|
Atelopus
''Atelopus'' is a large genus of Bufonidae, commonly known as harlequin frogs or toads, from Central America, Central and South America, ranging as far north as Costa Rica and as far south as Bolivia. ''Atelopus'' species are small, generally brightly colored, and Diurnal animal, diurnal. Most species are associated with mid-to-high elevation streams. This genus has been greatly affected by amphibian declines, with about 70% of species now considered endangered or extinct. While threatened by habitat loss, pollution, and introduced species, the primary cause of these declines appears to be the chytrid fungus ''Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis''. Almost 40% of the described species in the genus are considered IUCN Red List, possibly extinct; this is raised to 45% when data deficient species are added; this number may be even higher, given that the genus contains many undescribed species that could also be extinct, and many of the species considered critically endangered but extant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atelopus Longirostris
''Atelopus longirostris'' is a species of Atelopus, harlequin frog, a member of the family of true toads (Bufonidae). It has been recorded only in northern Ecuador. Records from Colombia probably represent different species. Once listed as extinct by the IUCN, it was rediscovered in 2016 after more than two decade with no sightings. Names The scientific name of this species means "long-snout" and the species has been named in Spanish as the jambato hocicudo (long-snouted jambato). Common names longnose stubfoot toad, scrawny stubfoot-toad, and longnose sharlequin frog have been coined for it. Taxonomy and systematics ''Atelopus longirostris'' was species description, described by Edward Drinker Cope in 1868 based on a specimen collected by James Orton and which now appears to be lost. The Type locality (biology), type locality was stated as "Valley of Quito", but this is presumed to be erroneous. Arteaga and colleagues (2013) state that populations from Carchi Province, Carc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atelopus Balios
''Atelopus balios'', the Rio Pescado stubfoot toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to southwestern Ecuador, with records from Pacific lowlands in Azuay, Cañar, and Guayas Provinces. It is a rare species that was already suspected to be extinct, but a single specimen was discovered in 2011 by a team from Conservation International during a hunt for missing amphibians. The decline in amphibian populations is well documented. The Atelopus balios is Critically Endangered as a result of the widespread amphibian Chytridiomycosis fungus that has decimated other amphibian populations. There are only 10 known findings of the tadpole, Atelopus balios. Description Adult males measure and females in snout–vent length. The snout is pointed. The limbs are long and slender. The fingers and toes are partially webbed. The dorsum is olive green and is covered with rounded black spots that also extend to the limbs. The palms, soles, webbing, and perianal region ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atelopus Ignescens
''Atelopus ignescens'', the Jambato toad or Quito stubfoot toad or Jambato harlequin frog, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the northern Andes of Ecuador. This once abundant species was believed to be extinct until its rediscovery in 2016. The specific name ''ignescens'' means "to catch fire," presumably in reference to the orange ventral color of this species. Taxonomy A closely related, perhaps undescribed species might exist in Colombia. Alexander G. Ruthven believed ''Atelopus ignescens'' to be the closest relative of the Guajira stubfoot toad ('' Atelopus carrikeri''). Later studies have indicated that its closest relative is an undescribed species from central Ecuador ( Bolívar and Chimborazo Provinces). Description Males measure on and females in snout–vent length. The body is robust with long limbs and truncate snout. The dorsal coloration is uniformly black, as is the iris. The ventral side is orange-red; the belly is lighter in col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Starry Night Toad
The starry night harlequin toad (''Atelopus arsyecue'') is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Its natural habitats are sub-Andean and Andean forests, sub-páramo and páramo at above sea level. It is named after its unique coloration, being largely black with white spots. ''Atelopus arsyecue'' is primarily threatened by habitat loss, with assumptions on decline by chytridiomycosis. Coupled with the inaccessibility of the preservation that the toad calls home, the species was feared extinct for over 30 years. However, its continued existence was known to the Arhuaco community in Sogrome, who referred to the animal as ''gouna'' and considered its habitat a sacred location. In 2019, the tribe consented to collaboration with researchers and showed them the living population, marking the first scientific documentation of this species in over 30 years. Anatomy and morphology This diminutive toad is less than 5 cm (2 in) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atelopus Varius
''Atelopus varius'', the Costa Rican variable harlequin toad or clown frog, is a small Neotropical true toad from the family Bufonidae.Crump, M.L. 1986. "Homing and site fidelity in a Neotropical frog, ''Atelopus varius'' (Bufonidae)." ''Copeia'' 1986(4): 1007–1009. Once ranging from Costa Rica to Panama, ''A. varius'' is now listed as critically endangered and has been reduced to a single remnant population near Quepos, Costa Rica (rediscovered in 2003), and has only relict populations in western Panama. Recent variation in air temperature, precipitation, stream flow patterns, and the subsequent spread of a pathogenic chytrid fungus ('' Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis'') linked to global climate change have been the leading cause of decline for ''A. varius''.Lips, K.R., Green, D.E. and Papendick, R. 2003. "Chytridiomycosis in wild frogs from southern Costa Rica." ''Journal of Herpetology'' 37(1): 215–218. Pounds, J.A., Bustamante, M.R., Coloma, L.A., Consuegra, J.A., Fogde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atelopus Subornatus
''Atelopus subornatus'' is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Colombia and is restricted to the Cordillera Oriental in the Cundinamarca Department. Common name Bogota stubfoot toad has been coined for this species. Description Franz Werner described ''Atelopus subornatus'' based on three specimens (syntypes), for which the total body length was . The body is relatively slim. The head is as wide as long. The fingers have only some basal webbing whereas the toes are heavily webbed. The dorsum is dark red-brown, turning to yellowish or greenish on the sides. Breeding ''Atelopus subornatus'' breeds in streams. The egg masses are string-like, with individual embryos measuring and enclosed in a jelly capsule. Some jelly capsules are empty. The egg strings are not adherent but sink to the stream bottom and get caught by obstructions. The tadpoles are boldly marked with cream and black. Habitat and conservation ''Atelopus subornatus'' inhabits both pristine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atelopus Bomolochos
''Atelopus bomolochos'', the Azuay stubfoot toad or Cuenca jambato frog, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to southern Ecuador and known from Cordillera Oriental in the Azuay, Cañar, and Loja Provinces. Description Males measure and females in snout–vent length. The dorsum is yellow, yellow with brown, or yellowish green, usually with black spots on the back. The belly is yellow or orange. Habitat and conservation Its natural habitats are humid montane forest, sub-páramo, and páramo at elevations of above sea level. It breeds in streams. This formerly abundant species has nearly disappeared from its range. The decline is attributed to chytridiomycosis and habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss or habitat reduction) occurs when a natural habitat is no longer able to support its native species. The organisms once living there have either moved elsewhere, or are dead, leading to a decrease .... After one last individua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atelopus Certus
''Atelopus certus'', the Darien stubfoot toad or Toad Mountain harlequin frog, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae endemic to Panama. Geographic range The toad is endemic to the Darien region of eastern Panama, and its type locality is Cerro Sapo (literally "toad mountain"), giving it its common names Refrigerator and xylophone. Habitat Its natural habitats are tropical montane and submontane forests. It breeds in forest streams where the tadpoles also develop. Conservation status The species is threatened primarily by the advancing wave of chytridiomycosis moving through Central America, and secondarily by habitat loss, although much of its range falls within the Darién National Park, a protected area and world heritage site. Because so many other ''Atelopus'' species are in steep declines, this amphibian is seen as a priority species for ''ex situ'' conservation. In June 2010, a team of conservation partners working under the Panama Amphibian Rescue and Conservati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atelopus Mindoensis
The Mindo stubfoot toad or Mindo harlequin toad (''Atelopus mindoensis'') is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Ecuador in Pichincha, Santo Domingo and Cotopaxi Provinces. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers. It has a unique appearance and color pattern, being green and red with white speckles, and due to this it was once considered an emblematic species of the Mindo Valley. It is threatened by chytridomycosis and habitat loss, and was previously feared extinct, being last seen in Pichincha Province on May 7, 1989. It was not seen again for over 30 years, and any hopes for its survival and rediscovery were considered "unlikely", as the cloud forests A cloud forest, also called a water forest, primas forest, or tropical montane cloud forest, is a generally tropical or subtropical, evergreen, montane, moist forest characterized by a persistent, frequent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ateleopus
''Ateleopus'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the jellynose family Ateleopodidae. It is the type genus of its family, and the order Ateleopodiformes. For some time, it was known as ''Podateles'', because ''Ateleopus'' had been used to replace the frog genus name ''Atelopus'', which was deemed to be a spelling error. This was mistaken, however, and the fish and frog genera reverted to their original names. This genus occurs in the fossil record since the mid-Miocene. Species There are currently 2 recognized species in this genus. * '' Ateleopus edentatus'' Kaga, 2016Kaga, T. (2016): A new jellynose, ''Ateleopus edentatus'', from the western Pacific Ocean (Teleostei: Ateleopodiformes: Ateleopodidae). ''Zootaxa, 4083 (4): 562–568.'' * '' Ateleopus japonicus'' Bleeker, 1854 (Pacific jellynose fish) Several other species have been described, but these are synonyms.Kaga, T., Van Oijen, M.J.P., Kubo, Y. & Kitagawa, E. (2015): Redescription of ''Ateleopus japonicus'' Bleeker 1853 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chytrid Fungus
Chytridiomycota are a division of zoosporic organisms in the kingdom Fungi, informally known as chytrids. The name is derived from the Ancient Greek ('), meaning "little pot", describing the structure containing unreleased zoospores. Chytrids are one of the earliest diverging fungal lineages, and their membership in kingdom Fungi is demonstrated with chitin cell walls, a posterior whiplash flagellum, absorptive nutrition, use of glycogen as an energy storage compound, and synthesis of lysine by the -amino adipic acid (AAA) pathway. Chytrids are saprobic, degrading refractory materials such as chitin and keratin, and sometimes act as parasites. There has been a significant increase in the research of chytrids since the discovery of '' Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis'', the causal agent of chytridiomycosis. Classification Species of Chytridiomycota have traditionally been delineated and classified based on development, morphology, substrate, and method of zoospore discharge. Ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphibian Declines
Since the 1980s, decreases in amphibian populations, including population decline and localized mass extinctions, have been observed in locations all over the world. This type of biodiversity loss is known as one of the most critical threats to global biodiversity. The possible causes include habitat destruction and modification, diseases, exploitation, pollution, pesticide use, introduced species, and ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B). However, many of the causes of amphibian declines are still poorly understood, and the topic is currently a subject of ongoing research. Modeling results found that the current extinction rate of amphibians could be 211 times greater than the background extinction rate. This estimate even goes up to 25,000–45,000 times if endangered species are also included in the computation. Scientists began observing reduced populations of several European amphibian species already in the 1950s. Nevertheless, awareness of the phenomenon as a global problem an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
