Bilingual Communes In Poland
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Bilingual Communes In Poland
The bilingual status of gminas (municipalities) in Poland is regulated by the ''Act of 6 January 2005 on National and Ethnic Minorities and on the Regional Languages'', which permits certain gminas with significant linguistic minorities to introduce a second, auxiliary language to be used in official contexts alongside Polish. So far 44 gminas have done this: Polish/German Polish/German bilingual gminas (''Gemeinden'') in *Opole Voivodeship (28 municipalities) ** Gmina Biała / Gemeinde Zülz (since 06.03.2006) **Gmina Bierawa / Gemeinde Birawa (since 23.04.2007) **Gmina Chrząstowice / Gemeinde Chronstau (since 25.01.2006) **Gmina Cisek / Gemeinde Czissek ** Gmina Dobrodzień / Gemeinde Guttentag (since 13.05.2009) **Gmina Dobrzeń Wielki / Gemeinde Groß Döbern (since 22.04.2009) **Gmina Głogówek / Gemeinde Oberglogau (since 22.04.2009) **Gmina Gogolin / Gemeinde Gogolin **Gmina Izbicko / Gemeinde Stubendorf (since 06.03.2006) ** Gmina Jemielnica / Gemeinde Himmelwitz (sinc ...
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Gmina
The gmina (Polish: , plural ''gminy'' , from German ''Gemeinde'' meaning ''commune'') is the principal unit of the administrative division of Poland, similar to a municipality. , there were 2,477 gminas throughout the country, encompassing over 43,000 villages. 940 gminas include cities and towns, with 302 among them constituting an independent urban gmina ( pl, gmina miejska) consisting solely of a standalone town or one of the 107 cities, the latter governed by a city mayor (''prezydent miasta''). The gmina has been the basic unit of territorial division in Poland since 1974, when it replaced the smaller gromada (cluster). Three or more gminas make up a higher level unit called powiat, except for those holding the status of a city with powiat rights. Each and every powiat has the seat in a city or town, in the latter case either an urban gmina or a part of an urban-rural one. Types There are three types of gmina: #302 urban gmina ( pl, gmina miejska) constituted either by a sta ...
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Gmina Komprachcice
__NOTOC__ Gmina Komprachcice, German: Gemeinde Comprachtschütz is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Komprachcice (Comprachtschütz), which lies approximately south-west of the regional capital Opole. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2019 its total population is 9,108. Since 2009 the commune, like much of the area, has been bilingual in German and Polish, and a substantial German minority in Poland, German minority remained after Oder-Neisse-line, the War. Administrative divisions The commune contains the villages and settlements of: *Komprachcice *Chmielowice, Opole Voivodeship, Chmielowice *Domecko *Dziekaństwo *Ochodze *Osiny, Opole Voivodeship, Osiny *Polska Nowa Wieś *Pucnik *Wawelno *Żerkowice, Opole Voivodeship, Żerkowice Neighbouring gminas Gmina Komprachcice is bordered by the city of Opole and by the gminas of Gmina Dąbrowa, Opole Voivodeship, Dąbrowa, Gmina Pr ...
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Gmina Turawa
__NOTOC__ Gmina Turawa, German Gemeinde Turawa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Turawa, which lies approximately north-east of the regional capital Opole. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2019 its total population is 9,990. Villages The commune contains the villages and settlements of: *Turawa *Bierdzany * Borek * Kadłub Turawski * Kotórz Mały * Kotórz Wielki * Ligota Turawska * Marszałki * Osowiec Śląski *Rzędzów * Trzęsina * Węgry * Zakrzów Turawski * Zawada Demographics As of 31 December 2010, the commune had 9,595 inhabitants. At the time of the census of 2002, the commune had 9,609 inhabitants. Of these, 5,673 (59%) declared the Polish nationality; 2,028 persons (21.1%) declared the German nationality; and 671 (7%) with the non-recognized Silesian nationality. 1,223 inhabitants (12.7%) declared no nationality. Neighbouring gminas Gmina Turawa is bordered by ...
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Gmina Tarnów Opolski
__NOTOC__ Gmina Tarnów Opolski, German Gemeinde Tarnau is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Tarnów Opolski (Tarnau), which lies approximately south-east of the regional capital Opole. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2019 its total population is 9,580. Since 2007 the commune, like much of the area, has been officially bilingual in German and Polish, a large German population having remained in the area after it was transferred to Polish control. Administrative divisions The commune contains the villages and settlements of Tarnów Opolski, Kąty Opolskie, Kosorowice, Miedziana, Nakło, Przywory, Raszowa and Walidrogi. Neighbouring gminas Gmina Tarnów Opolski is bordered by the city of Opole and by the gminas of Chrząstowice, Gogolin, Izbicko and Prószków. Twin towns – sister cities Gmina Tarnów Opolski is twinned with: * Bad Blankenburg, Germany * Brück Brüc ...
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Gmina Strzeleczki
__NOTOC__ Gmina Strzeleczki, German Gemeinde Klein Strehlitz is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Krapkowice County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Strzeleczki (Klein Strehlitz), which lies approximately west of Krapkowice and south of the regional capital Opole. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2019 its total population is 7,391. Since 2006 the commune, like much of the surrounding area, has been bilingual in German and Polish. Administrative divisions The commune contains the villages and settlements of: * Strzeleczki *Buława * Dobra * Dziedzice *Komorniki * Kopalina *Kujawy * Łowkowice * Moszna * Nowy Bud * Nowy Młyn * Pisarzowice * Racławiczki * Ścigów * Serwitut * Smolarnia * Urszulanowice * Wawrzyńcowice * Zbychowice * Zielina Neighbouring gminas Gmina Strzeleczki is bordered by the gminas of Biała, Głogówek, Gogolin, Krapkowice and Prószków Prószków (, German: Proskau) is a town in Opole County, ...
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Gmina Reńska Wieś
__NOTOC__ Gmina Reńska Wieś, German Gemeinde Reinschdorf is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kędzierzyn-Koźle County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Reńska Wieś (Reinschdorf), which lies approximately south-west of Kędzierzyn-Koźle and south of the regional capital Opole. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2019 its total population is 8,251. Since 2006 the commune, like much of the area, has been bilingual in German and Polish, a substantial German minority having remained behind after the area was transferred to Polish control. Villages The commune contains the villages and settlements of: * Reńska Wieś * Bytków * Dębowa * Długomiłowice * Gierałtowice * Kamionka * Komorno * Łężce * Mechnica * Naczysławki * Poborszów * Pociękarb * Pokrzywnica *Radziejów * Większyce Neighbouring gminas Gmina Reńska Wieś is bordered by the gminas of Głogówek, Walce and Zdzieszowice. Twin towns – sister cities ...
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Gmina Radłów, Opole Voivodeship
__NOTOC__ Gmina Radłów, German Gemeinde Radlau is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Olesno County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Radłów, which lies approximately north-east of Olesno and north-east of the regional capital Opole. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2019 its total population is 4,308. In 2008 the district was the first in Poland to put up bilingual Polish German signs for town names. These signs would celebrate the multicultural past of the region, which was prior to 1945 part of Germany and as of 2008 28 percent of the inhabitants were German origin. Villages The commune contains the villages and settlements of: *Radłów * Biskupice * Biskupskie Drogi * Kolonia Biskupska * Kościeliska * Ligota Oleska * Nowe Karmonki * Psurów * Stare Karmonki * Sternalice * Wichrów * Wolęcin Neighbouring gminas Gmina Radłów is bordered by the gminas of Gorzów Śląski, Krzepice, Olesno, Praszka Praszka (german ...
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Gmina Prószków
__NOTOC__ Gmina Prószków, German Gemeinde Proskau is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Prószków (Proskau), which lies approximately south-west of the regional capital Opole. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2019 its total population is 9,029. Since 2006 the commune, like most of the area, has been bilingual in German and Polish, a substantial German population having remained behind after the area was transferred to Poland. Villages The commune contains the villages and settlements of: *Prószków * Boguszyce * Chrząszczyce * Chrzowice *Folwark * Górki * Jaśkowice * Ligota Prószkowska * Nowa Kuźnia * Przysiecz *Winów * Zimnice Małe * Zimnice Wielkie * Źlinice * Złotniki Neighbouring gminas Gmina Prószków is bordered by the city of Opole and by the gminas of Biała, Komprachcice, Korfantów, Strzeleczki, Tarnów Opolski and Tułowice. Twin towns – sister ...
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Gmina Popielów
__NOTOC__ Gmina Popielów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Popielów, which lies approximately north-west of the regional capital Opole. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2019 its total population is 8,051. The gmina contains part of the protected area called Stobrawa Landscape Park. Villages Gmina Popielów contains the villages and settlements of Kaniów, Karłowice, Kurznie, Kuźnica Katowska, Lubienia, Nowe Siołkowice, Popielów, Popielowska Kolonia, Rybna, Stare Kolnie, Stare Siołkowice and Stobrawa. Neighbouring gminas Gmina Popielów is bordered by the gminas of Dąbrowa, Dobrzeń Wielki, Lewin Brzeski, Lubsza, Pokój, Skarbimierz and Świerczów. Twin towns – sister cities Gmina Popielów is twinned with: * Bad Wurzach, Germany * Bikal, Hungary * Krakovany, Czech Republic * Krakovany, Slovakia * Rüdersdorf Rüdersdorf is a municipality in ...
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Gmina Polska Cerekiew
__NOTOC__ Gmina Polska Cerekiew, German Gemeinde Groß Neukirch is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kędzierzyn-Koźle County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Polska Cerekiew (Groß Neukirch), which lies approximately south of Kędzierzyn-Koźle and south of the regional capital Opole. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2019 its total population is 4,021. Since 2011 the commune has been bilingual in German and Polish, and has its signs in two languages. These signs celebrate the multicultural past of the region, which was prior to 1945 part of Germany and still maintains a large German population. Administrative divisions The commune contains the villages and settlements of: *Polska Cerekiew *Ciężkowice, Opole Voivodeship, Ciężkowice *Dzielawy *Grzędzin *Jaborowice *Koza, Opole Voivodeship, Koza *Łaniec *Ligota Mała, Opole Voivodeship, Ligota Mała *Mierzęcin, Gmina Polska Cerekiew, Mierzęcin *Połowa *Witosławice, ...
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Gmina Pawłowiczki
__NOTOC__ Gmina Pawłowiczki is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kędzierzyn-Koźle County, Opole Voivodeship, in southwestern Poland. Its seat is the village of Pawłowiczki, which lies approximately southwest of Kędzierzyn-Koźle and south of the regional capital Opole. Until 1945, Pawlowiczki was seat of the Moravian Brethren's Congregation Gnadenfeld (Gracefield) and from 1818 to 1922 seat of their theological seminary. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2019 its total population is 7,477. Villages Gmina Pawłowiczki contains the villages and settlements of Borzysławice, Chrósty, Opole Voivodeship, Chrósty, Dobieszów, Kędzierzyn-Koźle County, Dobieszów, Dobrosławice, Opole Voivodeship, Dobrosławice, Gościęcin, Grodzisko, Kędzierzyn-Koźle County, Grodzisko, Grudynia Mała, Grudynia Wielka, Jakubowice, Kędzierzyn-Koźle County, Jakubowice, Karchów, Kózki, Opole Voivodeship, Kózki, Ligota Wielka, Kędzierzyn-Koźle County, Ligota Wielka, Maciowa ...
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Gmina Murów
__NOTOC__ Gmina Murów, (German: ''Gemeinde Murow)'' is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Murów (Murow), which lies approximately north of the regional capital Opole. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2019 its total population is 5,306. Since 2009 the commune, like much of the region, has been bilingual in German and Polish. The gmina contains part of the protected area called Stobrawa Landscape Park. Villages The commune contains the villages and settlements of: * Murów * Bożejów * Bukowo *Czarna Woda * Dębiniec * Grabczok * Grabice * Kały * Kęszyce * Mańczok * Młodnik * Morcinek * Nowe Budkowice * Okoły * Radomierowice * Stare Budkowice * Święciny * Wojszyn * Zagwiździe Neighbouring gminas Gmina Murów is bordered by the gminas of Dobrzeń Wielki, Kluczbork, Lasowice Wielkie, Łubniany, Pokój and Wołczyn. Twin towns – sister cities Gmina Murów is twinned ...
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