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Calvitimela Talayana
''Calvitimela'' is a lichen genus in the family Tephromelataceae ( Lecanorales, Lecanoromycetes). Members of the family Tephromelataceae are crustose lichens with green photobionts and lecideine or lecanorine apothecia. The species in ''Calvitimela'' have lecideine apothecia, are saxicolous and are primarily found in alpine to arctic regions. Species ''Calvitimela'' currently includes ten species: *''Calvitimela aglaea'' (Sommerf.) Hafellner *''Calvitimela armeniaca'' (DC.) Hafellner (type species) *''Calvitimela austrochilensis'' Fryday *'' Calvitimela cuprea'' Haugan & Timdal *'' Calvitimela livida'' Haugan & Timdal *''Calvitimela melaleuca'' (Sommerf.) R. Sant *''Calvitimela perlata'' (Haugan & Timdal) R. Sant *''Calvitimela septentrionalis'' (Hertel & Rambold) McCune *'' Calvitimela talayana'' (Haugan & Timdal) M.P. Andreev *'' Calvitimela uniseptata'' G. Thor Taxonomy The taxonomic history of ''Calvitimela'' is long and relatively complex. In the early days, the spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hafellner
Josef Hafellner (1951– ) is an Austrian mycologist and lichenologist. He was awarded the Acharius Medal in 2016 for his lifetime contributions to lichenology. Before his retirement, he was a professor at the Karl-Franzens-Universität in Graz. Hafellner started developing an interest in lichens while he was a student at this institution, studying under Josef Poelt. He earned a master's degree in 1975 and a PhD in 1978, defending a doctoral thesis about the genus '' Karschia''. In 2003, Hafellner received his habilitation. By this time, he had studied with French lichenologist André Bellemère (1927–2014) at Saint-Cloud, where he learned techniques of transmission electron microscopy and how their application in studying asci could be used in lichen systematics. His 1984 work ''Studien in Richtung einer natürlicheren Gliederung der Sammelfamilien Lecanoraceae und Lecideaceae'' has been described as "probably the single most influential publication in lichen systematics in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calvitimela Septentrionalis
''Calvitimela'' is a lichen genus in the family Tephromelataceae ( Lecanorales, Lecanoromycetes). Members of the family Tephromelataceae are crustose lichens with green photobionts and lecideine or lecanorine apothecia. The species in ''Calvitimela'' have lecideine apothecia, are saxicolous and are primarily found in alpine to arctic regions. Species ''Calvitimela'' currently includes ten species: *'' Calvitimela aglaea'' (Sommerf.) Hafellner *'' Calvitimela armeniaca'' (DC.) Hafellner (type species) *''Calvitimela austrochilensis'' Fryday *'' Calvitimela cuprea'' Haugan & Timdal *'' Calvitimela livida'' Haugan & Timdal *'' Calvitimela melaleuca'' (Sommerf.) R. Sant *'' Calvitimela perlata'' (Haugan & Timdal) R. Sant *'' Calvitimela septentrionalis'' (Hertel & Rambold) McCune *'' Calvitimela talayana'' (Haugan & Timdal) M.P. Andreev *'' Calvitimela uniseptata'' G. Thor Taxonomy The taxonomic history of ''Calvitimela'' is long and relatively complex. In the early days, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secondary Metabolites
Secondary metabolites, also called specialised metabolites, toxins, secondary products, or natural products, are organic compounds produced by any lifeform, e.g. bacteria, fungi, animals, or plants, which are not directly involved in the normal growth, development, or reproduction of the organism. Instead, they generally mediate ecological interactions, which may produce a selective advantage for the organism by increasing its survivability or fecundity. Specific secondary metabolites are often restricted to a narrow set of species within a phylogenetic group. Secondary metabolites often play an important role in plant defense against herbivory and other interspecies defenses. Humans use secondary metabolites as medicines, flavourings, pigments, and recreational drugs. The term secondary metabolite was first coined by Albrecht Kossel, a 1910 Nobel Prize laureate for medicine and physiology in 1910. 30 years later a Polish botanist Friedrich Czapek described secondary met ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apothecia
An ascocarp, or ascoma (), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are most commonly bowl-shaped (apothecia) but may take on a spherical or flask-like form that has a pore opening to release spores (perithecia) or no opening (cleistothecia). Classification The ascocarp is classified according to its placement (in ways not fundamental to the basic taxonomy). It is called ''epigeous'' if it grows above ground, as with the morels, while underground ascocarps, such as truffles, are termed ''hypogeous''. The structure enclosing the hymenium is divided into the types described below (apothecium, cleistothecium, etc.) and this character ''is'' important for the taxonomic classification of the fungus. Apothecia can be relatively large and fleshy, whereas the others are microscopic—about the size of flecks of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thallus
Thallus (plural: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. Many of these organisms were previously known as the thallophytes, a polyphyletic group of distantly related organisms. An organism or structure resembling a thallus is called thalloid, thallodal, thalliform, thalline, or thallose. A thallus usually names the entire body of a multicellular non-moving organism in which there is no organization of the tissues into organs. Even though thalli do not have organized and distinct parts (leaves, roots, and stems) as do the vascular plants, they may have analogous structures that resemble their vascular "equivalents". The analogous structures have similar function or macroscopic structure, but different microscopic structure; for example, no thallus has vascular tissue. In exceptional cases such as the Lemnoideae, where ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Violella
''Violella'' is a genus of two species of crustose lichens in the family Tephromelataceae. The genus is characterized by its brownish inner ascospore walls, brilliant violet hymenial pigment (called Fucatus-violet), and thallus chemistry. The type species, '' Violella fucata'', was originally placed in genus ''Mycoblastus'', but molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that this species as well as the Asian species '' V. wangii'' formed a phylogenetically distinct clade and warranted placement in a new genus. The generic name ''Violella'', a diminutive form of the Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ... ''viola'', refers to the characteristic hymenium colour. References Lecanorales genera Lecanorales Lichen genera Taxa described in 2011 Taxa named by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycoblastus
''Mycoblastus'' is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Tephromelataceae. Members of the genus are commonly called blood lichens. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 1852 by Johannes Musaeus Norman, who selected the widespread '' Mycoblastus sanguinarius'' as the type species. This species was one of many introduced by Carl Linnaeus in his influential 1753 work ''Species Plantarum'', as ''Lichen sanguinarius''. In North America this species is colloquially known as the "bloody-heart lichen". In 1984 Josef Hafellner created the family Mycoblastaceae to contain this genus, but this family has since been placed in synonymy with the Tephromelataceae. Description ''Mycoblastus'' species produce a grayish-white or greenish-gray crustose thallus that contains a green algal photobiont from the genus ''Trebouxia''. The apothecia are typically large, hemmispherical, shiny black or dark pigmented, and lack a margin. There are highly branched and anastomosing paraphyses that form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monotypic
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispecific" or "monospecific" is sometimes preferred. In botanical nomenclature, a monotypic genus is a genus in the special case where a genus and a single species are simultaneously described. In contrast, an oligotypic taxon contains more than one but only a very few subordinate taxa. Examples Just as the term ''monotypic'' is used to describe a taxon including only one subdivision, the contained taxon can also be referred to as monotypic within the higher-level taxon, e.g. a genus monotypic within a family. Some examples of monotypic groups are: Plants * In the order Amborellales, there is only one family, Amborellaceae and there is only one genus, '' Amborella'', and in this genus there is only one species, namely ''Amborella trichopoda. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tephromela
''Tephromela'' is a genus of lichens in the family Tephromelataceae. There are about 25 species in this widespread genus. Species *'' Tephromela alectoronica'' *'' Tephromela antarctica'' *'' Tephromela arafurensis'' *''Tephromela atra ''Tephromela atra'' is a species of lichen in the family Tephromelataceae. It has a worldwide distribution. Synonyms ''Tephromela atra'' has many synonym since many previously described species have been reclassified as ''T. atra.'' These includ ...'' *'' Tephromela atrocaesia'' *'' Tephromela atroviolacea'' *'' Tephromela austrolitoralis'' *'' Tephromela baudiniana'' – Australia *'' Tephromela bourgeanica'' *'' Tephromela buelliana'' *'' Tephromela bullata'' *'' Tephromela bunyana'' *'' Tephromela connivens'' *'' Tephromela disciformis'' *'' Tephromela disjuncta'' *'' Tephromela erosa'' *'' Tephromela eviolacea'' *'' Tephromela follmannii'' *'' Tephromela gigantea'' *'' Tephromela globularis'' *'' Tephromela granularis'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lecanora
''Lecanora'' is a genus of lichen commonly called rim lichens.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, Lichens in the genus ''Squamarina'' are also called rim lichens. Members of the genus have roughly circular fruiting discs (apothecia) with rims that have photosynthetic tissue similar to that of the nonfruiting part of the lichen body (thallus). Other lichens with apothecia having margins made of thallus-like tissue are called lecanorine. ''Lecanora'' has a crustose thallus, trebouxoid photobiont, colourless ascospores and crystals in the amphitecium. It is in the family Lecanoraceae in the suborder Lecanorineae. Species : *'' Lecanora campestris'' (Schaer.) Hue 1888 *''Lecanora conizaeoides'' Nyl. ex Cromb. 1885 *'' Lecanora gangaleoides'', Nyl. 1872 *'' Lecanora grantii'', H. Magn. 1932 *''Lecanora helicopis'', (Wahlenb. ex Ach.) Ach. 1814 *'' Lecanora mellea'', W.A.Weber (1975) *''Lecanora muralis'', (Schreb.) Rabenh. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
