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Cardinal Electors In Papal Conclave, 1958
The cardinal electors in the 1958 papal conclave were 53, of whom 51 participated. This list is arranged by region and within each alphabetically. Two were impeded from attending by their Communist governments: József Mindszenty was confined to the U.S. Embassy in Budapest, and Aloysius Stepinac was under house arrest in Yugoslavia. A 54th cardinal, Edward Mooney of Detroit, traveled to Rome to attend the papal conclave, but died of a heart attack three hours before it began. Roman Curia #Benedetto Aloisi Masella, Camerlengo, Prefect of Discipline of the Sacraments #Nicola Canali, Major Penitentiary #Gaetano Cicognani, Prefect of Apostolic Signatura #Pietro Ciriaci, Prefect of Congregation of the Council #Pietro Fumasoni Biondi, Prefect of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith #Marcello Mimmi, Secretary of Consistorial Congregation #Alfredo Ottaviani, Pro-Secretary of the Holy Office #Giuseppe Pizzardo, Secretary of Holy Office, Prefect of Seminaries and Universi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communism
Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange which allocates products to everyone in the society.: "One widespread distinction was that socialism socialised production only while communism socialised production and consumption." Communist society also involves the absence of private property, social classes, money, and the state. Communists often seek a voluntary state of self-governance, but disagree on the means to this end. This reflects a distinction between a more libertarian approach of communization, revolutionary spontaneity, and workers' self-management, and a more vanguardist or communist party-driven approach through the development of a constitutional socialist st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pietro Ciriaci
Pietro Ciriaci (2 December 1885 – 30 December 1966) was an Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church who served as prefect of the Sacred Congregation of the Council in the Roman Curia from 1954 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1953 by Pope Pius XII. Biography Ciriaci was born in Rome to Giuseppe Ciriaci and his wife Maria Giuggiolini Magnaterra. Baptized in the church of San Crisogono, he received his first Communion on 27 June 1897. Ciriaci entered the Pontifical Roman Seminary on 31 October 1902, and then studied at the Pontifical Roman Athenaeum S. Apollinare, where he obtained doctorates in philosophy (5 July 1904), theology (6 July 1909), and canon law (8 November 1911). Ordained to the priesthood on 18 December 1909, he was named vice-pastor of a Roman parish on 18 July 1910. Ciriaci then taught ethical philosophy and later fundamental theology at his '' alma mater'' of the Pontifical Roman Athenaeum S. Apollinare until 1926. He entered the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dean Of The College Of Cardinals
The dean of the College of Cardinals ( la, Decanus Collegii Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalium) presides over the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church, serving as '' primus inter pares'' (first among equals). The position was established in the early 12th century. He always holds the rank of a cardinal bishop, and is assisted by a vice-dean. Both are elected by and from the cardinal bishops who are not Eastern Catholic patriarchs, with their election subject to papal confirmation. Except for presiding over the college, the dean and vice-dean have no power over the other cardinals. In the order of precedence in the Catholic Church, the dean and vice-dean, as the two most senior cardinals, are placed second and third, respectively, after the pope. It had been customary for centuries for the longest-serving of the six cardinal bishops of suburbicarian sees to be the dean. This was required by canon law from 1917 until 1965, when Pope Paul VI empowered the six to elec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apostolic Dataria
The Apostolic Datary (Latin: ''Dataria Apostolica'') was one of the five ''Ufficii di Curia'' ("Offices of the Curia") in the Roman Curia of the Roman Catholic Church. It was instituted no later than the 14th AD. Pope Paul VI abolished it in 1967. Origin According to the ''De officio et jurisdictione datarii necnon de stylo Datariae'' of Amydenus and other authorities, the ''Dataria Apostolica'' was of very ancient origin, but the previous transaction by other offices of the business that was gradually assigned to it contradicts these authorities. The Dataria was principally entrusted with concession of matrimonial dispensations of external jurisdiction and with collation, i. e., conferral, of benefices and rescripts that were reserved to the Apostolic See. To this double faculty was later added the third of granting many other indults and favors. Until the pontificate of Pope Pius IV, matrimonial dispensations were granted through the Apostolic Penitentiaria. Regarding the aut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federico Tedeschini
Federico Tedeschini (12 October 1873 – 2 November 1959) was an Italian cardinal of the Holy Roman Church who served as papal datary in the Roman Curia from 1938 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1933 '' in pectore'' (published 1935) by Pope Pius XI. Biography Born in Antrodoco, Tedeschini studied at the seminary in Rieti and, together with his fellow theologian Eugenio Pacelli, later to be Pope Pius XII, at the Pontifical Roman Seminary, before being ordained to the priesthood on 25 July 1896. He then served as a seminary professor and canon theologian of the cathedral chapter in Rieti until 1901. Father Tedeschini was raised to the rank of privy chamberlain of his holiness on 6 November 1903, and chancellor of the Secretariat of Briefs in the Roman Curia on 20 October 1908. He became substitute for general affairs, or deputy, of the Secretary of State on 24 September 1914. On 31 March 1921, he became Apostolic Nuncio to Spain and on 30 April ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congregation For Catholic Education
, type = Congregation , seal = Coat of arms Holy See.svg , seal_size = 100px , seal_caption = Coat of arms of the Holy See , logo = , picture =Via della Conciliazione din Roma1.jpg , picture_caption = Palazzo delle Congregazioni in Piazza Pio XII (in front of St. Peter's Square) is the workplace for most congregations of the Roman Curia , parent_department = , website =http://www.educatio.va/ , agency_type = Congregation , formed = , dissolved = , superseding1 = Dicastery for Culture and Education , preceding1 =Congregatio pro universitate studii romani , preceding2 =Congregatio studiorum , preceding3 =Congregatio de Seminariis et Studiorum Universitatibus , preceding4 =Sacra Congregatio pro institutione Catholica , preceding5 =Congregation for Catholic Education (for Seminaries and Institutes of Study) , jurisdiction = , headquarters = Palazzo delle Congregazioni, Piazza Pio XII, Rome, Italy , employees = , budget = , chief1_name = , chief1_positio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giuseppe Pizzardo
Giuseppe Pizzardo (13 July 1877 – 1 August 1970) was an Italian cardinal of the Catholic Church who served as prefect of the Congregation for Seminaries and Universities from 1939 to 1968, and secretary of the Holy Office from 1951 to 1959. Pizzardo was elevated to the cardinalate in 1937. Biography Born in Savona, Pizzardo studied at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Pontifical Roman Athenaeum Saint Apollinare, and the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy before being ordained a priest on 19 September 1903. From 1908 to 1909, he did pastoral work in Rome and served in the Vatican Secretariat of State. Pizzardo was raised to the rank of monsignor, and appointed secretary of the nunciature to Bavaria, on 7 June 1909. In the Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, he was appointed: undersecretary (1920), substitute (1921), and secretary (1929). He became an apostolic protonotary on 11 January 1927. Pope Pius XI appointed him Titular Archbishop of Cyr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holy Office
The Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith (DDF) is the oldest among the departments of the Roman Curia. Its seat is the Palace of the Holy Office in Rome. It was founded to defend the Catholic Church from heresy and is the body responsible for promulgating and defending Roman Catholic doctrine. Formerly known as the ''Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition''; (1908 — 1965) the ''Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office''; and then until June 2022 the ''Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith'' (''CDF''; la, Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei). It is still informally known as the Holy Office in many Catholic countries. ( la, Sanctum Officium) Founded by Pope Paul III in 1542, the sole objective of the dicastery is to "spread sound Catholic doctrine and defend those points of Christian tradition which seem in danger because of new and unacceptable doctrines." Its headquarters are at the Palace of the Holy Office, just outside Vatican Cit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfredo Ottaviani
Alfredo Ottaviani (29 October 1890 – 3 August 1979) was an Italian cardinal of the Catholic Church. Pope Pius XII named him cardinal in 1953. He served as secretary of the Holy Office in the Roman Curia from 1959 to 1966 when that dicastery was reorganised as the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, of which he was pro-prefect until 1968. Ottaviani was a prominent figure in the Catholic Church during his time, and was the leading conservative voice at the Second Vatican Council. Early life and education Ottaviani was born in Rome, where his father was a baker. He studied with the Brothers of the Christian Schools in Trastevere, then at the Pontifical Roman Seminary and the Pontifical Roman Athenaeum ''S. Apollinare'', from where he received his doctorates in philosophy, theology, and canon law. He was ordained to the priesthood on 18 March 1916. Holy Office/Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith On 12 January 1953, he was both appointed pro-secretary of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congregation For Bishops
The Dicastery for Bishops, formerly named Congregation for Bishops (), is the department of the Roman Curia that oversees the selection of most new bishops. Its proposals require papal approval to take effect, but are usually followed. The Dicastery also schedules the visits at five-year intervals ("''ad limina''") that bishops are required to make to Rome, when they meet with the pope and various departments of the Curia. It also manages the formation of new dioceses. It is one of the more influential Dicasteries, since it strongly influences the human resources policy of the church. The Dicastery for Bishops does not have jurisdiction over mission territories and areas managed by the Congregation for the Oriental Churches which has responsibility for Eastern Catholics everywhere and also for Latin Catholics in the Middle East and Greece. Where appointment of bishops and changes in diocesan boundaries require consultation with civil governments, the Secretariat of State has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcello Mimmi
Marcello Mimmi (18 July 1882 – 6 March 1961) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Naples from 1952 to 1957, and Secretary of the Sacred Consistorial Congregation from 1957 until his death. Mimmi was elevated to the cardinalate in 1953 by Pope Pius XII. Life and church Marcello Mimi was born in San Pietro in Casale and studied at the seminary in Bologna before being ordained to the priesthood on 23 December 1905. He then did pastoral work and taught at the Bologna seminary until 1930. He was elevated to a Privy Chamberlain of His Holiness on 19 November 1919, and later named rector of the Regional Seminary of Romagna. On 30 June 1930, Mimmi was appointed Bishop of Crema by Pope Pius XI. He received his episcopal consecration on the following 25 July from Cardinal Giovanni Nasalli Rocca di Corneliano, with Bishops Ettore Lodi and Giovanni Franzini serving as co-consecrators. Mimmi was later named Archbishop of Bari on 31 July 1933 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
