Canalization (other)
Canalization or canalisation is work to improve the flow of a river. Canalization or canalisation may also refer to: * Canalisation (genetics), a measure of the ability of a population to produce the same phenotype regardless of variability of its environment or genotype * Canalization, a term in psychology established by Gardner Murphy Gardner Murphy (July 8, 1895 – March 18, 1979) was an American psychologist who specialized in social and personality psychology and parapsychology.Martin Seymour-Smith, Andrew C. Kimmens. (1996). ''World Authors, 1900-1950, Volume 3''. H.W. W ... See also * Channelization (other) * Canalizations of Zenobia {{Disambiguation ...
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Canalization
River engineering is a discipline of civil engineering which studies human intervention in the course, characteristics, or flow of a river with the intention of producing some defined benefit. People have intervened in the natural course and behaviour of rivers since before recorded history—to manage the water resources, to protect against flooding, or to make passage along or across rivers easier. Since the Yuan Dynasty and Ancient Roman times, rivers have been used as a source of hydropower. From the late 20th century onward, the practice of river engineering has responded to environmental concerns broader than immediate human benefit. Some river engineering projects have focused exclusively on the restoration or protection of natural characteristics and habitats. Hydromodification Hydromodification encompasses the systematic response to alterations to riverine and non-riverine water bodies such as coastal waters (estuaries and bays) and lakes. The U.S. Environmental Pr ...
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Canalisation (genetics)
Canalisation is a measure of the ability of a population to produce the same phenotype regardless of variability of its environment or genotype. It is a form of robustness (evolution), evolutionary robustness. The term was coined in 1942 by C. H. Waddington to capture the fact that "developmental reactions, as they occur in organisms submitted to natural selection...are adjusted so as to bring about one definite end-result regardless of minor variations in conditions during the course of the reaction". He used this word rather than robustness to consider that biological systems are not robust in quite the same way as, for example, engineered systems. Biological robustness or canalisation comes about when developmental biology, developmental pathways are evolutionary developmental biology, shaped by evolution. Waddington introduced the concept of the epigenetic landscape, in which the state of an organism rolls "downhill" during development. In this metaphor, a canalised trait is ...
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Gardner Murphy
Gardner Murphy (July 8, 1895 – March 18, 1979) was an American psychologist who specialized in social and personality psychology and parapsychology.Martin Seymour-Smith, Andrew C. Kimmens. (1996). ''World Authors, 1900-1950, Volume 3''. H.W. Wilson. p. 1876. His career highlights include serving as president of the American Psychological Association and the British Society for Psychical Research. Biography Family life and education Murphy was born on July 8, 1895, in Chillicothe, Ohio, US. He was the son of Edgar Gardner Murphy, an Episcopal minister and activist. Upon graduating with a BA from Yale University in 1916, Murphy attended Harvard University, working with L. T. Troland in a telepathy experiment, and achieving his MA in 1917. Murphy succeeded Troland as holder of the Hodgson Fellowship in Psychical Research at Harvard University. After the first world war, in 1919, Murphy continued his studies at Columbia University, working towards his PhD, which he was awarde ...
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Channelization (other)
Channelization may refer to: *Channelization (roads), the separation of divergent traffic flows within a roadway *Channelization (rivers), the alteration of a waterway to improve its characteristics for shipping *Channelization (telecommunications), the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals on the same line See also *Canalization (other) Canalization or canalisation is work to improve the flow of a river. Canalization or canalisation may also refer to: * Canalisation (genetics), a measure of the ability of a population to produce the same phenotype regardless of variability of i ...