1780 In France

picture info	1780 In France Events from the year 1780 in France Incumbents * Monarch – Louis XVI Events 17 April – Battle of Martinique Births 6 August – Georges Humann, financier and politician (died 1842) Deaths 25 January – André Levret, obstetrician (born 1703) 12 April – Camille, Prince of Marsan, nobleman and Prince of Lorraine (born 1725) 3 August – Étienne Bonnot de Condillac, philosopher (born 1715) 14 October – Pierre-Joseph Bourcet, tactician, general, chief of staff, mapmaker and military educator (born 1700) 16 November – Nicolas Joseph Laurent Gilbert, poet (born 1750) 15 December – Charles-Henri-Louis d'Arsac de Ternay Charles-Henri-Louis d'Arsac, chevalier de Ternay (27 January 1723 – 15 December 1780) was a French naval officer. Most active in the Seven Years' War and the War of American Independence, Ternay was the naval commander of a 1762 expedition ..., naval officer (born 1723) See also References 17 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its Metropolitan France, metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea; overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Due to its several coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in continental Europe, as well as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas via its overseas territories in French Guiana and Saint Martin (island), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	List Of French Monarchs France was ruled by monarchs from the establishment of the Kingdom of West Francia in 843 until the end of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions. Classical French historiography usually regards Clovis I () as the first king of France, however historians today consider that such a kingdom did not begin until the establishment of West Francia. Titles The kings used the title "King of the Franks" ( la, Rex Francorum) until the late twelfth century; the first to adopt the title of "King of France" (Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...: ''Rex Franciae''; French language, French: ''roi de France'') was Philip II of France, Philip II in 1190 (r. 1180–1223), after which the title "King of the Franks" gradually lost ground. However, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Louis XVI Of France Louis XVI (''Louis-Auguste''; ; 23 August 175421 January 1793) was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was referred to as ''Citizen Louis Capet'' during the four months just before he was executed by guillotine. He was the son of Louis, Dauphin of France, son and heir-apparent of King Louis XV, and Maria Josepha of Saxony. When his father died in 1765, he became the new Dauphin. Upon his grandfather's death on 10 May 1774, he became King of France and Navarre, reigning as such until 4 September 1791, when he received the title of King of the French, continuing to reign as such until the monarchy was abolished on 21 September 1792. The first part of his reign was marked by attempts to reform the French government in accordance with Enlightenment ideas. These included efforts to abolish serfdom, remove the ''taille'' (land tax) and the ''corvée'' (labour tax), and increase tolerance toward non-Catholics as well as abolis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Battle Of Martinique (1780) The Battle of Martinique, also known as the Combat de la Dominique, took place on 17 April 1780 during the American Revolutionary War in the West Indies between the British Royal Navy and the French Navy. Origins In March 1780, the French chief commander for the West Indies and North America, Charles Henri Hector d'Estaing, was succeeded by Comte de Guichen. Together with François Claude Amour, marquis de Bouillé, de Guichen planned a combined attack on a British West Indies Island. On 13 April Guichen sailed from Martinique with a fleet of 23 ships of the line and 3,000 troops. The newly arrived British commander based in St. Lucia, George Brydges Rodney, was notified immediately of the French departure, and gave chase with 20 ships of the line. On 16 April, his sentinels spotted de Guichen westward of Martinique. Battle The fleets began manoeuvring for the advantage of the weather gage on the morning of 17 April. By 8:45, Rodney had reached a position to the windward ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Georges Humann Jean-Georges Humann (6 August 1780 – 25 April 1842) was a French financier and politician. During the July Monarchy (1830–1848) he was several times Minister of Finance. Early years Jean-Georges Humann was born in Strasbourg, Bas-Rhin, on 6 August 1780. His parents were Jacques Humann and Anne-Marie Schmitz. His family was German in origin. His father was a bourgeois of Strasbourg, but his family was not wealthy and his education was limited. By nature he was reserved, taciturn and laconic. When he was fourteen Humann was apprenticed to a tobacco merchant. By the age of eighteen he and an associate were running a small trading company. In 1799 he married Louise Philippine Antoinette Breck in Strasbourg. She died two years later. On 24 August 1802 he married Madeleine Heiligenthal (1778-1836). They had four sons and two daughters. Entrepreneur and deputy At a very young age, between 1800 and 1810, Humann acquired a considerable fortune and became a celebrity in Alsace. His ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	1842 In France Events from the year 1842 in France. Incumbents * Monarch – Louis Philippe I Events 8 May - Versailles train crash at Meudon, results in the deaths of at least 55 passengers. 9 July - Legislative election held. Births January to June 31 January - Marie-Charles David de Mayréna, adventurer (died 1890) 13 March - Joseph Valentin Boussinesq, mathematician and physicist (died 1929) 18 March - Stéphane Mallarmé, poet and critic (died 1898) 25 March - Jean Marie Charles Abadie, ophthalmologist (died 1932) 4 April - Édouard Lucas, mathematician (died 1891) 17 April - Maurice Rouvier, statesman (died 1911) 10 June - Jean-Jules-Antoine Lecomte du Nouy, painter and sculptor (died 1923) July to December 30 July - Auguste Bouché-Leclercq, historian (died 1923) 14 August - Jean Gaston Darboux, mathematician (died 1917) 25 August - Édouard Louis Trouessart, zoologist (died 1927) 28 August - Placide Louis Chapelle, Archbishop in Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New Orl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	André Levret André Levret (8 January 1703 in Paris – 22 January 1780) was a French obstetrician who practised medicine in Paris. He was a contemporary of famed English obstetrician William Smellie (1697–1763), and along with Jean-Louis Baudelocque (1745–1810), helped advance the science of obstetrics in 18th century France. Levret is considered by many to be the most influential figure in 18th century French obstetrics. He is known for his work involving breech maneuvers and Caesarean sections. He wrote a number of influential books in the field of obstetrics and attracted students from all over Europe, among them German obstetrician Johann Lukas Boër (1751–1835). He is credited with improving the birth forceps by adding a "pelvic curve" to the instrument. A classical procedure for assisted breech delivery is sometimes referred to as a "Mauriceau-Levret manipulation", named after Levret and physician François Mauriceau (1637–1709). This procedure is also known as "Lachapelle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Camille, Prince Of Marsan Camille de Lorraine (Louis Camille; 18 December 1725 – 12 April 1780) was a French nobleman and Prince of Lorraine. He was known as the ''Prince of Marsan'' and after the death of his father, was the Count of Marsan. Biography Born the youngest child of four, his father was Charles Louis de Lorraine, Prince of Pons. His mother was Élisabeth de Roquelaur. His mother was a daughter of the famous maréchal de Roquelaure. As a member of the House of Guise, a cadet branch of the House of Lorraine, he was a Foreign Prince in France and as such was given the style of ''Highness''. He was the last male of the Lorraine Counts of Marsan. He was the Prince of Puyguilhem, but never used the title. Known simply as ''le prince Camille'', he was styled as the Prince of Marsan, his older brother Gaston was the Count of Marsan. His brother died of smallpox in 1743 and the county of Marsan reverted to the family. Even after his father's death in 1755, Camille was still known as the ''princ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Étienne Bonnot De Condillac Étienne Bonnot de Condillac (; ; 30 September 17142 August or 3 August 1780) was a French philosopher and epistemologist, who studied in such areas as psychology and the philosophy of the mind. Biography He was born at Grenoble into a legal family, the youngest of three brothers. His two older brothers Jean and Gabriel took names associated with one of the family's properties at Mably, Loire, and were each known as "Bonnot de Mably". Étienne identified with another property at Condillac, Drôme, was known as "Bonnot de Condillac". Like his brother Gabriel, Condillac took holy orders (1733–1740) at Saint-Sulpice church in Paris. He was appointed as Abbot of Mureau. Condillac devoted his whole life, with the exception of an interval as a court-appointed tutor to the court of Parma, to speculative thought. His works are: * ' (1746); * ' (1749); * ' (1754); ' (1755); a comprehensive ''Cours d'études'' (1767–1773) in 13 vols., written for the young Duke Ferdinand of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Salmonsens Konversationsleksikon ''Salmonsens Konversationsleksikon'' is a Danish encyclopedia that has been published in several editions. The first edition, ''Salmonsens Store Illustrerede Konversationsleksikon'' was published in nineteen volumes 1893–1911 by Brødrene Salmonsens Forlag, and named after the publisher Isaac Salmonsen. The second edition, ''Salmonsens Konversationsleksikon'', was published in 26 volumes 1915–1930, under the editorship of Christian Blangstrup (volume 1–21), and Johannes Brøndum-Nielsen and Palle Raunkjær (volume 22–26), issued by J. H. Schultz Forlagsboghandel. Editions * ''Salmonsens Store Illustrerede Konversationsleksikon'', 19 volumes, Copenhagen: Brødrene Salmonsen, 1893–1911 * ''Salmonsens Konversationsleksikon'', 2nd edition, editors: Christian Blangstrup (I–XXI), Johannes Brøndum-Nielsen and Palle Raunkjær (XXII–XXVI), 26 volumes, Copenhagen: J. H. Schultz Forlagsboghandel, 1915–1930. * ''Den Lille Salmonsen'', 3rd edition, 12 volumes, Copenhage ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Pierre-Joseph Bourcet Pierre-Joseph Bourcet (1 March 1700 – 14 October 1780) was a French tactician, general, chief of staff, mapmaker and military educator. He was the son of Daniel-André Bourcet and of Marie-Magdeleine Legier. Life Bourcet was born at Usseaux, in what is now Piedmont, northern Italy on 1 March 1700, the first son of Captain Daniele Andrea Bourcet. At 18 years old, he began serving under his father, a captain in the French armies in the Alps. He completed his training, studying maths, and became a gunner before entering the infantry and finally the engineers. With the support of M. d'Asfeld, he joined the engineers corps in 1729. A long military career followed, ending at the rank of lieutenant-général des armées du roi, in 1762, the highest rank in the ancien régime military. At the start of his career, he was a protégé of the maréchal de Maillebois, accompanying him on a secret reconnaissance mission to France's Alpine frontier. He was chief engineer at Mont-Daup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]