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1740 In Science
The year 1740 in science and technology involved some significant events. Mathematics * Jean Paul de Gua de Malves publishes his work of analytic geometry, . Metallurgy * Benjamin Huntsman develops the technique of crucible steel production at Handsworth, South Yorkshire, England. Physics * Jacques-Barthélemy Micheli du Crest creates a spirit thermometer, making use of two fixed points, 0 for "Temperature of earth" based on a cave at Paris Observatory and 100 for the heat of boiling water. * Émilie du Châtelet publishes ''Institutions de Physique'', including a demonstration that the energy of a moving object is proportional to the square of its velocity (Ek = mv²). * Louis Bertrand Castel publishes ''L'Optique des couleurs'' in Paris, including the observation that the colours of white light split by a prism depend on distance from the prism. Technology * Henry Hindley of Yorkshire invents a device to cut the teeth of clock wheels. Awards * Copley Medal: Alexander Stuart ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science
Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for scientific reasoning is tens of thousands of years old. The earliest written records in the history of science come from Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages, but was preserved in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age and later by the efforts of Byzantine Greek scholars who brought Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Stuart (scientist)
Alexander Stuart FRS FRCP (1673–1742) was a British natural philosopher and physician. He was born in Aberdeen, Scotland. He graduated from Marischal College, University of Aberdeen, in 1691 with an MA and became a ship's surgeon, serving on the ''London'' from 1701 to 1704 and on the ''Europe'' from 1704 to 1707. While at sea he kept records of his operations and sent specimens of new creatures to Hans Sloane, with several reports on such animals being published in the ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society''. After returning to land in 1708 he started a medical degree at Leiden University, and he graduated on 22 June 1711. He served as a doctor for the British Army for a bit but returned to England. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1714, and in 1719 he became the first doctor to practise at Westminster Hospital, transferring to St George's Hospital in 1733. In 1728 he became a physician-in-ordinary for Caroline of Ansbach and was elected a Fell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1837 In Science
The year 1837 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Biology * January 10 – John Gould reports to the Zoological Society of London that bird specimens brought by Charles Darwin from the Galápagos Islands which Darwin had thought were blackbirds, "gross-bills" and finches are in fact "a series of ground Finches which are so peculiar" as to form "an entirely new group, containing 12 species", an important step in the inception of Darwin's theory. * March–July – Charles Darwin begins privately to develop his theory of transmutation of species. * November 6 – Establishment of the Public Garden in Boston (Massachusetts), as a botanical garden, the first in the United States to be open to the general public. Mathematics * Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet publishes Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions, using mathematical analysis concepts to tackle an algebraic problem and thus creating the branch of analytic number theory. In provin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ornithology
Ornithology is a branch of zoology that concerns the "methodological study and consequent knowledge of birds with all that relates to them." Several aspects of ornithology differ from related disciplines, due partly to the high visibility and the aesthetic appeal of birds. It has also been an area with a large contribution made by amateurs in terms of time, resources, and financial support. Studies on birds have helped develop key concepts in biology including evolution, behaviour and ecology such as the definition of species, the process of speciation, instinct, learning, ecological niches, guilds, island biogeography, phylogeography, and conservation. While early ornithology was principally concerned with descriptions and distributions of species, ornithologists today seek answers to very specific questions, often using birds as models to test hypotheses or predictions based on theories. Most modern biological theories apply across life forms, and the number of scientists w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physician
A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through the study, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments. Physicians may focus their practice on certain disease categories, types of patients, and methods of treatment—known as specialities—or they may assume responsibility for the provision of continuing and comprehensive medical care to individuals, families, and communities—known as general practice. Medical practice properly requires both a detailed knowledge of the academic disciplines, such as anatomy and physiology, underlying diseases and their treatment—the ''science'' of medicine—and also a decent competence in its applied practice—the art or ''craft'' of medicine. Both the role of the physician and the meaning ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English People
The English people are an ethnic group and nation native to England, who speak the English language in England, English language, a West Germanic languages, West Germanic language, and share a common history and culture. The English identity is of History of Anglo-Saxon England, Anglo-Saxon origin, when they were known in Old English as the ('race or tribe of the Angles'). Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Great Britain around the 5th century AD. The English largely descend from two main historical population groups the West Germanic tribes (the Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians) who settled in southern Britain following the withdrawal of the Ancient Rome, Romans, and the Romano-British culture, partially Romanised Celtic Britons already living there.Martiniano, R., Caffell, A., Holst, M. et al. Genomic signals of migration and continuity in Britain before the Anglo-Saxons. Nat Commun 7, 10326 (2016). https://doi.org/10 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Latham (ornithologist)
John Latham (27 June 1740 – 4 February 1837) was an English physician, naturalist and author. His main works were ''A General Synopsis of Birds'' (1781–1801) and ''General History of Birds'' (1821–1828). He was able to examine specimens of Australian birds which reached England in the last twenty years of the 18th century, and was responsible for providing English names for many of them. He named some of Australia's most famous birds, including the emu, sulphur-crested cockatoo, wedge-tailed eagle, superb lyrebird, Australian magpie, magpie-lark and pheasant coucal. He was also the first to describe the hyacinth macaw. Latham has been called the "grandfather" of Australian ornithology. Biography John Latham was born on 27 June 1740 at Eltham in northwest Kent. He was the eldest son of John Latham (died 1788), a surgeon, and his mother, who was a descendant of the Sothebys, in Yorkshire. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School and then studied anatomy under William Hu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1793 In Science
The year 1793 in science and technology involved some significant events. Events * August 8 – The French Academy of Sciences is among the academies suppressed by the National Convention. * October 24 – The French Republican Calendar, devised by Gilbert Romme, is adopted by the National Convention. Exploration * July 20 – Scottish people, Scottish explorer Alexander Mackenzie (explorer), Alexander Mackenzie's 1792–1793 Peace River expedition to the Pacific Ocean reaches its goal at Bella Coola, British Columbia, making him the first known person to complete a transcontinental crossing of northern North America. Biology * June 10 – formally established in Paris by the National Convention The National Convention (french: link=no, Convention nationale) was the parliament of the Kingdom of France for one day and the French First Republic for the rest of its existence during the French Revolution, following the two-year National ... of the French First Republic. * C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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