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C2-like Domain
Discoidin domain (also known as F5/8 type C domain, or C2-like domain) is major protein domain of many blood coagulation factors. Blood coagulation factors Factor V, V and Factor VIII, VIII contain a C-terminal, twice repeated, domain of about 150 amino acids, which is often called "C2-like domain" (that is unrelated to the C2 domain). In the ''Dictyostelium discoideum'' (Slime mold) cell adhesion protein discoidin, a related domain, named discoidin I-like domain, DLD, or DS, has been found which shares a common C-terminal region of about 110 amino acids with the FA58C domain, but whose N-terminal 40 amino acids are much less conserved. Similar domains have been detected in other extracellular and membrane proteins. In coagulation factors V and VIII the repeated domains compose part of a larger functional domain which promotes binding to anionic phospholipids on the surface of platelets and endothelial cells. The C-terminal domain of the second FA58C repeat (C2) of coagulation fac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein Domain
In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of several domains, and a domain may appear in a variety of different proteins. Molecular evolution uses domains as building blocks and these may be recombined in different arrangements to create proteins with different functions. In general, domains vary in length from between about 50 amino acids up to 250 amino acids in length. The shortest domains, such as zinc fingers, are stabilized by metal ions or disulfide bridges. Domains often form functional units, such as the calcium-binding EF hand domain of calmodulin. Because they are independently stable, domains can be "swapped" by genetic engineering between one protein and another to make chimeric proteins. Background The concept of the domain was first proposed in 1973 by Wetlaufer af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UNC13A
Unc-13 homolog A (''C. elegans'') is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UNC13A gene. Function This gene encodes a member of the UNC13 family. UNC13A plays a role in vesicle maturation during exocytosis as a target of the diacylglycerol second messenger pathway. It is involved in neurotransmitter release by acting in synaptic vesicle priming prior to vesicle fusion and participates in the activity-dependent refilling of readily releasable vesicle pool. In ''Drosophila melanogaster'', the protein has been shown to define the vesicle release site by regulating the coupling distance between synaptic vesicles and calcium channels in cooperation with another isoform, UNC13B. It is particularly important in most glutamatergic-mediated synapses as well as GABA-mediated synapses. It plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes and in secretory granule priming in insulin secretion. Protein structure Several conserved domains have been found in UNC13A. These conser ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SSPO
SCO-spondin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SSPO'' gene. SCO-spondin is secreted by the subcommissural organ, and contributes to commissural axon growth and the formation of Reissner's fiber Reissner's fiber ''(named after Ernst Reissner)'' is a fibrous aggregation of secreted molecules extending from the subcommissural organ (SCO) through the ventricular system and central canal to the terminal ventricle, a small ventricle-like str ..., a fibrous aggregation of secreted molecules extending from the subcommissural organ to the end of the spinal cord. References Further reading * * * * * * * {{protein-stub Extracellular matrix proteins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Retinoschisin
Retinoschisin also known as X-linked juvenile retinoschisis protein is a lectin that in humans is encoded by the ''RS1'' gene. It is a soluble, cell-surface protein that plays an important role in the maintenance of the retina where it is expressed and secreted by retinal bipolar cells and photoreceptors, as well as in the pineal gland. Retinoschisin (RS1) is encoded by the gene ''RS1'' located on the X chromosome at ''p22.1''. Young males who have an ''RS1'' mutation are susceptible to retinoschisis, and X-linked eye disease which causes macular degeneration and can lead to a loss of vision. Function Retinoschisin is an extracellular protein that plays a crucial role in the cellular organization of the retina: it binds the plasma membranes of various retinal cells tightly to maintain the structure of the retina. In addition to enabling cell-to-cell adhesion, it has been shown that retinoschisin interacts with the sodium/potassium-ATPase (Na/K-ATPase) which resides in the pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NRP2
Neuropilin 2 (NRP2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NRP2'' gene. This gene encodes a member of the neuropilin Neuropilin is a protein receptor active in neurons. There are two forms of Neuropilins, NRP-1 and NRP-2. Neuropilins are transmembrane glycoproteins, first documented to regulate neurogenesis and angiogenesis by complexing with Plexin recepto ... family of receptor proteins. NRP2 is expressed by a wide variety of cell types. The transmembrane protein has been reported to bind to SEMA3C, SEMA3F, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, TGFβ, integrins and ANGPTL4 to promote downstream signaling pathways. Consequently, NRP2 is known to play a role in cardiovascular development, axon guidance, tumorigenesis, inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-2-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NRP1
Neuropilin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NRP1'' gene. In humans, the neuropilin 1 gene is located at 10p11.22. This is one of two human neuropilins. Function NRP1 is a membrane-bound coreceptor to a tyrosine kinase receptor for both vascular endothelial growth factor (for example, VEGFA) and semaphorin (for example, SEMA3A) family members. NRP1 plays versatile roles in angiogenesis, axon guidance, cell survival, migration, and invasion. upplied by OMIMref name="entrez"/> Interactions Neuropilin 1 has been shown to interact with Vascular endothelial growth factor A. Role in COVID-19 Research has shown that neuropilin 1 facilitates entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells, making it a possible target for future antiviral drugs. Implication in cancer Neuropilin 1 has been implicated in the vascularization and progression of cancers. NRP1 expression has been shown to be elevated in a number of human patient tumor samples, including brain, prostate, br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MFGE8
Milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 protein (Mfge8), also known as lactadherin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MFGE8'' gene. Species distribution Mfge8 is a secreted protein found in vertebrates, including mammals as well as birds. Function MFGE8 may function as a cell adhesion protein to connect smooth muscle to elastic fibers in arteries. An amyloid fragment of MFGE8 known as medin accumulates in the aorta with aging. MFGE8 in the vasculature of adults can induce recovery from ischemia by facilitating angiogenesis. It has been suggested that antagonizing MFGE8-induced angiogenesis could be a way of fighting cancer. MFGE8 contains a phosphatidylserine (PS) binding domain, as well as an Arginine-Glycine- Aspartic acid motif, which enables the binding to integrins. MFGE8 binds PS, which is exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells. Opsonization Opsonins are extracellular proteins that, when bound to substances or cells, induce phagocytes to phagocytose the subs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EDIL3
EGF like repeats and discoidin domains 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EDIL3 gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b .... Function The protein encoded by this gene is an integrin ligand. It plays an important role in mediating angiogenesis and may be important in vessel wall remodeling and development. It also influences endothelial cell behavior. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * {{NLM content ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DDR2 (gene)
Discoidin domain-containing receptor 2, also known as CD167b (cluster of differentiation 167b), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DDR2 gene. Discoidin domain-containing receptor 2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). Function RTKs play a key role in the communication of cells with their microenvironment. These molecules are involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism. In several cases the biochemical mechanism by which RTKs transduce signals across the membrane has been shown to be ligand induced receptor oligomerization and subsequent intracellular phosphorylation. In the case of DDR2, the ligand is collagen which binds to its extracellular discoidin domain. This autophosphorylation leads to phosphorylation of cytosolic targets as well as association with other molecules, which are involved in pleiotropic effects of signal transduction. DDR2 has been associated with a number of diseases including fibrosis and cancer. Structure R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DDR1
Discoidin domain receptor family, member 1, also known as DDR1 or CD167a (cluster of differentiation 167a), is a human gene. Function Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play a key role in the communication of cells with their microenvironment. These molecules are involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation and metabolism. The protein encoded by this gene is a RTK that is widely expressed in normal and transformed epithelial cells and is activated by various types of collagen. This protein belongs to a subfamily of tyrosine kinase receptors with a homology region to the ''Dictyostelium discoideum'' protein discoidin I in their extracellular domain. Its autophosphorylation is achieved by all collagens so far tested (type I to type VI). A closely related family member is the DDR2 protein. In situ studies and Northern-blot analysis showed that expression of this encoded protein is restricted to epithelial cells, particularly in the kidney, lung, gastrointestinal tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DCBLD2
Discoidin, CUB and LCCL domain-containing protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''DCBLD2'' gene. Model organisms Model organisms have been used in the study of DCBLD2 function. A conditional knockout mouse line called ''Dcbld2tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi'' was generated at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen In genetics, the phenotype () is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism. The term covers the organism's morphology or physical form and structure, its developmental processes, its biochemical and physiological proper ... to determine the effects of deletion. Additional screens performed: - In-depth immunological phenotyping References Further reading * * * * * {{gene-3-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
