in that position until 1905. He was appointed a canon of St. Peter's Basilic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Third Republic
The French Third Republic (french: Troisième République, sometimes written as ) was the system of government adopted in France from 4 September 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940, after the Fall of France during World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government. The early days of the Third Republic were dominated by political disruptions caused by the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, which the Republic continued to wage after the fall of Emperor Napoleon III in 1870. Harsh reparations exacted by the Prussians after the war resulted in the loss of the French regions of Alsace (keeping the Territoire de Belfort) and Lorraine (the northeastern part, i.e. present-day department of Moselle), social upheaval, and the establishment of the Paris Commune. The early governments of the Third Republic considered re-establishing the monarchy, but disagreement as to the nature of that monarchy and the rightful occ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auguste-René-Marie Dubourg
Auguste-René-Marie Dubourg (1 October 1842—22 September 1921) was a French Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Rennes from 1906 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1916. Biography Auguste Dubourg was born in Loguivy-Plougrasto two inn-keepers and studied at the seminary in Saint-Brieuc before being ordained to the priesthood on 22 December 1866. He then taught at the Minor Seminary of Saint-Brieuc, and served as secretary of the episcopal curia, vicar general, and vicar capitular of Saint-Brieuc. On 19 January 1893, Dubourg was appointed Bishop of Moulins by Pope Leo XIII. He received his episcopal consecration on the following 16 April from Bishop Pierre-Marie-Frédéric Fallières, with Bishops François-Marie Trégaro and Etienne-Marie Potron, OFM, serving as co-consecrators, in Saint-Brieuc Cathedral. Dubourg was later promoted to Archbishop of Rennes on 6 August 1906. Pope Benedict XV created him Cardinal Pries ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Donato Sbarretti
Donato Raffaele Sbarretti Tazza (NovemberSources differ as to whether he was born on 10 or 12 November. 1856 – 1 April 1939)(2 April 1939)Donato Sbaretti, Cardinal, 82, Dead ''The New York Times'' was an Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal whose career included pastoral service in Italy and Cuba, diplomatic service in America and the Pacific, and ultimately high office in the Roman Curia. Biography Born in Montefranco di Spoleto, Sbarretti was educated and first served in the archdiocese of Spoleto. His uncle, Enea Sbarretti, was named a Cardinal in 1877, two years before Donato was ordained a priest at the age of 22. However, Donato Sbarretti's career advancement cannot be ascribed to nepotism; his uncle's longtime patron Pope Pius IX had died before Donato even became a priest, and his uncle died in 1884, when Donato's career was barely underway. In 1893, after pastoral work, teaching, and minor curial staff positions, such as a ''minutante'' at Propaganda, Sbarrett ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vittorio Ranuzzi De' Bianchi
Vittorio Amedeo Ranuzzi de' Bianchi (14 July 1857 – 16 February 1927) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as papal majordomo from 1914 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1916. Biography Vittorio Ranuzzi de' Bianchi was born in Bologna to a family of nobility. He received the Sacrament of Confirmation in 1865, and studied at the Seminary of Bologna and the Theological College of Bologna, from where he received his doctorate in theology in July 1882. In April 1886, he earned his doctorate in canon and civil law. Ranuzzi was ordained to the priesthood on 14 May 1880, and then did pastoral work in the archdiocese of Bologna and taught at its seminary, where he also served as spiritual director from 1894 to 1899. He was later made an honorary canon (1885) and ''primicerius'' (1892) of the cathedral chapter, counselor of the nunciature to France on 13 September 1899, and a Domestic Prelate of His Holiness in 1899. On 22 June 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pietro La Fontaine
The Servant of God Pietro La Fontaine (29 November 1860 – 9 July 1935) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal who served as the Patriarch of Venice from 1915 until his death. He was also a member of the Roman Curia and held several other positions prior to his elevation to the cardinalate and patriarchate. La Fontaine remained a simple pastor at heart and was known for his gentleness and his welcoming nature as both a bishop and patriarch. He was supportive of some aspects of fascism but came to oppose it when he saw it was becoming a totalitarian regime. La Fontaine was viewed as "papabile" in the 1922 papal conclave that elected Pope Pius XI and was a serious contender for the papal see, having garnered a great deal of votes until Cardinal Ratti's selection on the fourteenth ballot. His cause of canonization commenced over three decades after his death and he has been titled as a Servant of God. Life Priesthood and positions Pietro La Fontaine was born in 1860 in Vit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pavel Huyn
Pavel hrabě Huyn (german: Paul Graf Huyn) (17 February 1868 in Brno – 1 October 1946 in Bolzano) was a Moravian-German Roman Catholic clergyman. He was bishop of Brno from 1904 to 1916 and archbishop of Prague The following is a list of bishops and archbishops of Prague. The bishopric of Prague was established in 973, and elevated to an archbishopric on 30 April 1344. The current Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Prague is the continual successor of the bis ... from 1916 to 1919. References External links * Roman Catholic archbishops of Prague 1868 births 1946 deaths Clergy from Brno Moravian-German people {{CzechRepublic-RC-archbishop-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allies Of World War I
The Allies of World War I, Entente Powers, or Allied Powers were a coalition of countries led by France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria, and their colonies during the First World War (1914–1918). By the end of the first decade of the 20th century, the major European powers were divided between the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance. The Triple Entente was made up of France, Britain, and Russia. The Triple Alliance was originally composed of Germany, Austria–Hungary, and Italy, but Italy remained neutral in 1914. As the war progressed, each coalition added new members. Japan joined the Entente in 1914 and after proclaiming its neutrality at the beginning of the war, Italy also joined the Entente in 1915. The term "Allies" became more widely used than "Entente", although France, Britain, Russia, and Italy were also referred to as the Quadruple Entente ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid digital media, digital subscribers. It also is a producer of popular podcasts such as ''The Daily (podcast), The Daily''. Founded in 1851 by Henry Jarvis Raymond and George Jones (publisher), George Jones, it was initially published by Raymond, Jones & Company. The ''Times'' has won List of Pulitzer Prizes awarded to The New York Times, 132 Pulitzer Prizes, the most of any newspaper, and has long been regarded as a national "newspaper of record". For print it is ranked List of newspapers by circulation, 18th in the world by circulation and List of newspapers in the United States, 3rd in the U.S. The paper is owned by the New York Times Company, which is Public company, publicly traded. It has been governed by the Sulzberger family since 189 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andreas Frühwirth
Andreas Frühwirth, (21 August 1845 – 9 February 1933) was an Austrian friar of the Dominican Order. He was promoted to the rank of cardinal of the Catholic Church and served as the Major Penitentiary of Apostolic Penitentiary. Life He was born Franz Frühwirth in the village of St. Anna am Aigen, located in the Province of Styria, Austria. His last name is also listed as Frühwirt. Education Frühwirth joined the Dominican Order on 13 September 1863 in Graz and received the religious name of Andreas. He was professed on 14 September 1864. He studied at the Dominican houses of studies where he studied philosophy and theology. Later he studied at the College of St Thomas in Rome, the future Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, ''Angelicum'' in Rome from 1869 to 1870. He completed the exam for Lectorate at the College in 1870.http://www.biographien.ac.at/oebl_1/375.pdf; http://www.biographien.ac.at/oebl_1/376.pdf 22 June 2014 Priesthood Frühwirth was or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War and was dissolved shortly after its defeat in the First World War. Austria-Hungary was ruled by the House of Habsburg and constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the Habsburg monarchy. It was a multinational state and one of Europe's major powers at the time. Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe after the Russian Empire, at and the third-most populous (after Russia and the German Empire). The Empire built up the fourth-largest machine building industry in the world, after the United States, Germany and the United Kingdom. Austria-Hungary also became the world's third-largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home appliances, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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