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1726 In Science
The year 1726 in science and technology involved some significant events. Botany * October 27 – Caleb Threlkeld publishes ''Synopsis Stirpium Hibernicarum .....Dispositarum sive Commentatio de Plantis Indigenis praesertim Dublinensibus instituta'' in Dublin, the first flora of Ireland. Medicine * A faculty of medicine is formally established at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, a predecessor of the University of Edinburgh Medical School. John Rutherford becomes Professor of Practice of Medicine. Technology * For clocks, the gridiron pendulum is developed by John Harrison, as a pendulum that compensates for temperature errors: a grid of alternating brass and steel rods is arranged so that the expansion due to heat is dissipated. Publications * Johann Beringer publishes ''Lithographiæ Wirceburgensis'' describing hoax fossils. Births * February 6 – Patrick Russell, Scottish-born surgeon and herpetologist (died 1805) * June 3 – James Hutton, Scottish geologist ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science
Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for scientific reasoning is tens of thousands of years old. The earliest written records in the history of science come from Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages, but was preserved in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age and later by the efforts of Byzantine Greek scholars who brought Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Lying Stones Of Marrakech
''The Lying Stones of Marrakech'' (2000) is the ninth volume of collected essays by the Harvard paleontologist, Stephen Jay Gould. The essays were culled from his monthly column "The View of Life" in '' Natural History'' magazine, to which Gould contributed for 27 years. The book deals with themes familiar to Gould's writing: evolution and its teaching, science biography, probability, and iconoclasm. ReviewsBook review- by Christine Kenneally, ''The New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid d ...''A Gouldian Valediction, Almost- by Henry Gee, ''Nature''Essay Summaries- by Lawrence N. Goeller- by Jim Walker External linksBook excerpt- Random House PressProfile Page (with introduction)- Unofficial Stephen Jay Gould ArchiveVideo interview about the book- '' Charlie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French People
The French people (french: Français) are an ethnic group and nation primarily located in Western Europe that share a common French culture, history, and language, identified with the country of France. The French people, especially the native speakers of langues d'oïl from northern and central France, are primarily the descendants of Gauls (including the Belgae) and Romans (or Gallo-Romans, western European Celtic and Italic peoples), as well as Germanic peoples such as the Franks, the Visigoths, the Suebi and the Burgundians who settled in Gaul from east of the Rhine after the fall of the Roman Empire, as well as various later waves of lower-level irregular migration that have continued to the present day. The Norse also settled in Normandy in the 10th century and contributed significantly to the ancestry of the Normans. Furthermore, regional ethnic minorities also exist within France that have distinct lineages, languages and cultures such as Bretons in Brittany, Occi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guillaume Delisle
Guillaume Delisle, also spelled Guillaume de l'Isle, (; 28 February 1675, Paris – 25 January 1726, Paris) was a French cartographer known for his popular and accurate maps of Europe and the newly explored Americas. Childhood and education Deslile was the son of Marie Malaine and Claude Delisle (1644–1720). His mother died after childbirth and his father married again, to Charlotte Millet de la Croyère. Delisle and his second wife had as many as 12 children, but many of them died at a young age. Although the senior Delisle had studied law, he also taught history and geography. He had an excellent reputation in Paris’ intellectual circles and served as a tutor to lords. Among them was the duke Philippe d’Orléans, who later became regent for the crown of France, and collaborated with Nicolas Sanson, a well-known cartographer. Guillaume and two of his half-brothers, Joseph Nicolas and Louis, ended up pursuing similar careers in science. While his father has to be given c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1776 In Science
The year 1776 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Lagrange publishes a paper on the stability of planetary orbits. Botany * William Withering publishes ''The Botanical Arrangement of all the Vegetables Naturally Growing in Great Britain'', the first flora in English based on Linnaean taxonomy. Chemistry * James Keir begins publication of ''A Dictionary of Chemistry'' in London, a translation into English of Pierre Macquer's ''Dictionnaire de chymie'' (1766). Exploration * July 12 – Captain James Cook sets off from Plymouth, England, in HMS ''Resolution'' on his third voyage, to the Pacific Ocean and Arctic. Geology * James Keir suggests that some rocks, such as those at the Giant's Causeway, might have been formed by the crystallisation of molten lava. Mathematics * Jean Baptiste Meusnier discovers the helicoid and announces Meusnier's theorem. Medicine * November 30 – Sir John Pringle presents "A discourse upon some late improvem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lady Anne Monson
Lady Anne Monson (née Vane; 25 June 172618 February 1776), also known as Lady Anne Hope-Vere, was an English botanist and collector of plants and insects. Life She was the daughter of Henry Vane, 1st Earl of Darlington, and his wife, Lady Grace Fitzroy; she was a great-grandchild of Charles II. Her aunt, also Anne Vane, was a royal mistress.Matthew Kilburn, ‘Vane, Anne (d. 1736)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 200accessed 19 Feb 2017/ref> In 1746, she married Charles Hope-Vere of Craigiehall and had two sons before the marriage was dissolved by Act of Parliament in 1757, due to the birth of an illegitimate child. No details of this child's father are known. Later in 1757, she married Colonel George Monson of Lincolnshire. Since her new husband's career was with the Indian military, she spent most of her time in Calcutta, where she became prominent in Anglo-Indian society. She died in Calcutta on 18 February 1776 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1753 In Science
The year 1753 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Ruđer Bošković's ''De lunae atmosphaera'' demonstrates the lack of atmosphere on the Moon. Botany * May 1 – Publication of Linnaeus' ''Species Plantarum'', the start of formal scientific classification of plants. * June – Establishment in Florence of the ''Accademia dei Georgofili'', the world's oldest society devoted to agronomy and scientific agriculture. Chemistry * Claude François Geoffroy demonstrates that bismuth is distinct from lead and tin. Computer science * January 1 – Retrospectively, the minimum date value for a datetime field in an SQL Server (up to version 2005) due to this being the first full year since Britain's adoption of the Gregorian calendar. Medicine * James Lind publishes the first edition of ''A Treatise on the Scurvy'' (although it is little noticed at this time). Physics * November 25 – The Russian Academy of Sciences announces a competition among che ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Philosophy
Natural philosophy or philosophy of nature (from Latin ''philosophia naturalis'') is the philosophical study of physics Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge which r ..., that is, nature and the physical universe. It was dominant before the development of modern science. From the ancient world (at least since Aristotle) until the 19th century, ''natural philosophy'' was the common term for the study of physics (nature), a broad term that included botany, zoology, anthropology, and chemistry as well as what we now call physics. It was in the 19th century that the concept of science received its modern shape, with different subjects within science emerging, such as astronomy, biology, and physics. Institutions and communities devoted to science were founded. Isaac Newton's book ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Melvill
Thomas Melvill(e) (1726 – December 1753) was a Scottish natural philosopher, who was active in the fields of spectroscopy and astronomy. Biography The son of Helen Whytt and the Rev Andrew Melville, minister of Monimail (d. 29 July 1736), Melvill was a student at the University of Glasgow. In 1749, with Alexander Wilson, his landlord and later the first professor of astronomy at the University, they made the first recorded use of kites in meteorology. They measured air temperature at various levels above the ground simultaneously with a train of kites. He most notably delivered a lecture entitled ''Observations on light and colours'' to the Medical Society of Edinburgh in 1752, in which he described what has been seen as the first flame test. ; see pp. 33–36. In it he described how he had used a prism to observe a flame coloured by various salts. He reported that a yellow line was always seen at the same place in the spectrum; this was derived from the sodium which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1797 In Science
The year 1797 in science and technology involved some significant events. Chemistry * Smithson Tennant demonstrates that diamond is a pure form of carbon. * Louis Nicolas Vauquelin discovers chromium. * Joseph Proust proposes the law of definite proportions, which states that elements always combine in small, whole number ratios to form compounds. Mathematics * Lagrange publishes his ''Théorie des fonctions analytiques''. Physics * Giovanni Battista Venturi describes the Venturi effect. Technology * October 22 – André-Jacques Garnerin carries out the first descent using a frameless parachute, a (3,200 feet) drop from a balloon in Paris. Zoology * Thomas Bewick publishes the first volume, ''Land Birds'', of his '' History of British Birds''. Awards * Copley Medal: Not awarded Births * January 3 – Frederick William Hope, British zoologist (died 1862) * January 4 – Wilhelm Beer, Prussian astronomer (died 1850) * February – Joseph-Alphonse Adhémar, French math ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geologist
A geologist is a scientist who studies the solid, liquid, and gaseous matter that constitutes Earth and other terrestrial planets, as well as the processes that shape them. Geologists usually study geology, earth science, or geophysics, although backgrounds in physics, chemistry, biology, and other sciences are also useful. Field research (field work) is an important component of geology, although many subdisciplines incorporate laboratory and digitalized work. Geologists can be classified in a larger group of scientists, called geoscientists. Geologists work in the energy and mining sectors searching for natural resources such as petroleum, natural gas, precious and base metals. They are also in the forefront of preventing and mitigating damage from natural hazards and disasters such as earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis and landslides. Their studies are used to warn the general public of the occurrence of these events. Geologists are also important contributors to climate ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scottish People
The Scots ( sco, Scots Fowk; gd, Albannaich) are an ethnic group and nation native to Scotland. Historically, they emerged in the early Middle Ages from an amalgamation of two Celtic-speaking peoples, the Picts and Gaels, who founded the Kingdom of Scotland (or ''Alba'') in the 9th century. In the following two centuries, the Celtic-speaking Cumbrians of Strathclyde and the Germanic-speaking Angles of north Northumbria became part of Scotland. In the High Middle Ages, during the 12th-century Davidian Revolution, small numbers of Norman nobles migrated to the Lowlands. In the 13th century, the Norse-Gaels of the Western Isles became part of Scotland, followed by the Norse of the Northern Isles in the 15th century. In modern usage, "Scottish people" or "Scots" refers to anyone whose linguistic, cultural, family ancestral or genetic origins are from Scotland. The Latin word ''Scoti'' originally referred to the Gaels, but came to describe all inhabitants of Scotland. Cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
