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1803 In France
Events from the year 1803 in France. Incumbents * The French Consulate Events *30 January **James Monroe, Monroe and Livingston sail for Paris to discuss, and possibly buy, New Orleans: they end completing the Louisiana Purchase. **Napoleon authorizes the celebration of a Joan of Arc feast in Orléans on 8 May. *30 April - Louisiana Purchase made by the United States from France. *May - The Napoleon I of France, First Consul of France Citizen Bonaparte begins making preparations to invade England. *18 May - The United Kingdom redeclares war on France, after French refuse to withdraw from Netherlands, Dutch territory. *5 July - Convention of Artlenburg, the surrender of the Electorate of Hanover to Napoleon I of France, Napoleon's army. *18 November - Haitian Revolution: Battle of Vertières, decisive Haitian victory over the French colonial army. Births January to June *16 February - Louis-Antoine Garnier-Pagès, politician (died 1878 in France, 1878) *3 March - Alexandre-Gabrie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Consulate
The Consulate (french: Le Consulat) was the top-level Government of France from the fall of the Directory in the coup of 18 Brumaire on 10 November 1799 until the start of the Napoleonic Empire on 18 May 1804. By extension, the term ''The Consulate'' also refers to this period of French history. During this period, Napoleon Bonaparte, as First Consul (), established himself as the head of a more authoritarian, autocratic, and centralized republican government in France while not declaring himself sole ruler. Due to the long-lasting institutions established during these years, Robert B. Holtman has called the Consulate "one of the most important periods of all French history." Napoleon brought authoritarian personal rule which has been viewed as military dictatorship. Fall of the Directory government French military disasters in 1798 and 1799 had shaken the Directory, and eventually shattered it in November 1799. Historians sometimes date the start of the political dow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps
Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps (March 3, 1803August 22, 1860) was a French painter noted for his Orientalist works. Life Decamps was born in Paris. In his youth he travelled in the East, and reproduced Oriental life and scenery with a bold fidelity to nature that puzzled conventional critics. His powers, however, soon came to be recognized, and he was ranked along with Delacroix and Ingres as one of the leaders of the French school. At the Paris Exhibition of 1855 he received the grand or council medal. Most of his life was passed in the neighborhood of Paris. He was fond of animals, especially dogs, and indulged in all kinds of field sports. Endnote: * Adolphe Moreau, ''Decamps et son oeuvre'' (Paris, 1869) He died in 1860 in consequence of being thrown from a horse while hunting at Fontainebleau. Founding father of Orientalism Decamps was the founding father of Orientalism since he revealed everyday Oriental life in the 1831 Salon in Paris. His subjects and style with strong contr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ornithology
Ornithology is a branch of zoology that concerns the "methodological study and consequent knowledge of birds with all that relates to them." Several aspects of ornithology differ from related disciplines, due partly to the high visibility and the aesthetic appeal of birds. It has also been an area with a large contribution made by amateurs in terms of time, resources, and financial support. Studies on birds have helped develop key concepts in biology including evolution, behaviour and ecology such as the definition of species, the process of speciation, instinct, learning, ecological niches, guilds, island biogeography, phylogeography, and conservation. While early ornithology was principally concerned with descriptions and distributions of species, ornithologists today seek answers to very specific questions, often using birds as models to test hypotheses or predictions based on theories. Most modern biological theories apply across life forms, and the number of scientists w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Lucien Bonaparte
Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte, 2nd Prince of Canino and Musignano (24 May 1803 – 29 July 1857), was a French naturalist and ornithologist. Lucien and his wife had twelve children, including Cardinal Lucien Bonaparte. Life and career Bonaparte was the son of Lucien Bonaparte and Alexandrine de Bleschamp. Lucien was a younger brother of Napoleon I, making Charles the emperor’s nephew. Born in Paris, he was raised in Italy. On 29 June 1822, he married his cousin, Zénaïde, in Brussels. Soon after the marriage, the couple left for Philadelphia in the United States to live with Zénaïde's father, Joseph Bonaparte (who was also the paternal uncle of Charles). Before leaving Italy, Charles had already discovered a warbler new to science, the moustached warbler, and on the voyage he collected specimens of a new storm-petrel. On arrival in the United States, he presented a paper on this new bird, which was later named after Alexander Wilson. Bonaparte then set about ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1879 In France
Events from the year 1879 in France. Incumbents *President: Patrice de MacMahon, Duke of Magenta (until 30 January) Jules Grévy (starting 30 January) *President of the Council of Ministers: ** until 4 February: Jules Armand Dufaure ** 4 February-28 December: William Waddington. ** starting 28 December: Charles de Freycinet Events * April – Postman Ferdinand Cheval begins to build his ''Palais Idéal'' at Hauterives. * 1 June – Napoléon Eugène, Prince Imperial (Napoléon IV), great-nephew of Napoléon Bonaparte, Bonapartist Pretender to the throne, dies in Africa during the Anglo-Zulu War. * 17 July – Freycinet Plan enacted to extend rail and other transportation systems. * "La Marseillaise" is restored as the French national anthem. Births * 22 January – Francis Picabia, painter and poet (died 1953 in France, 1953) * 4 February – Jacques Copeau, journalist, actor, playwright, director, teacher (died 949 in France, 1949) * 23 March – René Jeannel, entomologist (d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entomologist
Entomology () is the scientific study of insects, a branch of zoology. In the past the term "insect" was less specific, and historically the definition of entomology would also include the study of animals in other arthropod groups, such as arachnids, myriapods, and crustaceans. This wider meaning may still be encountered in informal use. Like several of the other fields that are categorized within zoology, entomology is a taxon-based category; any form of scientific study in which there is a focus on insect-related inquiries is, by definition, entomology. Entomology therefore overlaps with a cross-section of topics as diverse as molecular genetics, behavior, neuroscience, biomechanics, biochemistry, systematics, physiology, developmental biology, ecology, morphology, and paleontology. Over 1.3 million insect species have been described, more than two-thirds of all known species. Some insect species date back to around 400 million years ago. They have many kinds of intera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Étienne Bercé
Jean-Etienne Bercé (24 April 1803 – 29 December 1879) was a French entomologist specialising in Lepidoptera. He wrote ''Faune Entomologique Française. Lépidoptères. Description de tous les Papillons qui se trouvent en France'' Paris, Chez Deyrolle Fils, 1867–1878. This is an eight-volume work with 72 plates, 67 coloured by hand. It is divided: * Vol. I : Rhopalocères, 251 pp., planche A et planches 1-18 * Vol. II : Hétérocères, 270 pp., planche B et planches 19-33 * Vol. III : Hétérocères Noctuae, Première partie, 256 pp., planche C et planches 34-38 * Vol. IV : Hétérocères Noctuae, Deuxième partie, 262 pp. et planches 39-46 * Vol. V : Hétérocères Géometridae, 512 pp., planche D et planches 47-58 * Vol. VI : Hétérocères Deltoides, Pyralites, 398 pp., planche E et planches 1-9 * Vol VII : Catalogue Méthodique, 37 pp. He was elected president of the Société entomologique de France The Société entomologique de France, or French Entomological ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1844 In France
Events from the year 1844 in France. Incumbents * List of French monarchs, Monarch – Louis Philippe I Events *6 August - First Franco-Moroccan War begins. *14 August - Battle of Isly, French victory over Moroccan forces near Oujda, Morocco, ending the First Franco-Moroccan War. *28 August - Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx meet in Paris. *10 September - Treaty of Tangiers, whereby Morocco officially recognized Algeria as part of the French colonial empire, French Empire. *24 October - Treaty of Whampoa, a commercial treaty between France and Qing Dynasty, China, is signed. *French Industrial Exposition of 1844 Births *7 January - St. Bernadette Soubirous, (died 1879 in France, 1879) *21 February - Charles-Marie Widor, organist and composer (died 1937 in France, 1937) *26 February - Étienne Aymonier, linguist, explorer and archaeologist (died 1929 in France, 1929) *30 March - Paul Verlaine, poet (died 1896 in France, 1896) *16 April - Anatole France, author, awarded Nobel Priz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flora Tristan
Flore Célestine Thérèse Henriette Tristán y Moscoso better known as Flora Tristan (7 April 1803 – 14 November 1844) was a French-Peruvian socialist writer and activist. She made important contributions to early feminist theory, and argued that the progress of women's rights was directly related with the progress of the working class. She wrote several works, the best known of which are ''Peregrinations of a Pariah'' (1838), ''Promenades in London'' (1840), and ''The Workers' Union'' (1843). Tristan was the grandmother of the painter Paul Gauguin. Early life Her full name was Flore Célestine Thérèse Henriette Tristán y Moscoso. Her father, Mariano Eusebio Antonio Tristán y Moscoso, was a colonel of the Spanish Navy, born in Arequipa, a city of Peru. His family was one of the most powerful in the south of the country; his brother Pío de Tristán became viceroy of Peru. Flora Tristan's mother, Anne-Pierre Laisnay, was French; the couple met in Bilbao, Spain. When h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1875 In France
Events from the year 1875 in France. Incumbents *President: Patrice de MacMahon, Duke of Magenta *President of the Council of Ministers: Ernest Courtot de Cissey (until 10 March), Louis Buffet (starting 10 March) Events *20 May – Convention du Mètre signed in Paris. *Cize–Bolozon viaduct opens to rail traffic across the Ain. *Gallium is discovered by Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran. Arts and literature *5 January – The Palais Garnier, one of the most famous opera houses in the world, is inaugurated as the home of the Paris Opera. *3 March – The first performance of Bizet's ''Carmen'' at the Opéra Comique, Paris, 3 months before the composer's death. *The Flammarion publishing firm is founded in Paris. Births *17 February – Fanny Clar, journalist and writer (died 1944) *21 February – Jeanne Calment, supercentenarian and the oldest living person ever documented in history (died 1997) *7 March – Maurice Ravel, composer and pianist (died 1937) *27 March – Cécile ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botanist
Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek word (''botanē'') meaning "pasture", " herbs" "grass", or " fodder"; is in turn derived from (), "to feed" or "to graze". Traditionally, botany has also included the study of fungi and algae by mycologists and phycologists respectively, with the study of these three groups of organisms remaining within the sphere of interest of the International Botanical Congress. Nowadays, botanists (in the strict sense) study approximately 410,000 species of land plants of which some 391,000 species are vascular plants (including approximately 369,000 species of flowering plants), and approximately 20,000 are bryophytes. Botany originated in prehistory as herbalism with the efforts of early humans to identify – and later cultivate – edible, med ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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