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Aphelinidae
The Aphelinidae are a moderate-sized family of tiny parasitic wasps, with about 1100 described species in some 28 genera. These minute insects are challenging to study, as they deteriorate rapidly after death unless extreme care is taken (e.g., preservation in ethanol), making identification of most museum specimens difficult. The larvae of the majority are primary parasitoids on Hemiptera, though other hosts are attacked, and details of the life history can be variable (e.g., some attack eggs, some attack pupae, and others are hyperparasites). Males and females may have different hosts and different life historie They are found throughout the world in virtually all habitats, and are extremely important as biological control agents. The oldest fossils are known from the Eocene aged Baltic Amber. They are difficult to separate from other Chalcidoidea except by subtle features of the wing venation and other difficult characters, and the family appears to be paraphyletic, so is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Encarsia
''Encarsia'' is a large genus of minute parasitic wasps of the family Aphelinidae. The genus is very diverse with currently about 400 described species and worldwide distribution. Noyes, J. S. 2003Universal Chalcidoidea database/ref> The number of existing species is expected to be several times higher because many species are still undescribed.Heraty, J. M., et al. (2008) Systematics and Biology of ''Encarsia''. Chapter 4, pp. 71-87 In: Gould, J., et al. (Eds), In: Classical Biological Control of ''Bemisia tabaci'' in the United States. A review of interagency research and implementation. Progress in Biological Control 4. Springer Science and Business Media B. V. 1-343. ''Encarsia'' is a very complex genus, with specimens showing both inter- and intra-specific variations, making morphological classification difficult. The adult wasps, tiny insects about 1 or 2 millimeters in size, are primarily parasitoids of sessile stages of Sternorrhyncha, in particular whiteflies (Aleyrodid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azotidae
''Ablerus'' is a genus of chalcid wasps formerly belonging to the family Aphelinidae. The genus was created by the American entomologist Leland Ossian Howard in 1894 for the species named in that year by William Harris Ashmead as ''Centrodora clisiocampae''. The genus ''Azotus'' was synonymized with ''Ablerus'' by Alexandre Arsène Girault in 1913 and Hyatt synonymized '' Myocnemella'' with ''Ablerus'' in 1994, leaving ''Ablerus'' as the sole genus within the subfamily Azotinae. Azotinae was elevated in rank in 2013 to become the monotypic family Azotidae. These tiny wasps are normally hyperparasitoids and are associated with the Aleyrodidae and Coccoidea as well as the eggs of a variety of other insects. Overall there are over 90 species of ''Ablerus''. Species These species belong to the genus ''Ablerus'': * '' Ablerus aegypticus'' Abd-Rabou, 2014 * '' Ablerus albicaput'' Girault, 1924 * '' Ablerus aleuroides'' (Husain & Agarwal, 1982) * '' Ablerus aligarhensis'' (Khan & Sha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bardylis (wasp)
''Bardylis'' is a small genus of chalcid wasps belonging to the family Aphelinidae The Aphelinidae are a moderate-sized family of tiny parasitic wasps, with about 1100 described species in some 28 genera. These minute insects are challenging to study, as they deteriorate rapidly after death unless extreme care is taken (e.g., p .... There are presently 9 described species. References Aphelinidae {{Chalcidoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botryoideclava
''Botryoideclava'' is a small genus of chalcid wasps belonging to the family Aphelinidae. Partial species list *'' Botryoideclava bharatiya'' Subba Rao *'' Botryoideclava thailandica'' Hayat, 1994 References Aphelinidae {{Chalcidoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allomymar
''Allomymar'' is a little-known monotypic genus of chalcid wasps belonging to the family Aphelinidae. The only species within the genus is ''Allomymar taitae'' and it is possible that ''Allomymar'' is synonymous with ''Encarsia ''Encarsia'' is a large genus of minute parasitic wasps of the family Aphelinidae. The genus is very diverse with currently about 400 described species and worldwide distribution. Noyes, J. S. 2003Universal Chalcidoidea database/ref> The number ...''. References Aphelinidae Monotypic Hymenoptera genera {{Chalcidoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coccophagus
''Coccophagus'' is a large genus of chalcid wasps belonging to the family Aphelinidae. Species Coccophagus contains the following species: * '' Coccophagus ablusus'' Annecke and Insley, 1974 * '' Coccophagus acanthosceles'' Waterston, 1916 * '' Coccophagus adumbratus'' Annecke and Insley, 1970 * ''Coccophagus adustus'' (Annecke and Prinsloo, 1976) * '' Coccophagus aethiopis'' Girault, 1935 * ''Coccophagus aethochreus'' Annecke and Insley, 1974 * '' Coccophagus afrangiatus'' Viggiani, 1994 * '' Coccophagus africanus'' Risbec, 1956 * '' Coccophagus albiapicella'' De Santis, 1996 * '' Coccophagus albicoxa'' Howard, 1911 * ''Coccophagus albifuniculatus'' (Huang, 1994) * ''Coccophagus amblydon'' Compere, 1937 * ''Coccophagus amoenus'' Hayat, 2015 * '' Coccophagus anchoroides'' (Huang, 1994) * '' Coccophagus angolensis'' Annecke and Insley, 1974 * ''Coccophagus anthracinus'' Compere, 1925 * ''Coccophagus apricus'' Annecke and Insley, 1970 * ''Coccophagus argenteus'' Girault, 1915 * ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aphelinus
''Aphelinus'' is a genus of parasitoid wasps. Several of the species are important because they parasitize agricultural pests, such as the soybean aphid (''Aphis glycines'') or the Russian wheat aphid -''Diuraphis noxia'' - (''A. albipodus'' Hayat & Fatima, ''A. asychis'' Walker, and ''A. varipes'' (Foerster). About 100 species have been described. Partial species list *''Aphelinus abdominalis'' Dalman *''Aphelinus albipodus'' Hayat & Fatima *''Aphelinus asychis'' Walker *''Aphelinus certus'' *''Aphelinus chaonia'' Walker *''Aphelinus flaviventris'' Kurdjumov *''Aphelinus humilis'' Mercet *''Aphelinus lapisligni'' Howard *''Aphelinus mali'' (Haldeman) *''Aphelinus semiflavus'' Howard *''Aphelinus thomsoni'' Graham *''Aphelinus varipes'' (Foerster) References Aphelinidae {{Chalcidoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasitic Wasp
Parasitoid wasps are a large group of hymenopteran superfamilies, with all but the wood wasps (Orussoidea) being in the wasp-waisted Apocrita. As parasitoids, they lay their eggs on or in the bodies of other arthropods, sooner or later causing the death of these hosts. Different species specialise in hosts from different insect orders, most often Lepidoptera, though some select beetles, flies, or bugs; the spider wasps (Pompilidae) exclusively attack spiders. Parasitoid wasp species differ in which host life-stage they attack: eggs, larvae, pupae, or adults. They mainly follow one of two major strategies within parasitism: either they are endoparasitic, developing inside the host, and koinobiont, allowing the host to continue to feed, develop, and moult; or they are ectoparasitic, developing outside the host, and idiobiont, paralysing the host immediately. Some endoparasitic wasps of the superfamily Ichneumonoidea have a mutualistic relationship with polydnaviruses, the viru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chalcidoidea
Chalcid wasps (, , for their metallic colour) are insects within the superfamily Chalcidoidea, part of the order Hymenoptera. The superfamily contains some 22,500 known species, and an estimated total diversity of more than 500,000 species, meaning the vast majority have yet to be discovered and described. The name "chalcid" is often confused with the name "chalcidid", though the latter refers strictly to one constituent family, the Chalcididae, rather than the superfamily as a whole; accordingly, most recent publications (e.g.,) use the name "chalcidoid" when referring to members of the superfamily. Most chalcid wasps are parasitoids of other insects, though other life styles are known, with the herbivorous fig wasps acting as pollinators. Various species are used as biological pest control agents or in scientific research. Description Chalcidoids are generally small wasps, averaging 1.5 mm in length and usually being less than 3 mm. The body is often metallic in colour. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aphelinus Mali
''Aphelinus mali'' is a parasitoid wasp that exploits the woolly apple aphid (''Eriosoma lanigerum''), a pest of apple trees. It is native to the northeastern United States but has been introduced to other parts of the world as a biological pest control agent. Description The adult ''A. mali'' is a tiny black wasp slightly smaller than its woolly aphid host. Its transparent membranous wings are longer than its abdomen and fold flat along its back. Although it can fly, it prefers to walk and jump, and often conceals itself under leaves. The larvae and pupae remain hidden inside the host; the larvae are yellow with red eyes, and the pupae are black. Distribution This parasitoid is a parasite of aphids, particularly woolly aphids and is native to the northeastern parts of the United States. It was introduced in 1928 to the orchards of the Pacific Northwest in the region of Hood River and spread naturally. It has since been introduced to many other parts of the world with the aim of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasitoid
In evolutionary ecology, a parasitoid is an organism that lives in close association with its host (biology), host at the host's expense, eventually resulting in the death of the host. Parasitoidism is one of six major evolutionarily stable strategy, evolutionary strategies within parasitism, distinguished by the fatal prognosis for the host, which makes the strategy close to predation. Among parasitoids, strategies range from living inside the host (''endoparasitism''), allowing it to continue growing before emerging as an adult, to Paralysis, paralysing the host and living outside it (''ectoparasitism''). Hosts can include other parasitoids, resulting in hyperparasitism; in the case of oak galls, up to five levels of parasitism are possible. Some parasitoids Behavior-altering parasite, influence their host's behaviour in ways that favour the propagation of the parasitoid. Parasitoids are found in a variety of Taxon, taxa across the insect superorder Endopterygota, whose compl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eriaporidae
Eriaporinae is a subfamily of chalcid wasps in the order Hymenoptera, family Pirenidae. There are 2 genera and 6 described species in Eriaporinae. Eriaporinae was formerly considered a subfamily of the family Aphelinidae. Genera * '' Eunotiscus'' Compere, 1928 * '' Promuscidea'' Girault, 1917 References Further reading * * * Parasitic wasps Chalcidoidea {{chalcidoidea-stub Insects described in 1955 Hymenoptera subfamilies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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